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Through a study of the publication data about translations in the field of geography in China from 1900 to 2017, this paper discusses translation as an inherent factor implying foreign geography's impact on modernising and promoting geography in China. The progress of geographical translation in China has been circuitous and arduous, and can be classified into four distinct yet interconnected phases according to the four‐fold aspects of growth, dominant origin, main field of the translations, and proportion of translations among the selected published works. Although translation has been so ubiquitous in Chinese geography that it seems the impact of foreign geography is inescapable, "impact" cannot be equal to translation. With that in mind, indicators including the number and proportion of translations, the import and absorption of translations, the intertwined variation of translations from various countries in different fields and phases, and the social and political contexts in China are considered. The discussion demonstrates that the role of translation in the growth of geography in China changed situationally, and translation implied not only a "foreign impact" but also a "domestic remodelling" of the discipline. Although the status of geography in China is very different from what it used to be, this conclusion suggests that "importing" quality work is necessary for the further promotion of Chinese geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 2 (NOD2) gene and Parkinson's disease susceptibility, including IVS4 + 10A > C (rs72796353) and a missense mutation at exon 9 (c.2857A > G p.K953E). Methods: Rs72796353 and c.2857A > G p.K953E polymorphisms of NOD2 gene were genotyped via polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 125 cases with PD and 120 healthy controls. Genotype and allele frequencies differences of gene polymorphisms between the case and control groups were analyzed by the Chi-square test. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used to indicate the relative susceptibility to PD. Furthermore, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was evaluated by the χ2 test in controls. Results: Neither genotypes nor allele of rs72796353 was significantly different in cases and control groups (p >.05). Differently, AG/GG genotype of NOD2 2857 A > G polymorphism were associated with the increased risk of PD (OR = 2.486, 95%CI = 1.223–5.056), and G allele carriers were 2.563 times risk to suffer from PD (OR = 2.563, 95%CI = 1.310–5.013). Besides, AG genotype might be also a risk factor for PD. Conclusion:NOD2 c.2857A > G p.K953E polymorphism may be correlated with PD susceptibility in Chinese Han population, but not rs727796353. Further study should be conduct to certify this conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land sustainable use is the core content and important basis of regional sustainable development. We made a quantitative evaluation of regional land use sustainability, and the research results can provide a scientific basis for making strategies, policies, and countermeasures of land sustainable use. In order to explore the degree of land sustainable use and its spatial-temporal pattern in Chinese provinces, with the ecological footprint model based on an improved "national hectare," this study constructed a land use sustainability coefficient, and evaluated the state of sustainable land use of Chinese provinces, with a time span from 1998 to 2008. We adjusted the unit of measurement of yield factor and equivalence factor of ecological footprint model, that is, we adjusted a global hectare to a national hectare, and further calculated a per capita ecological footprint and a per capita ecological capacity. We finally stated a land use sustainability coefficient for using a per capita ecological capacity divided by the sum of a per capita ecological footprint and a per capita ecological capacity. Using the evaluation results as the basis, with a ArcGIS 10.0 software platform, this paper drew a spatial-temporal pattern map of the degree of land sustainable use in Chinese provinces, and analyzed the spatial data. The results showed that: From the temporal variation characteristics, the degree of land sustainable use was generally relatively low in Chinese provinces, and there appeared to be a land-use deficit phenomenon in different degrees, the degree of land sustainable use showed a rising trend for nearly 71% of Chinese provinces, but their growth was not balanced, and some of them showed larger changes. From the spatial pattern and its evolution characteristics, the degree of land sustainable use in the eastern coastal regions, northeast regions, central regions, and western regions showed a progressively declining trend. Although the local provinces of China had some changes, the overall spatial pattern showed minor changes. Those provinces in which the degree of land was in ?b, ?c and ?b were decreased by 4, 6, and 13 percentage points. On the contrary, in these provinces in which the degree of land was in ?a, were increased by 23 percentage points, and were mostly in the central and western regions. The spatial pattern of the land use sustainability coefficient presented a continuous optimization and showed a benign development trend. However, the cardinal number of a per capita ecological footprint was higher, and the rate of change of a per capita ecological footprint and a per capita ecological capacity had a smaller gap. These two reasons became a major factor of a land use deficit, and a rapid growth of population was also an important factor. Trade and regional complementarities can solve this problem. This study provides a scientific basis and decision-making reference for creating strategies, policies, and measures of land development and sustainable use in Chinese provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Li 2 S cathodes instead of S cathodes presents an opportunity to pair them with Li-free anodes (e.g., graphite), thereby circumventing anode-related issues, such as poor reversibility and safety, encountered in Li-S batteries. However, the moisture-sensitive nature of Li 2 S causes the release of hazardous H 2 S and the formation of insulative by-products, increasing the manufacturing difficulty and adversely affecting cathode performance. Here, Li 4 SnS 4 , a Li + conductor that is air-stable according to the hard-soft acid-base principle, is formed in situ and uniformly on Li 2 S particles because Li 2 S itself participates in Li 4 SnS 4 formation. When exposed to air (20% relative humidity), the protective Li 4 SnS 4 layer maintains its components and structure, thus contributing to the enhanced stability of the Li 2 S@Li 4 SnS 4 composite. In addition, the Li 4 SnS 4 layer can accelerate the sluggish conversion of Li 2 S because of its favorable interfacial charge transfer, and continuously confine lithium polysulfides owing to its integrity during electrochemical processes. A graphite-Li 2 S pouch cell containing a Li 2 S@Li 4 SnS 4 cathode is constructed, which shows stable cyclability with 97% capacity retention after 100 cycles. Hence, combining a desirable air-stable Li 2 S cathode and a highly reversible Li-free configuration offers potential practical applications of graphite-Li 2 S full cells., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Timely identification and intervention of psychological disorders bear significant import in ameliorating the ensuing therapeutic trajectories in primary bone tumor patients. Moreover, perturbations in thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels have been linked to manifestations of depressive and anxiety-related symptoms. However, the precise interplay governing the nexus of anxiety, depression, and the levels of thyroxine and TSH within the context of primary bone tumor patients remains presently unexplored., Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the potential correlation between the hypothalamus- pituitary-thyroxine (HPT) axis and the depressive as well as anxious states observed in patients afflicted with bone tumors., Methods: Patients with primary bone tumors were required to accept the assessments of anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as thyroid axis hormone concentrations. The depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score. During each follow-up, peripheral venous blood samples were collected for subsequent analysis using radioimmunoassay methods to measure serum- free T3, free T4, and TSH levels, with the calculated free T3 to free T4 ratio indicating peripheral free T4 to free T3 conversion. Tests for trend were conducted to assess thyroid axis hormone concentrations, HAMA scores, and HAMD scores, while the correlation between HAMA or HAMD scores and thyroid axis hormone concentrations was examined through univariate regression analyses., Results: The study included 30 primary bone tumor patients. Initial high HAMA and HAMD scores decreased over a year after surgery (P < 0.05), reflecting diminishing anxiety and depression. TSH levels reduced postoperatively, contrasting with increased free-T3 and free-T4 levels (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis affirmed that positive correlations were noted between TSH and anxiety/depression scores, while free-T3 correlated negatively, adjusted for demographic factors (p < 0.05). No significant associations emerged between HAMA/HAMD scores and free-T4 or free-T3 to free-T4 ratio (p > 0.05)., Conclusion: The early identification of the low T3 syndrome could prove instrumental in both intervening and preventing adverse emotional states associated with primary bone tumors., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

In conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), active lithium (Li) ions, which function as charge carriers and could only be supplied by the Li-containing cathodes, are also consumed during the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase. Such irreversible Li loss reduces the energy density of LIBs and is highly desired to be compensated by prelithiation additives. Herein, lithium selenide (Li 2 Se), which could be irreversibly converted into selenide (Se) at 2.5-3.8 V and thus supplies additional Li, is proposed as a cathode prelithiation additive for LIBs. Compared with previously reported prelithiation reagents ( e.g. , Li 6 CoO 4 , Li 2 O, and Li 2 S), the delithiation of Li 2 Se not only delivers a high specific capacity but also avoids gas release and incompatibility with carbonate electrolytes. The electrochemical characterizations show that with the addition of 6 wt % Li 2 Se to the LiFePO 4 (LFP) cathodes, a 9% increase in the initial specific capacity in half Li||LFP cells and a 19.8% increase in the energy density (based on the total mass of the two electrodes' materials) could be achieved without sacrificing the other battery performance. This work demonstrates the possibility to use Li 2 Se as a high-efficiency prelithiation additive for LIBs and provides a solution to the high-energy LIBs.

The use of non-solvating, or as-called sparingly-solvating, electrolytes (NSEs), is regarded as one of the most promising solutions to the obstacles to the practical applications of Li-S batteries. However, it remains a puzzle that long-life Li-S batteries have rarely, if not never, been reported with NSEs, despite their good compatibility with Li anode. Here, we find the capacity decay of Li-S batteries in NSEs is mainly due to the accumulation of the dead Li 2 S at the cathode side, rather than the degradation of the anodes or electrolytes. Based on this understanding, we propose an electrochemical strategy to reactivate the accumulated Li 2 S and revive the dead Li-S batteries in NSEs. With such a facile approach, Li-S batteries with significantly improved cycling stability and accelerated dynamics are achieved with diglyme-, acetonitrile- and 1,2-dimethoxyethane-based NSEs. Our finding may rebuild the confidence in exploiting non-solvating Li-S batteries with practical competitiveness., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

This study proposes an image segmentation method based on bottleneck detection and watershed algorithm to solve the problem of overlapping cervical cell image. First, we use polygon approximation to get all feature points on the cell contour and then use bottleneck detection and ellipse fitting to obtain the correct split point pairs. Therefore, the approximate range of the overlapping region was determined. The watershed algorithm was used to obtain the internal boundary information for the gradient image of the region. Finally, the segmentation results of the overlapped cells were obtained by superimposing with the outer contour. The experimental results show that this algorithm can segment the contour of a single cell from the overlapping cervical cell images with good accuracy and integrity. The segmentation result is close to that of doctors' manual marking, and the segmentation result is better than other existing algorithms.

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common and fatal subtype of stroke, with hypertension the most common cause of this disorder. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been shown to elicit protective properties in stroke models. In the present study, male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were subjected to ICH by intracerebral injection with autologous blood, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were employed as control. The neurological function outcomes and blood-brain barrier (BBB) were assessed after BM-MSCs transplantation. Our results showed that BM-MSCs grafts via the tail vein significantly decreased the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and the modified limb placing test (MLPT) score at 14 days after ICH, and the scores were gradually lowered till the end of test. Furthermore, BM-MSCs transplantation effectively attenuated the BBB permeability compared with the vehicle only group, as evidenced by the low level of Evans blue leakage in the BM-MSC group. In addition, we found that BM-MSCs grafts elevated the levels of tight junction associated protein occludin, and type IV collagen. Taken together, our results suggest that intravenously transplanted BM-MSCs exert therapeutic effects on ICH in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The underlying mechanisms are associated with the enhanced neurological function recovery and increased integrity of BBB. Our results provide the increased understanding of the underlying mechanisms and perspective of BMSCs in treatment for stroke.