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During the current and last century, leisure flight has been an increasing market, especially in the last 30 years, the growth rate has been increasing substantially, only stopped by the episodes of global recessions. However, this aviation crisis has had no similar fact in all its history. On this project, a study of the drivers and possible lacks aviation market currently has is carried out. For this, an analysis of the facts that brought people to leisure travel that much before the global pandemic is required, to realize how people’s priorities have changed from the last year. To see this, both practical and technical studies are performed. The first will consist in reading a series of reports related to the leisure travel inner causes, while the second will consider people’s thoughts by interviewing them, using a set of questions that will be extracted from the technical studies. Once a sample of results is obtained, statistics are used to get insights on given structures and correlations between the leisure aviation drivers. These results are then compared to the ones obtained in the reviewed literature, trying to understand the reasons behind the obtained differences, broadening the general knowledge about these drivers, while discussing what things could be improved in the leisure flight industry to recover market share.

The current situation derived from the COVID-19 crisis is generating unprecedented challenges throughout the educational community, although higher education institutions have demonstrated their ability to adapt very quickly and with great flexibility to the crisis. Since the beginning of the pandemic, students are experiencing new learning environments and employing a broad set of resources whose impact on their overall learning has yet to be discovered and is being investigated. There are also many unknowns to solve about how the lockdown has affected them. This research provides new evidences on this unprecedented phenomenon about aspects related to their learning and their effect on confinement in a Graphic Engineering subject through a cross-sectional survey conducted with a students’ group (n = 264) during the pandemic period using triangulation of data analysis. A quantitative comparison of the final marks of the students has also been made between the emergency situation and the one before the confinement. The results show a clear and direct relationship between academic performance of the students in pandemic period and variables such as the degree of attention, the time spent on assigned tasks and the conditions of the workspace. The best evaluated training activities are the project and the exercise videos. In general, women are more satisfied with their academic performance and evaluate the practices more positively than men. Although the responses of women have been found to have somewhat more variability than those of men, no meaningful results can be extracted. Final marks and the marks of the autonomous learning competence of the subject increased slightly at the beginning of the pandemic period compared to previous periods, but in the following quarter of confinement the marks were maintained or even decreased with respect to the pre-pandemic period. Finally, the study identifies best practices that will be of value for distance teaching and enginee, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::4 - Educació de Qualitat, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::5 - Igualtat de Gènere, Postprint (author's final draft)

Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

The work routine of workers has been modified by the COVID-19 pandemic and may vary according to the management of their organizations. The objectives of this research were to analyze the relationship between the perception of healthy organizational practices and workers' engagement and burnout and to determine which healthy organizational practices have a greater relationship with the engagement and burnout of employees in times of COVID-19. The methodological approach was correlational-exploratory, with surveys of 162 workers in 4 health centers in Chile. The variables correlated as expected for the total sample, i.e., positively and significantly between healthy organizational practices and engagement and negatively and significantly with burnout. The main practices that are related to increased engagement are career development, information, and skill development; and burnout is reconciliation, well-being, and communication. This research adds to the fundamentals that the mental health of workers is related to the type of management carried out by organizations., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

El engagement y burnout han sido definidos como extremos de un continuo para representar la salud y bienestar de las personas en el trabajo, ya sea producto de este (el trabajo) o de otras circunstancias propias de la vida. Por su parte, se debe reconocer que los tiempos de pandemia, han afectado considerablemente todos los ámbitos de la vida humana, y el organizacional no ha escapado a ello. En este contexto, esta investigación tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión de artículos científicos que abordan el Engagement y Burnout, para conocer las aportaciones que realizan los investigadores en este relevante campo organizacional, focalizando el análisis en los tiempos que vivimos, producto de la pandemia por Covd-19. Para alcanzar los objetivos trazados, se analizó una base de datos con 315 artículos publicados en revistas indexadas de la Web of Science (WOS) durante el período 2020-2022. Siguiendo las pautas del modelo argumentativo de Toulmin (Rodríguez-Bello, 2004), se definió la siguiente aserción causal: “El engagement y burnout de los trabajadores durante la pandemia por COVID-19 se ve influenciado por la gobernanza de las organizaciones”. Los artículos revisados se establecieron como evidencia y la base de datos como garantía. Los principales resultados muestran que la gobernanza social y organizacional influye en la salud y bienestar de los trabajadores, lo que repercute en sus desempeños y por ende en los resultados de sus respectivas organizaciones., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Es presenten les eines que s'han desenvolupat per fer monitorització de la COVID-19, els models matemàtics utilitzats per permetre fer prediccions a curt termini. S'analitzen els reptes i les perspectives que s'han obert durant la pandèmia des de la perspectiva de l'epidemiologia matemàtica., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i Benestar, Postprint (published version)

Avaluación del impacto de la COVID19 en la ciudad de Terrassa utilizando como referencia los resultados financieros de las compañias extingidas y de nueva constitución., El TFG consisteix en realitzar un anàlisi en profunditat de com a evolucionat el teixit productiu a la ciutat de Terrassa durant els últims anys caracteritzats per la aparició de la pandèmia mundial provocada per el virus COVID -19. Aquest estudi es realitzarà utilitzant com a eina principal els resultats financers del totes les empreses extingides des del 2018 fins el 2020 i de totes les companyies que han estat constituïdes també durant aquest període de temps. Per l’obtenció d’aquestes dades financeres utilitzaré el programa habilitat per la UPC anomenat SABI. Una vegada obtinguts tots els resultats avaluarem els paràmetres que siguin més significatius per plasmar-los en forma de taules o de gràfics per posteriorment intentar extreure un patró característic que ens doni un idea global de la situació financera en que es trobaven just abans de posar-hi el tancament. També es compararan aquests resultats segons l’evolució temporal per posar de manifest la afectació de la pandèmia com a conseqüència de totes les restriccions que hi va provocar. Altrament es compararan els resultats de les empreses de nova constitució amb les extingides per veure si la tendència financera és igual o per el contrari es troben grans diferències. I finalment un cop avaluats tots els paràmetres financers que tinguin rellevància s’extrauran unes conclusions finals enllaçant tot l’estudi., The TFG consists of an in-depth analysis of how the productive fabric has evolved in the city of Terrassa in recent years, characterized by the appearance of the global pandemic caused by the COVID -19 virus. This study will be carried out using as a main tool the financial results of all the companies that have disappeared from 2018 to 2020 and of all the companies that have also been set up during this period of time. To obtain this financial data, I will use the program enabled by the UPC called SABI. Once all the results have been obtained, we will evaluate the most significant parameters to shape them in the form of tables or graphs and then try to extract a characteristic pattern that gives us a global idea of the financial situation in which they were just before there is the closure. These results will also be compared according to the temporal evolution to show the impact of the pandemic as a result of all the restrictions that caused it. Otherwise the results of the newly formed companies will be compared with those of the extinct ones to see if the financial trend is the same or on the contrary large differences are found.

Purpose: The impact of the Covid-19 outbreak since March 2020 has put Malaysia’s logistics sector in a contrasting reality to other sectors, as during the implementation of the movement control order (MCO), this sector was declared as providing essential service and allowed to operate in order to fulfil customers’ needs. This study aims to assess the efficiency and productivity of the logistics industry in Malaysia before and during the pandemic so that the performance of this industry can be observed. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses secondary data. Yearly records from the annual reports for the period of 2010–2020 were gathered pertaining to 15 Malaysian logistics companies treated as decision making units (DMUs) in this study. The efficiency and productivity of the Malaysian logistics industry during the Covid-19 pandemic have been assessed by using a hybrid DEA model consisting of a combination of epsilon-based measure (EBM) and Malmquist index. Findings: Findings showed that Lingkaran Trans Kota Holdings Berhad was the most efficient and productive logistics company with an average efficiency score of 1 and 12.7% growth in the average productivity index during the study period. In contrast, MISC Berhad obtained the lowest average efficiency score of 0.285. Nevertheless, the average productivity index for MISC Berhad showed an increase by 25.7%. During the early outbreak of Covid-19, Complete Logistics Services Berhad achieved full efficiency and also attained the highest positive growth of 76.2%. Harbour-Link Group Berhad was the least efficient company, scoring an efficiency score of only 0.254 and a decline in productivity growth by 40.8%. Research limitations/implications: The data used in this study may not be sufficient to represent the performance of the entire logistics industry as the pandemic is still not completely over. More useful insights can be obtained if the data can be extended until 2022 to assess the performance of logistics compa, Peer Reviewed

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, online teaching methods have gained more interest. Most formats of teaching can be easily transferred into an online format from a technical point of view. However, this is more difficult for practical courses in a laboratory. Together with partners from three European universities, we tackled the issue of providing a practical online course for higher education levels in the framework of the EuroTeQ university. In this work, we present our concept of the course and discuss the course goals and further improvements. We tested the remote lab setting in order to offer the course on a yearly basis in future. The remote lab was focused on energy engineering and was open to students from different engineering disciplines and countries. The course was comprised of three blocks, each consisting of one lecture on the broader context of the topic and one experimental laboratory session. The experimental session was streamed via a video broadcasting service. Students were required to either deliver a written report or to write a newspaper article for each of the three blocks. The learning outcome of the course was that students on the one hand learn about the technologies discussed in the course and on the other hand learn about intercultural communication skills. The goal was to show the diversity of technologies and to show the significance of each technology for a specific country. The online experimental sessions proved to deliver a clear explanation of the topic for the students when provided with sufficient course material adapted to online formats. Contrary, keeping a high level of interaction with students during remote experiments was found most challenging.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on container transportation. Accurate forecasting of container throughput is critical for policymakers and port authorities, especially in the context of the anomalous events of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we firstly proposed hybrid models for univariate time series forecasting to enhance prediction accuracy while eliminating the nonlinearity and multivariate limitations. Next, we compared the forecasting accuracy of different models with various training dataset extensions and forecasting horizons. Finally, we analysed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on container throughput forecasting and container transportation. An empirical analysis of container throughputs in the Yangtze River Delta region was performed for illustration and verification purposes. Error metrics analysis suggests that SARIMA-LSTM2 and SARIMA-SVR2 (configuration 2) have the best performance compared to other models and they can better predict the container traffic in the context of anomalous events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The results also reveal that, with an increase in the training dataset extensions, the accuracy of the models is improved, particularly in comparison with standard statistical models (i.e. SARIMA model). An accurate prediction can help strategic management and policymakers to better respond to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic., Postprint (author's final draft)

La situación actual derivada de la crisis del COVID-19 está generando desafíos sin precedentes en toda la comunidad educativa, aunque las instituciones de educación superior han demostrado su capacidad para adaptarse muy rápidamente y con gran flexibilidad a la crisis. Esta investigación aporta nuevas evidencias sobre aspectos relacionados con el aprendizaje y su efecto en el confinamiento en la asignatura de Expressió Gràfica a través de una encuesta transversal realizada con un grupo de estudiantes (n = 264) durante el período pandémico mediante triangulación de análisis de datos. Los resultados muestran una relación entre el rendimiento académico del alumnado en período pandémico y variables como el grado de atención, el tiempo dedicado a las tareas asignadas y las condiciones del espacio de trabajo. En general, las mujeres están más satisfechas con su desempeño académico y evalúan las prácticas de manera más positiva que los hombres. Finalmente, el estudio identifica buenas prácticas que serán valiosas para la enseñanza a distancia y la educación en ingeniería más allá de la situación de la pandemia

In 2020, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is of interest to understand how students perceived the access, use, and utility of digital tools in online teaching. This study provides an insight into the needs of students in adjusting to online teaching. This study presents the methodological design of the course “Industrial Hygiene I,” part of a technology-based engineering bachelor’s degree from Universidad Católica del Norte (Chile). Once the theoretical framework was established, three surveys were designed throughout the course to measure students’ perceptions of the access, use, and utility of digital tools used in online teaching during the pandemic. Thirty-five students participated in this quantitative study. Following a data analysis, it was observed that 46% of students use their cell phones to access virtual classes and more than 50% are dissatisfied with the internet connection; therefore, it was necessary to adapt the learning methodology. After that, more than 50% of the students said that they preferred a flipped classroom over traditional methodology. In addition, the quality of the course was not affected by using the internet (60%), and the methodology generates advantages in terms of learning (72%). These findings have several implications in both the design of different subjects in the engineering degree and the practice of different learning methods. Future hybrid teaching designs require taking up the challenges of both improving technology-supported teaching and assessing competence in the same context, Peer Reviewed

The case study-based module on chemical thermodynamics course (ideal and real gases) was developed to fulfill the needs of undergraduate students in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to test feasibility of case study-based module. The case study-based module refers to the 4D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate) by integrating the one group pretest-posttest design at the develop stage. The feasibility of the module was measured through validity, practicality and effectiveness using validation sheet, evaluation test sheet and questionnaire sheet. Data were analyzed descriptively, quantitatively (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test) and qualitatively. The case study-based module was suitable for one of learning tools, which was proven by the findings that 1) meets valid and reliable criteria, 2) meets practical criteria with support for general achievements students’ very positive response to the aspects of module (construction, material, motivation and case study), and 3) meets the effective criteria by increasing the average score pretest-posttest in medium category which contains the cognitive level of analyze-C4, evaluate-C5, and create-C6. The implication of development case study-based module can facilitate students in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic so that they will successfully reach the course learning outcomes of Chemical Thermodynamics, which includes mastery of knowledge about main principles of thermodynamics, ability to solve science and technology problems, ability to use information and communication technology based learning resources, make decisions based on the relationship of concepts with laboratory activities, and practice responsibility, Peer Reviewed

Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i Benestar, Postprint (published version)

The ESA Academy is the ESA Education Office’s overarching programme for university students. The Academy’s portfolio consists of both ‘hands-on’ activities, and a Training and Learning Programme. Conventionally both of these elements involve a significant number of in person events, for example training sessions, workshops and test and launch campaigns. The educational nature and practical aspects of such events has traditionally necessitated in person participation. Additionally, most of the Academy’s ‘hands-on’ programmes revolve around student teams designing, building, testing and operating an experiment or spacecraft, activities which rely on the availability and delivery of commercial components, and access to manufacturing, testing and launch facilities, and laboratories. In March 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic, and associated restrictions, began to take hold in Europe, nearly all the ESA Academy programmes were affected. Despite the challenges, the Academy continued to deliver activities, and the student teams participating in the Academy’s programmes continued to achieve major milestones, including launching experiments to the ISS, CubeSat testing and launch and execution of micro- and hyper-gravity experiments. This paper explores the challenges faced during COVID-19 and how both the programmes and the students participating in the programmes adapted to meet their educational, scientific, and technical goals. Furthermore, the longer-term adaptation of some of these changes into the future execution of the programmes is discussed

Introduction: The rapid expansion of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has raised serious public health concerns due to the possibility of misdiagnosis in regions where arboviral diseases are endemic. We performed the first study in northern Peru to describe the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibodies in febrile patients with a suspected diagnosis of dengue and chikungunya fever. Materials and methods: A consecutive cross-sectional study was performed in febrile patients attending primary healthcare centers from April 2020 through March 2021. Patients enrolled underwent serum sample collection for the molecular and serological detection of DENV and CHIKV. Also, serological detection of IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was performed. Results: 464 patients were included during the study period, of which (40.51%) were positive for one pathogen, meanwhile (6.90%) presented co-infections between 2 or more pathogens. The majority of patients with monoinfections were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgM with (73.40%), followed by DENV 18.09% and CHIKV (8.51%). The most frequent co-infection was DENV + SARS-CoV-2 with (65.63%), followed by DENV + CHIKV and DENV + CHIKV + SARS-CoV-2, both with (12.50%). The presence of polyarthralgias in hands (43.75%, p<0.01) and feet (31.25%, p = 0.05) were more frequently reported in patients with CHIKV monoinfection. Also, conjunctivitis was more common in patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgM (11.45%, p<0.01). The rest of the symptoms were similar among all the study groups. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibodies were frequently detected in acute sera from febrile patients with a clinical suspicion of arboviral disease. The presence of polyarthralgias in hands and feet may be suggestive of CHIKV infection. These results reaffirm the need to consider SARS-CoV-2 infection as a main differential diagnosis of acute febrile illness in arboviruses endemic areas, as well as to consider co-infections between these pathogens., Postprint (published version)

Aquest treball és una proposta de com han de ser els requisits i les mesures i procediments duts a terme a un creuer per poder minimitzar l’efecte de la covid-19 a bord i garantir la seguretat dels passatgers. Per tant, l’objectiu és la creació d’aquest protocol d’actuació contra la pandèmia. per complir l’objectiu he centrat la cerca d’informació en els tres temes que m’han semblat clau, és a dir, la covid-19, els protocols existents a creuers i els protocols existents als centres sanitaris. Aquests tres punts són els que m’han donat tota la informació que necessitava per tal de crear el protocol ideal per a combatre la malaltia als creuers, tenint en compte que la situació de la pandèmia pot canviar en qüestió de mesos i que, per tant, el protocol que he creat està limitat a la situació que es viu en el moment de fer aquest treball. el resultat obtingut és el disseny d`un protocol per a creuers, que té una estructura similar a la dels que he estudiat però afegint-hi procediments dels protocols sanitaris i unint-ho tot amb els coneixements obtinguts del sars-cov-2, el virus causant de la covid-19.

Este trabajo pretende realizar un análisis de los procesos y tiempos de operativa de los grandes cruceros en la época covid. Para ello, se realizará una comparativa entre el tiempo antes y después de la pandemia de la covid-19. Se estudiarán los cambios en la normativa y en la operativa a nivel europeo, y más específicamente en el puerto de barcelona. el objetivo principal es identificar los problemas e inconvenientes que han aparecido en los grandes buques de pasaje a raíz de la pandemia de la covid-19. Esto incluye cambios en la normativa, procesos de embarque y desembarque de pasajeros, medidas de seguridad y prevención, requisitos de viaje y la afectación de la pandemia a la industria de cruceros entre otros. el trabajo comienza con una introducción general a la industria de cruceros como: principales rutas, volúmenes de pasaje, navieras más importantes etc. A continuación, se explicarán los procesos de consignación habituales antes de la pandemia, además de todas las partes implicadas en la operativa de cruceros. En la siguiente sección, se presenta la normativa covid-19 a nivel europeo y en españa, junto con los protocolos implementados para la mitigación de la covid-19 durante la pandemia. Por último, se analizarán los cambios en la normativa y operativa de los buques de pasaje y se concluirá si dichos cambios son son suficientes para la seguridad y salud de pasajeros y tripulaciones a bordo.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los cambios sucedidos a partir de junio del 2020 y el rol de la pandemia en la suba y baja de los fletes por contenedor desde distintos puntos de vista.

[Resumen]: La pandemia provocada por la COVID-19 ha traspasado fronteras, poniendo en jaque a todos los sectores de la economía mundial. En aras de proteger el empleo y mitigar sus efectos negativos en el tejido empresarial español, se habilitó la posibilidad de recurrir a la figura de los expedientes de regulación temporal de empleo por fuerza mayor basados en el Coronavirus. La necesidad de legislar y modificar dichos instrumentos sobre la marcha ha generado que sea confuso distinguir su tipología, cómo debe efectuarse su tramitación administrativa e incluso las consecuencias de su adopción. A través del presente estudio se pretende concretar su régimen jurídico, poniendo el foco especialmente sobre el análisis de los incipientes pronunciamientos judiciales sobre las extinciones de los contratos de trabajo y el incumplimiento de las limitaciones derivadas de su tramitación., [Resumo]: a pandemia provocada pola COVID-19 traspasou fronteiras, poñendo en xaque a todos os sectores da economía mundial. En aras de protexer o emprego e mitigar os seus efectos negativos no tecido empresarial español, habilitouse a posibilidade de recorrer á figura dos expedientes de regulación temporal de emprego por forza maior baseados no Coronavirus. A necesidade de lexislar e modificar ditos instrumentos sobre a marcha xerou que sexa confuso distinguir a súa tipoloxía, como debe efectuarse a súa tramitación administrativa e incluso as consecuencias da súa adopción. A través do presente estudo preténdese concretar o seu réxime xurídico, poñendo o foco especialmente sobre a análise dos incipientes pronunciamentos xudiciais sobre as extincións dos contratos de traballo e o incumprimento das limitacións derivadas da súa tramitación., [Abstract]: The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has crossed borders, putting all sectors of the world economy in check. In order to protect employment and mitigate its negative effects on the Spanish economy, there is the possibility o resort to the figure of temporary employment regulation due to force majeure based on the Coronavirus. The need to legislate and modify these instruments very quickly has made it confusing to discern between their tipology, how their administravive processing should be carried out, and even the consequences of their adoption. through this study, it is intended to specify its legal framework, focusing specially on the analysis of the incipient judicial pronouncements about the termination of employment contracts and the unfulfillment of their limitations.

La pandemia por COVID-19, se presenta como un evento repentino generando emociones negativas por todo lo que ha implicado a lo largo de su estadía en el mundo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre la Conciliación Trabajo-Familia con Engagement y Burnout, y comparar su Conciliación Trabajo-Familia, Engagement y Burnout, según la institución a la que pertenecen y datos sociodemográficos, en 203 docentes universitarios. El enfoque metodológico fue correlacional-explicativo. Los resultados indican que a mayor conciliación Trabajo-Familia, mayor es el Engagement y menor el Burnout. Al realizar las correlaciones por universidades, los resultados son diferentes, mediante la aplicación de t de student y ANOVA se observaron diferencias significativas en los diversos grupos, siendo las principales las del Engagement según la universidad a la que pertenecen, del Burnout según el género y la compañía con las que enfrenta la pandemia (pareja, hijos), de las interacciones negativas trabajo-familia según la edad y de las interacciones positivas trabajo-familia la cantidad de personas con las que se vive. Estos resultados ponen de relieve la importancia de seguir avanzando en temas de equidad de género, vida en comunidad y la gestión que hagan las universidades a través de prácticas organizacionales para el bienestar, felicidad y salud de los trabajadores., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

The alteration of the educational model caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has not affected all university faculty equally. This work explores the academic, digital and gender inequalities caused by the pandemic on the teaching and research staff of a technological university for STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) disciplines in Spain, the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech (UPC). The study considers an anonymous survey with a non-probabilistic voluntary sample (n = 355). The results of the survey reveal that, over these months, the teaching and research staff of the university, regardless of gender, has significantly increased its academic activity due especially to the number of hours devoted to virtual teaching compared to its teaching dedication in a situation of normalcy. This study shows that the lockdown has strongly affected women who are more vulnerable to crisis. In particular, the negative impact on research has been higher in female faculty staff from the UPC, who already face disparities regarding promotion and, during lockdown, stated more difficulties with household work reconciliation. From the results of this study, it is possible to conclude that the COVID-19 pandemic has deepened the gender gap in the academic field., Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::4 - Educació de Qualitat, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::5 - Igualtat de Gènere, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::10 - Reducció de les Desigualtats, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i Benestar, Postprint (published version)

Critical thinking skills has to be sharpened particularly during the COVID19 pandemic. This circumstance leads to the lack of students passion to apply their thinking skills in doing something necessary. Therefore, it requires a learning improving critical thinking skills. This study aims to describe the critical thinking skills of chemistry education students taking part in the lecture of Team Project Based STEM-metacognitive skills. The method utilized is a Pre-Experimental Design One-Shot Case Study consists of 130 chemistry education students taking part in 3rd and 5th semester. The 3rd semester students attend lectures on the development of chemistry learning programs (P3K) and the 5th semester students attend lectures on the basics of analytical chemistry (DDKA). The instruments utilized in this research are learning scenarios, worksheets, critical thinking test instruments, critical thinking skill assessment rubrics, and project implementation feasibility observation sheets. There are three critical thinking skills very well demonstrated by students in P3K and DDKA subjects, consist of (1) strategies and tactics, (2) providing simple explanations, and (3) providing further explanations. Two other skills, namely concluding and building basic skills shown by students in the good category. The results of this study contribute to chemistry learning in the future, thus efforts are inevitably required to train critical thinking skills for prospective chemistry teachers in order to produce teachers having good thinking skills, Peer Reviewed

The Covid-19 pandemic has had major implications worldwide and has changed the business models of companies around the world. The aviation sector has been one of the most affected by the impossibility of operating at first, and the demanding restrictive measures that were then carried out. In this sense, the airlines had to adapt their business models in order to survive the pandemic, thus opening new trends towards which the market was headed. This study collects all the statistical information related to the most important airlines in Spain, classifying their business models and analyzing how they have behaved during the pandemic. By directly contrasting results and staging the changes that each period has brought about, comparisons are made in order to discern which cases have been the most successful. The work establishes, within the business model of each airline, the aspects that have had the most effect and their induced consequences, categorizing them and relativizing their impact on the future of the sector. Also, beyond the pure work of statistical compilation, a complete financial study is carried out and possible traffic scenarios are proposed for the coming years. The analysis defines the most critical factors due to the pandemic, and what changes will take place in the future. Finally, the environmental consequences of the pandemic are established, from the point of view of air traffic at both European and national level.

Purpose: The paper aims to report the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate survival strategies during the pandemic of traditional retailers. Design/methodology/approach: Exploratory methodology consisting of the literature review and an empirical study was conducted. The theoretical framework of resilience strategy was built to provide a guideline for the empirical study. The empirical study involves a longitudinal study with 30 traditional retailers located in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The empirical data was collected using semi-structured interviews in mid-2019 and mid-2020, corresponding to the condition before and during the pandemic. Secondary data sources were also examined to refine the empirical evidence. Findings: The findings confirm that the pandemic has created disruptions in supply and demand, subsequently affecting operations. 90% of the traditional retailers experienced demand reduction, which varied among the retailers (M = 47%, SD = 25%), and 10% of the traditional retailers have not received any profit. The majority of the traditional retailer adopted reactive rather than proactive strategies. To cope with the pandemic, the traditional retailers have focused on efficient strategies and implemented exploitation-oriented strategies combined with exploration-oriented strategies. Trust and social capital were also discovered to explain the reasons behind the resiliency and sustainability of the traditional retailers. Research limitations/implications: Due to the preliminary and explorative nature of the present study, the generality of the findings may therefore be limited. Future research focusing on quantitative analysis using a large sample helps to achieve the generality of the findings. Practical implications: Because the strategies implemented in large enterprises (LEs) usually do not fit in micro-, small-, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), exploring strategies that are consistent with the characteristics of MSMEs and leverage their potenti, Peer Reviewed

The Chair of Space Technology at TU Berlin continuously develops new satellite technology and software that is verified and used in various missions in orbit. 27 satellites were launched as of 2022. Many of these satellites by far outreach their design lifetime and work until today. At the same time, an increasing number of satellites not only in the academic domain is demanding for qualified operators. Hence, some of the satellites at TU Berlin are not fully operated anymore. To enable an efficient and sustainable use of those satellites, a novel hands-on student-driven project was implemented in order to utilize these aged but functional satellites to train a new generation of satellite operators. In this lecture course, students with various backgrounds are introduced to the basics of satellite operations by student tutors. Using a laboratory model of a CubeSat as a hardware-in-the-loop operations simulation, participants can collect first experiences in the university’s own Mission Control Center (MCC). Besides theoretical and practical foundations of satellite operations they gain skills in managing and coordinating satellite missions. After finishing the basic course in a theoretical and practical operations test, students qualify to participate in the advanced project giving them the opportunity to work with and operate the available satellites in orbit under supervision. Each semester, several interdisciplinary teams conduct experiments such as Earth Observation scenarios or work on related tasks like the improvement of the operations software or Human Factors of satellite operations. The pandemic has posed new challenges to this innovative educational concept, but was also a motivation to find alternative ways to teach satellite operations. The setup of simulated operations in the MCC was transformed into a combined setup of remote access and video conference. In this way, students are enabled to practice satellite operations from home. Theoretical lectures

Aquest treball de recerca analitza la situació de la Covid-19 a Espanya al llarg del període de confinament, contrastada amb la recopilació d’articles de premsa (en línia) i notícies. Aquest recull té per objectiu analitzar com es troba la situació actual del sector immobiliari, juntament amb les conseqüències que ha tingut la pandèmia sobre el camp de l’arquitectura, entenent quines situacions esdevindran arran d’això. Seguit d’això es fa una extracció dels aspectes clau que estructuraran la segona part del treball. Seguidament, s’analitzen una sèrie de casos d’estudi des del punt de vista de l’espai exterior, confirmant així per una part, la necessitat d’un a l’habitatge. A més a més també des del punt de vista de l’interior, on veiem habitatges que no poden obrir-se a l’exterior per diverses raons, han d’adaptar-se des de l’interior a través de dur a terme projectes de reformes integrals en les seves llars, on la finalitat és cercar la flexibilitat i versatilitat dels espais., Este trabajo de investigación analiza la situación de la Covid-19 en España a lo largo del periodo de confinamiento, contrastada con la recopilación de artículos de prensa (en línea) y noticias. Esta compilación tiene por objetivo analizar como se encuentra la situación actual del sector inmobiliario, junto con las consecuencias que ha tenido la pandemia sobre el campo de la arquitectura, entendiendo qué situaciones acontecerán a raíz de esto. Seguido de esto se hace una extracción de los aspectos clave que estructurarán la segunda parte del trabajo.Seguidamente, se analizan una serie de casos de estudio desde el punto de vista del espacio exterior, confirmando así por una parte, la necesidad de uno a la vivienda. Además también desde el punto de vista del interior, donde vemos viviendas que no pueden abrirse al exterior por varias razones, tienen que adaptarse desde el interior a través de llevar a cabo proyectos de reformas integrales en sus hogares, donde la finalidad es buscar la flexibilidad y versatilidad de los espacios., This research work analyses the situation of Covid-19 in Spain throughout the period of lockdown, contrasted with the collection of press articles (online) and news. This collection aims to analyse how the current situation in the property sector is, along with the consequences of the pandemic on the field of architecture, understanding what situations will follow. As a result, be able to extract the key aspects that will structure the second part of the work are removed.A number of cases of study are then analysed from the point of view of outer space, thereby confirming the need for one in the home. In addition, and not least important, also from the point of view of the interior, where we see homes that cannot be opened up to outer spaces for various reasons, they must be adapted from the inside through comprehensive reform projects in their homes, where the aim is to seek flexibility and versatility of the spaces.

This paper explores the factors influencing taxi travel in the context of COVID-19 from both demand and supply sides and provides a quantitative comparison of taxi travel characteristics and taxi industry operations before and after the epidemic. A model was established using system dynamics to simulate a taxi travel system, which was used to analyze the changes in demand and supply of taxi travel under scenarios such as closedowns, travel restrictions, etc. The analysis is based on a typical middle-sized city in China, Ningbo in Zhejiang Province, revealing factors leading to the significant drop in the amount of taxi travel due to the epidemic. The study can provide insights into impacts of public (or similar anomalous or catastrophic) events on taxi travel systems and could be useful for urban transport planning and management., Postprint (published version)

Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

The impact of the SARS-CoV pandemic has gone well beyond health concerns, reaching the maritime industry. The study on the environmental impact of shipping industry during COVID-19 pandemic can provide useful insights to propose new management policies regarding shipping operations, both in-port and on the route. We present a case study centred in the Port of Barcelona covering a 30 nautical miles range in the period March to July 2020, during which different levels of restrictions and stringent lockdown measures were enforced. In this paper, we assess the impact of COVID-19 on maritime traffic and its related emissions in port cities using real-time Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Interestingly, results show that the decline in maritime traffic is not correlated with a decrease in maritime emissions due to changes in vessel operation. During lockdown (March to June 2020), we observed a 27.9% reduction in the number of port calls compared to the pre-lockdown scenario, whereas pollutant emissions show a moderate decrease (1.8% for CO2), no significant reduction (SO2 and PM) or a slight increase (1.3% for NOx). This can be directly assigned to changes in vessel operation mode, i.e. vessels switched from Underway to At Anchor or Moored status, during which auxiliary engines are used at higher loads., Postprint (author's final draft)