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Copyright of Revista FAVE is the property of Universidad Nacional del Litoral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivou-se conhecer a epidemiologia dos principais endoparasitas gastrointestinais que acometem ovinos criados no município de Sena Madureira-Acre. Foram coletadas 178 amostras fecais de ovinos criados em sistema extensivo de 10 propriedades rurais. As amostras foram agrupadas: cordeiros, marrãs, ovelhas paridas, ovelhas solteiras e reprodutores para análise laboratorial pela técnica de flutuação para a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), oocistos de Eimeria sp. e presença de ovos de Moniezia sp. As variáveis analisadas foram: prevalência dos nematódeos, cestódeos e coccídios; intensidade de infecção por estrongilídeos e coccídios pela quantificação (média±EP) de ovos e oocistos. Os dados de prevalência foram comparados pelo teste Qui-quadrado, intensidade da infecção (média±EP) pelo teste Scott-Knott (SAEG 9.1), ambos com P < 0,05. A prevalência geral encontrada foi de 77,6%, para estrongilídeos foi 64,15%, coccídios 36,2% e cestódeos (Moniezia sp.) 8,81%. As ovelhas solteiras apresentaram a menor prevalência (52,5%), já os cordeiros apresentaram 95,5%, não diferindo das demais (P < 0,05). Quanto a intensidade da infecção por verminoses por nematódeos, os cordeiros apresentaram OPG mais elevado versus ovelhas solteiras 1297±270 vs. 232±79, respectivamente. As categorias ovelhas paridas, solteiras e reprodutores apresentaram média de OPG abaixo do que é indicado para tratamento com fármacos. A intensidade de infecção mais alta foi das marrãs (5859±3648), superando taxas aceitáveis. Ovinos criados em Sena Madureira apresentam alta prevalência para verminose por estrongilídeos, baixas prevalências para coccidiose e cestodioses. Categorias animais jovens apresentam elevado risco sanitário para as endoparasitoses, devendo-se adotar medidas de manejo que colaborem com a profilaxia e controle dessas enfermidades.

Host-parasite interactions between ticks and wild species are important for examining the ecology and distribution of ticks, as well as the consequences of these interactions for hosts and diseases. Ticks have medical importance because they are vectors of microorganisms and pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa, that can be transmitted to humans and other animals, causing serious disease. Like other anuran species, Rhinella marina also harbors a wide variety of parasites. This occurs mainly because of its large body size and because it occupies terrestrial environments, but also because it has direct contact with aquatic environments (larval and reproductive stages), thus presenting several opportunities for parasitic infections. This work has as main objective to describe the occurrences of host-parasite interactions between the species Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) and Amblyomma rotundatum (Koch, 1844) geographically expanding their occurrence in the Amazon rainforest through the Madeira River. During a herpetofauna survey, the first individual of R. marina was observed at 08:37 PM on September 20, 2020. The location is near a transect within a primary forest. This individual was parasitized by a single tick identified as Amblyomma rotundatum. On a second expedition, a second individual of R. marina was observed at 11:38 PM on January 5, 2021. The location is rural road C-01 in the municipality of Porto Velho-RO, which passes within a primary forest and deforested private properties. This individual was parasitized by nine ticks identified as Amblyomma rotundatum. An important observation to be made is that the occurrences of A. rotundatum parasitizing R. marina are 57 km apart and cross an important geographical barrier, the Madeira River of the Amazon basin. This work geographically expands the occurrence of A. rotundatum parasitism on R. marina and describes the natural histories of this host-parasite interaction of these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Armored scales and their parasitoids were collected and identified from avocado orchards in 2 municipalities of the state of Mexico; the population fluctuation and parasitism of the 3 most abundant armored scales also were determined. The armored scales species (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) identified were Hemiberlesia cyanophylli (Signoret), Davidsonaspis aguacatae (Evans, Watson, & Miller), Diaspis nr. coccois (Lichtenstein), Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), and Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock); as well as the associated parasitoids Encarsia aurantii (Howard), Encarsia citrina (Craw), Encarsia gaonae (Myartseva & Evans), Encarsia lounsburyi (Berlese & Paoli), Aphytis proclia (Walker), Coccobius averini (Myartseva); Coccobius juliae (Myartseva), Coccobius mariae (Myartseva) (all Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Signiphora falcata (Woolley & Dal Molin); Signiphora fax (Girault), Signiphora flavella (Girault), Signiphora mexicana (Ashmead) (all Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), and Plagiomerus diaspidis (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Some species from both groups constituted new distribution or host records in Mexico. Armored scale population densities generally increased per orchard and type of avocado tree structure from Oct to Apr, depending on the phenology of the avocado trees. The percentage of parasitism and adult parasitoid emergence varied according to their armored scale host population density. Most of the parasitoids emerged from armored scales collected from branches (82), followed by armored scales collected from fruits (59), and leaves (18). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have reported that the interaction between water mite larvae and their Odonata hosts affects mating success, flight, and longevity. Males and females of Odonata species collected in the steppes and coastal plains (Pampa Biome) of Rio Grande do Sul were analyzed. Mites were removed when present and the prevalence and intensity of parasites was calculated. The aim of this study was to search and report new Odonata hosts species that are parasitized by water mite larvae and also to evaluate the prevalence and intensity rates; the differences in mite occurrence and frequency between males and females, and between thorax and abdomen of the dragonflies and damselflies in the southern Pampa biome located in Rio Grande do Sul. A total of 162 larval mites were found associated to two Odonata families: Coenagrionidae (Acanthagrion lancea Selys, 1876, Ischnura capreolus Hagen, 1861 and Ischnura fluviatilis Selys, 1876) and Libelullidae (Micrathyria ocellata Martin, 1897 and Perithemis mooma Kirby, 1889). All mites were identified as Arrenurus (Arrenurus) sp. (Arrenuridae) and showed high numbers when attached to I. capreolus (55.5%), I. fluviatilis (33.3%), followed by low numbers on M. ocellata (6.1%), A. lancea (3.7%), and P. mooma (1.2%). Mites were found on males and females of I. capreolus and I. fluviatilis, females of A. lancea and P. mooma and in M. ocellata only in males. As the parasitized Odonata species are generalist and abundant in all water body types, traits associated with mating and oviposition or larval behavior are believed to explain the frequency of parasitism in these species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los actinomicetos son un reservorio enorme de antibióticos y metabolitos bioactivos y muchos de ellos son excelentes agentes de biocontrol para proteger a las plantas contra fitopatógenos. Aunque miles de antibióticos y metabolitos bioactivos han sido descritos, se cree que estos representan solo una fracción de los compuestos bioactivos producidos por los actinomicetos. En esta revisión se abordan las características generales y propiedades de los actinomicetos como agentes de control biológico, sus mecanismos a través de los cuales realizan el biocontrol y el impacto de la composición química de la pared celular de los hongos fitopatógenos en el proceso de control. Abstract Actinomycetes are an enormous reservoir for antibiotics and bioactive metabolites, and many are excellent biocontrol agents for use in protecting plants against phytopathogens. Although thousands of antibiotics and bioactive metabolites have been described, these are thought to represent only a small fraction of the bioactive compounds produced by actinomycetes. In this review, we summarize the general characteristics and properties of actinomycetes as biocontrol agents, the mechanisms through which the biocontrol occurs, as well as the impact of the phytopathogenic fungal cell wall composition in the control process. Keywords: Streptomyces, competition, parasitism, antibiosis.

Los microambientes son estructuras complejas, en donde se encuentran en equilibrio una gran cantidad de organismos microscópicos, tanto eucariotes como procariotes, que interaccionan entre ellos y con los factores abióticos del medio. Para lograr el equilibrio entre los miembros de una comunidad microbiana, se establecen interacciones que resultan benéficas o perjudiciales para una de las especies que interaccionan, o para ambas. Entre estas interacciones, se encuentran: comensalismo, simbiosis, y parasitismo, entre otras. Estas interacciones les facilita a los microorganismos la obtención de compuestos que pueden ser utilizados como substratos o como complementos, asegurando así su sobrevivencia y mantenimiento en un ecosistema. Para sobrevivir, algunos microorganismos deben producir compuestos capaces de inhibir el desarrollo de microorganismos competidores. Estos compuestos, conocidos como antimicrobianos, pueden causar daño a la célula bacteriana competidora a través de diversos mecanismos de acción, pero el fin es cumplir con el mismo objetivo, la eliminación de la competencia microbiana. La producción industrial de algunos de estos antimicrobianos, han revolucionado nuestra forma de vida, al proporcionarnos herramientas para el control de enfermedades infecciosas. Abstract Microenvironments are natural complex structures, where microscopic organisms (both, eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms) are in balance, by way of interactions among them and with the abiotic factors present in the environment. In order to achieve equilibrium between the members of a microbial community, different interactions are established, that are either beneficial or prejudicial to one or both interaction species. Among those interactions are commensalism, symbiosis and parasitism. The interactions support the acquirement of compounds that can be used as substrates or complements for microbial growth, assuring in this way, its survival and maintenance in the ecosystem. To survive, some microorganisms produce compounds capable of inhibiting the development of competitive microbiota. Those compounds, known as antimicrobials, can cause damage to the competitive microbial cell through different mechanisms of action, but the final goal is the same: to eliminate the competitive microbiota. Industrial production of some of those antimicrobials, have revolutionized our society, since they can be used to control infectious diseases. Keywords: microbial interactions, symbiosis, parasitism, competition, bacteria.

Las enfermedades causadas por hongos en las plantas son una gran preocupación en la producción agrícola. Los macromicetos son una fuente potencial de compuestos antifúngicos que podrían usarse para controlar estas enfermedades. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad biocontroladora in vitro de cuatro macromicetos de los géneros Xylaria, Agrocybe, Psilocybe y Stereum sobre diferentes hongos fitopatógenos. Para ello, se determinó la curva de crecimiento de los macrohongos en dos medios: papa dextrosa (PDA) y salvado de trigo (ST) y se caracterizaron las interacciones y la inhibición in vitro de hongos fitopatógenos. Se realizó la extracción y caracterización de metabolitos secundarios de la biomasa, el medio extracelular y del homogeneizado del micelio y caldo en los hongos con mayor porcentaje de inhibición. Finalmente, se evaluó la actividad antifúngica in vitro de estos extractos. Las curvas de crecimiento cambiaron con la fuente de carbono, tres de cuatro macrohongos mostraron una mayor acumulación de biomasa en PDA que en ST. Las interacciones de Xylaria se clasificaron principalmente como reemplazo, obteniendo el mayor nivel de antagonismo en PDADos de los tres extractos evaluados mostraron actividad antifúngica contra los tres patógenos aislados en concentraciones de 18 μg/ml para extractos metanólicos de biomasa y 2,5 % para el filtrado de homogeneizado con inhibiciones de 10 % a 80 %. La caracterización de los metabolitos de Xylaria mostró como posibles compuestos responsables de la actividad a los ácidos grasos. Este trabajo mostró el potencial de estos hongos para el control de enfermedades fúngicas.

A Mieloencefalite Protozoária Equina é uma doença que acomete os equinos e asininos pela ocorrência e formação de cistos na medula espinhal e sistema nervoso central de merozoítos de Sarcocystis neurona e Neospora hughesi. De maneira geral, equinos são hospedeiros intermediários acidentais de S. neurona quando ingerem oocistos liberados nas fezes de gambás (Didelphis spp.) que são os hospedeiros definitivos. Embora a ocorrência e associação da doença já tenham sido feita com N. hughesi, a biologia e transmissão do agente não são totalmente esclarecidos, embora devam se assemelhar a Neospora caninum. O quadro clínico em equinos cursa com sintomatologia de ordem neurológica e o prognóstico não é favorável. Alguns casos da doença já foram descobertos na mesorregião do Sudoeste Goiano, embora os dados não tenham sido publicados, o que tem chamado a atenção de médicos veterinários e pesquisadores da região. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho de conclusão de curso é fazer uma revisão sobre a Mieloencefalite Protozoária Equina, explicando aspectos de etiologia, biologia, epidemiologia, patogenia, sinais clínicos, diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção da doença.

Se describe el nido de Stenosigma panamensis Ferreira y Hermes, 2018 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) y el parasitismo ejercido por la avispa Photocryptus sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) recolectada durante observaciones realizadas en el bosque protector Palo Seco, Bocas del Toro, Panamá.

Copyright of Iheringia. Série Zoologia is the property of Fundacao Zoobotanica do Rio Grande do Sul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Burkholderia is an ambivalent genus because some of its species establish symbiotic-mutualistic relationships with plants, and symbiotic-pathogenic relationships with plants, animals, and humans. Since the phytopathogenic bacterium B. cepacia was reported as a nosocomial opportunist, associated with cystic fibrosis, the concern about possible infections in humans arose. The objective of this contribution was to make an analysis of Burkholderia's functional versatility and its effect on human health. Burkholderia harbored about 100 species and the B. cepacia complex (BCC) consisting of 22 species. At the beginning, the existence of two lineages within the genus was determined: the A that included several species that were associated with plants, as well as the saprophytes; and B containing BCC species (human pathogenic opportunists), the B. pseudomallei subgroup that included human and animal pathogens, and a group of plant pathogenic species. Finally, some individuals were renamed as Paraburkholderia and Caballeronia. Recent analyzes of burkholderias from humans and the environment indicate that there is no phylogenetic subdivision that distinguishes between beneficial and pathogenic ones. Hence the importance of considering risks to human health, when any member of this group is employed in agricultural activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasitism is an interaction between two species, in which one can thrive on the other's detriment. Enteroparasitosis are grave public health problem globally, being the children the most prevalent host. This study had as objective to evaluate school-age children's enteroparasitic epidemiological profile in the city of Ji-Paraná, RO. This research was conducted on samples from the Fundação Ji-Cred, the Escola de Ensino Fundamental Doutor Lourenço Pereira de Lima and the Escola de Ensino Fundamental Professor Almir Zandonadi in the period April to December in the year of 2019, under the approval of the Research Ethics Committee (n° 2.896.439, September 15th in the year of 2018). We adopted the laboratorial analysis the Hoffman, Pons and Janer method, being the present study classified a cross-sectional study. During the research's period, we collected 124 biological samples, where 29% (n=36) were positive and 71% (n=88) were negative. In positive results, we noted the parasites: Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana and Giardia lamblia. Through this study, we verified that the number of positive cases are low on the samples; however, the constant educational work should guide the standard efforts to prevent these diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Orinoquia is the property of Universidad de los Llanos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Little is known about the effect of adult leafhopper age and its oviposition period on the emergence of egg parasitoids. The objective of this study was to determine the emergence rate of egg parasitoids that attack eggs of the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), when the adult corn leafhopper differs in age and is subject to different lengths of time for the oviposition process. A total of 4 treatments compared adult females of D. maidis of 2 different ages, young (2-wk-old) and mature (8-wk-old), as well as 2 periods of oviposition of different lengths (3 and 6 d). The adult parasitoids emerging from the eggs of D. maidis were Anagrus virlai Triapitsyn and Anagrus columbi Perkins (both Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). When analyzing the interactions of leafhopper age at oviposition, it was found that the age of the leafhopper females (2-wk-old vs 8-wk-old) had a different effect on the number of oviposited eggs for the 2 oviposition periods. On the other hand, in the emergence of parasitoids, there were no significant differences between age and oviposition period, but the emergence of parasitoids was related to the number of eggs oviposited by D. maidis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Biológica Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

White rot produced by Sclerotium cepivorum is the main limitation to garlic production in Colombia causing losses that exceed 50%. The absence of quality seed contributes to its dissemination and infestation in sowing areas, the main control strategy is the application of fungicides; therefore, it is necessary to integrate management alternatives that promote its sustainability. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine under controlled conditions the potential of control for S. cepivorum with microbial antagonists and essential oils. The effect on the pathogen's growth was determined in PDA supplemented with each oil and for the antagonists its ability to degrade sclerotia. In soil infested with sclerotia was determined the effect on incidence and mortality reduction with the applications of the antagonists and selected oils. The results showed that exposure to eucalyptus (10,000 ppm) and oregano (200; 250 ppm) oils inhibited by 92% growth of the pathogen, while antagonists colonized more than 95% of sclerotia, causing their degradation. While in infested soil they showed a control between 30 and 70%, being Trichoderma asperellum Th034 which presented the lowest incidence and mortality (21%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Devido à escassez de trabalhos relacionados ao parasitismo no mundo, sendo assim, percebe-se a importância de realizar uma revisão bibliográfica em artigos científicos, dissertações e teses em bancos de dados e periódicos de fácil acesso para os estudantes e pesquisadores acerca das ocorrências de parasitas em M. mola entre os anos de 1904 - 2017. A espécie de peixe conhecida popularmente como peixe lua (Mola mola: Molidae) são encontrados em todos os oceanos do mundo. O parasitismo pode ser uma das possíveis causas de encalhe desta família no Brasil, uma vez que existe um número de publicações cientificas reduzida de relatos de ocorrência da espécie M. mola. Foram encontrados 51 trabalhos relacionados a parasitos da espécie Mola mola no mundo, no estudo foram registradas 44 espécies de parasitos e 9 espécies são sinônimos, ou seja, são parasitos conhecidos por mais de um nome. O estudos possibilitou encontrar a ocorrência de parasitária em M. mola nos cinco filos e nos cinco continentes, destes houve maior registro de ocorrência parasitária na Europa nos filos Platylhelminte (n=28), Arthopoda (n=15) e Nematoda (n=1) e na América os filos Acanthocephala (n=1), Platylhelmintes (n=27) e Arthopoda (n=15), Oceania Platylhelmintes (n=7), Nematoda (n=1) e Arthopoda (n=14), na Ásia foram registrados os filos Platylhelmintes (n=3) e Arthopoda (n=5), na África foram registrados estudos apenas no filo Arthopoda (n=10) e algumas espécies os artigos científicos não identificaram o localidade do parasito encontrado impossibilitando de registrar o continente (NI) apresentou registro de parasitos nos filos Platylhelmintes (n=7), Arthopoda (n=3). Percebe-se a importância dos trabalhos de revisão de literatura, pois facilita o trabalho de futuros pesquisadores em agilizar a pesquisa.

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o parasitismo gastrointestinal em gatos atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da UFRGS (HCV/UFRGS), no período de 2014 a 2016. Foram analisadas amostras fecais de 339 felinos domiciliados da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS. As amostras foram processadas pelos métodos de Willis-Mollay, Lutz e Faust. Do total, 31,85% (108) apresentaram resultado positivo. Os parasitos de maior prevalência foram Ancylostoma spp. (40,74%), Cystoisospora spp. (21,29%) e Toxocara spp. (12,96%). Conclui-se que a prevalência mais alta ocorreu no ano de 2016, sem diferença para machos e fêmeas. Mesmo em baixa prevalência, parasitos dos gêneros Paragonimus, Spirometra e Giardia demandam atenção devido ao potencial zoonótico, o que torna o papel do médico veterinário de extrema importância participando da difusão e conscientização sobre a relevância destas parasitoses.

Las moscas de las frutas (Tephritoidea: Tephritidae y Lonchaeidae) son una de las principales plagas de la fruticultura a nivel mundial. El conocimiento de las interacciones que presentan las moscas frugívoras con sus plantas hospederas y parasitoides es necesario para el desarrollo de programas de manejo integrado de estas plagas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las relaciones tritróficas (plantas hospederas, moscas frugívoras y parasitoides) en un parche de bosque seco tropical en el Centro Universitario Regional del Norte del municipio de Armero-Guayabal, Tolima. Se colectaron frutos de 35 especies de plantas. Los frutos se transportaron al laboratorio y se dispusieron en forma individual para la posterior pupación y emergencia de moscas y/o parasitoides. Se registraron 2.940 larvas en frutos de 15 especies de plantas. De estas larvas se obtuvieron adultos de seis especies de Tephritidae (cinco de Anastrepha y Toxotrypana curvicauda) y ocho de Lonchaeidae (seis de Neosilba y dos de Lonchaea). Los tefrítidos fueron los más abundantes y causaron los mayores porcentajes de daño (0-83,31%) e índices de infestación (0-10,32 larvas/fruto y 0-463,37 larvas/kg frutos), y los lonquéidos fueron más polífagos con 12 plantas hospederas. Ambas familias compartieron hospederos y se presentaron cohabitando un mismo fruto. Cuando se encuentran en simpatría las especies de Anastrepha tienden a no compartir sus plantas hospederas o un mismo fruto. Las especies de Neosilba si comparten hospederos y frutos. Se encontraron cinco especies de parasitoides. Nuevos registros y asociaciones de plantas hospederas, moscas frugívoras y parasitoides se presentan para Colombia.

Se determinaron las causas de decomisos de hígados, corazones y riñones en un matadero porcino de la Empresa Cárnica en la provincia de Ciego de Ávila, Cuba. Se evaluaron 90 913 animales. Las principales causas de decomiso fueron las llamadas “manchas de leche” y cisticercosis en hígado; lesiones parasitarias por Stephanurus dentatus y otras de diferentes orígenes en riñón como quistes renales, la contaminación y nefritis y la presencia de pericarditis.

Costa Rica es un país privilegiado en cuanto a su abundante flora y fauna la cual alberga en sus ricos nichos ecológicos una exuberante naturaleza de la que nos preciamos a nivel internacional. A pesar de ser un país pequeño en donde realmente en pocas horas, podemos ir de costa a costa y de frontera a frontera, la cantidad de especies de plantas y de animales que poseemos constituyen un verdadero ejemplo de naturaleza viviente. De esto podemos dar fe quienes por razón de nuestros estudios, que luego resumiremos, hemos tenido el privilegio de observar.

Fruit flies are among the main groups of phytophagous insects. Their larvae, when feeding on the pulp or seeds of the host fruits, can cause rot and favor the entrance of pathogens. Thus, the objectives of this study was: (1) To know the trophic associations between species of parasitoids and fruit flies in the Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena (PNSB)-MS, Brazil. (2) To inventory the parasitoid species associated with fruit flies in fruit trees in the Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena. Monthly expeditions were carried out (From Jan 2017 to Feb 2018) in order to collect the fruits and obtain the fruit flies (Tephritidae) and their respective parasitoids. The collected fruits were transported to the laboratory of frugivorous insects (LIF) of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD)-MS. The fruit fly larvae were daily collected and placed in transparent acrylic cups containing sterilized sand, where they remained till the emergence of adults and their parasitoids. Twenty-Three adult Tephritid parasitoids were recovered, represented by two species of Braconidae: Doryctobracon areolatus (18) and Utetes anastrephae (5), both infesting Anastrepha species: Anastrepha fraterculus, A. sororcula and A. striata in Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava and Eugenia myrcianthes. Doryctobracon areolatus and Utetes anastrephae are reported for the first time parasiting Anastrepha species in Eugenia myrcianthes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For many years sheep breeding has greatly benefitted Brazilian agribusiness and world economy, with herds mainly concentrated in the northeastern and southern regions of the country. However, although there has been a growing demand in meat, milk and wool, limitations due to numberless conditions in sanitary management are present. Gastrointestinal parasitosis interferes directly in the herds' health. Current analysis evaluates the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep herds in Canoinhas and Três Barras SC Brazil. Fecal samples of 103 pure and crossbreed sheep and different age brackets from four herds were examined between May and June 2019 by Gordon and Whitlock technique and coproculture. Variables (race, age, genus and herd) were analyzed by Student and chi square tests, demonstrating 67.96% of sampled sheep with oocytes of genus Eimeria and 80.58% positive for gastrointestinal helminth eggs, featuring the order Strongylida and genera Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp. and Moniezia sp. Further, 64.08% had mixed infection by helminths and protozoa. Larvae identified by coproculture showed infection by genera Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum, Trichostrongylus Cooperia and Ostertagia. Degree of parasite infection provided statistical difference for Strongylida helminths when lambs and adult animals were compared (p=0.011). Genera Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus proved to be the most important and abundant in gastrointestinal parasitism in sheep in the northern plateau of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Academica Ciencia Animal is the property of Revista Academica Ciencia Animal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo de esta investigación fue aislar hongos asociados a pústulas de roya (Kuehneola spp.), para seleccionar cepas con algún efecto antagonista sobre el agente causal de esta enfermedad, en 7 localidades de la Zona de Los Santos y Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica. Se realizaron muestreos en plantaciones de mora cultivadas orgánicamente para obtener distintos hongos y determinar su posible acción antagónica contra el agente causal. El estudio se extendió por espacio de un año (junio 2011-junio 2012), periodo en el cual se realizaron recolecciones mensuales para incluir la mayor diversidad de eventuales biocontroladores durante un ciclo. Del material recolectado se logró aislar un total de 11 géneros diferentes de hongos: Pestalotia spp., Sphaeropsis sp., Botrytis sp., Verticillium sp., Macrophomina sp., Cladosporium spp., Phoma sp., Colletotrichum spp., Rhizoctonia sp., Libertella sp., Paecilomyces sp., y varios micelios estériles no identificados. Para establecer el posible efecto antagonista de los hongos, se realizaron ensayos in vitro con el fin de determinar su capacidad supresora, sobre la germinación de las uredósporas de Kuehneola spp. De todos los aislamientos, los que resultaron significativamente distintos a su respectivo testigo fueron los del género Cladosporium. Para determinar diferencias significativas entre estos aislamientos se realizaron comparaciones entre ellos y se estableció que todos los aislamientos afectaron de igual forma la germinación de uredósporas y solamente Clados4 inhibió por completo la germinación.

Se realizó el aislamiento, identificación y evaluación in vitro y en campo de hongos antagonistas de Botrytis cinerea Pers., en plantaciones de mora. La obtención de organismos antagonistas se hizo en Cartago en las localidades de La Luchita, Bajo Canet, Jardín y División durante el 2012. De los frutos se obtuvo un grupo de 43 aislamientos pertenecientes a 10 géneros distintos de los hongos: Aspergillus sp., Bispora sp., Cladosporium spp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Macrophoma sp., Paecilomyces spp., Pestalotia spp., Rhizoctonia sp., y Trichoderma spp. A todos los aislamientos se les realizaron pruebas de capacidad antagónica, mediante la técnica de cultivos duales, competencia por sustrato y antibiosis. Se seleccionaron solamente los aislamientos que superaron un 70% del PIC, y estos fueron 4 aislamientos (BC1, J14, J2.2 y J2.1) del género Trichoderma spp. Para las pruebas de campo se utilizaron 3 aislamientos (BC1, J2.2 y J2.1) del presente trabajo y 3 (BV1, SM13B y SM18) del mismo género previamente aislados. Las pruebas de campo se realizaron en el 2013. Los aislamientos de Trichoderma spp., que tuvieron estadísticamente (p≤0,0001) mayor efecto sobre B. cinerea fueron BV1 y BC1, los cuales dieron menos frutos enfermos.

ABSTRACT The population of wild animals is regulated by many biotic and abiotic factors, and parasites are a biotic factor that affects the dynamic and density of host populations. From 2002 to 2014, 62 wild animals from the biomes Pantanal, Amazon, and "Cerrado" (or Savanna), which died in attendance in the veterinary hospital or have been road-killed, underwent necropsy for parasitological examination. Overall, 36 species of parasites were identified from 24 host species. Among the parasites, the most prevalent order was Oxyurida (29.1%), followed by Strongylida (20.9%), Spirurida (19.4%), Ascaridida (16.2%), Pentastomida (3.2%), Echinostomida (3.2%), Gygantorhynchia (3.2%), Rhabditida (1.6%), Plagiorchiida (1.6%), and Monilimorfida (1.6%), especially nematodes, which have more biotic potential and is more easily adapted to the environment than other classes. The occurrence of endoparasites was observed more frequently in endothermic than ectothermic animals, and herein is reported eleven new host occurrences for endoparasites in wild animals. The study has contributed to the knowledge on the biodiversity of parasites in wild animals from three biomes in central-western Brazil.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to correlate Streblidae parasitism rates with temperature and humidity as well as sex, age and reproductive condition of Artibeus bats. Streblidae specimens were collected during two years in the Tinguá Biological Reserve and in two areas inside buffer zone, located in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro State and preserved as wet specimens. The abundance of Streblidae species parasitizing Artibeus was analyzed, and no differences were found between them. However, the number of females parasitizing Artibeus fimbriatus was higher. Moreover, regarding sex, Artibeus females were more parasitized, particularly A. fimbriatus and A. lituratus. There was no correlation between mean intensity of infestation and body mass index of Artibeus species, even when correlated to abiotic data. This study contributes to better understand the parasitism on Artibeus by Streblidae, and based on results, it is clear that Streblidae show no preferences in terms of reproductive condition, body size, age, sex, temperature and humidity in parasitizing Artibeus species.

RESUMO Moscas Streblidae ocorrem exclusivamente em morcegos e estão mundialmente distribuídas, com uma alta riqueza de moscas e hospedeiros no Brasil. Entretanto, o conhecimento dos aspectos ecológicos dessa relação é limitado à descrição das associações. O objetivo nesse trabalho foi caracterizar a comunidade de moscas ectoparasitas e de seus possíveis padrões de associação em uma área periurbana de Cerrado. Os morcegos foram capturados entre fevereiro e julho de 2011, com um esforço amostral de 9.504 h.m2. Os ectoparasitas foram coletados e identificados. A relação parasito-hospedeiro foi determinada usando índices como prevalência, intensidade média de infestação e especificidade. Capturamos 161 morcegos de sete espécies, dos quais 29,81% (n = 48) apresentaram-se infestados. Encontramos 83 moscas de seis espécies de Streblidae, com duas associações acidentais e oito associações não acidentais. A maior prevalência e intensidade de infestação foram verificadas na associação entre Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) e Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966. Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823) também apresentou elevadas taxas de prevalência, enquanto Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) e Sturnira lilium (E, Geoffroy, 1810) revelaram baixas prevalências de infestação. Quatro espécies de Streblidae foram consideradas monoxênicas e duas oligoxênicas, o que é indicado pela análise de especificidade, o que demonstra o predomínio de espécies monoxênicas já relatado em outros trabalhos.

Se presentan los siguientes dos registros de parasitismo en la República de Panamá: de una pupa de Historis odius(Fabricius, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) emergieron al menos cinco Brachymeria annulata(Crawford, 1914) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) y de una ooteca de Liturgusasp. (Mantodea: Liturgusidae) nacieron 29 especímenes de Anastatussp. (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae). De una segunda ooteca de Liturgusasp emergieron cuatro ninfas; sin la presencia de parasitimo.

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de agentes zoonóticos en caninos y felinos en Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se muestrearon 1501 individuos para el análisis de parásitos gastrointestinales zoonóticos por medio de coprología directa y flotación. Se examinaron 500 sueros caninos por medio de PARP-2ME y MAT para el diagnóstico de Brucella canis y Leptospira sp, respectivamente. Se procesaron 500 sueros felinos por medio de IFI para el diagnóstico de Toxoplasma gondii. Se estableció la frecuencia para cada zoonosis y la significancia estadística para las diferentes variables (p≤0.05; OR≥1; IC 95%). Resultados. El 23.6% de los caninos y 16.3% de los felinos fueron positivos a parásitos gastrointestinales, siendo los Ancylostomideos y D. caninum los más prevalente, respectivamente; la especie, edad, sexo, sector, estrato socioeconómico y el mes de muestreo presentaron asociaciones con el parasitismo gastrointestinal en mascotas. En caninos se evidenció una seroprevalencia del 6.6% para B. canis y 8.4% para Leptospira sp; en felinos del 56.2% para T. gondii. Todas las anteriores asociadas con la zona de muestreo, mes, edad y estrato. Conclusiones. Las mascotas ubicadas en diferentes comunas y estratos socioeconómicos con condiciones de calidad de vida menores representan un riesgo de transmisión zoonótica.

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ratio of Ceratitis capitata larvae/female of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata that results in the increase of parasitism and the production of females in the progeny. We used 8-day-old copulated D. longicaudata females with oviposition parasite experience and third instar larvae of C. capitata from rearing stock maintained at the Laboratory of Biological Control of Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes). Five densities of C. capitata larvae (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50) were offered to parasitoid females that were at five different densities (1, 2, 5, 10, and 15). The larvae were exposed to the parasitoid females by means of “parasitism units” in adapted cages for 1 hour. Sex ratio, percentage of parasitism, and pupal mortality were evaluated. Both host larval density and female parasite density influenced parasitism, female progeny production, and pupal mortality. Higher female production was observed in the progeny in ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 (larvae/females). Ratios above 1:2 reduced the sex ratio, and ratios below 1:1 caused high pupal mortality rates. The females had higher parasitism activity when they were in groups dividing the same space. Equal ratios of Ceratitis capitata larvae and parasitoid females resulted in improved efficiency in progeny females.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the parasitological profiles of traction equids from the semi-arid climate of Paraíba (PB) State. We analyzed 96 equids that performed traction work, with no defined breed, males and females, and all older than 24 months. Among the analyzed animals, 51% were donkeys, 41.7% mules, and 7.3% horses. Fecal material and blood were collected for parasitological examination and to determine the packed cell volume (PCV), respectively. The samples were sent to the Veterinary Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary Hospital - IFPB, Sousa-PB campus, and epidemiological questionnaires were provided to the owners. It was observed that 83.3% of equids tested positive for gastrointestinal parasites. Strongylidae was the most prevalent parasite (83.3%), followed by Giardia sp. (5.3%), and Eimeria sp. (2.1%). The mean eggs per gram (EPG) value of the fecal samples was 1143. Fecal analysis revealed that 78.9% of the larvae were from “small strongyles”. The presence of ectoparasites was not observed in the studied animals. The answers to our questionnaire revealed that 69.8% of the animals had never been dewormed and that the remaining 31.2% had only been dewormed once. We concluded that the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among traction equids in the municipality of Sousa-PB is high.

Abstract Mammals captured in the Serra dos Órgãos National Park (PARNASO) and the Pedra Branca State Park (PBSP) between 2012 and 2015 were examined for the presence of ticks. In total, 140 mammals were examined, and 34 specimens were found to be parasitized by ticks. Didelphis aurita, Akodon montensis and Oligoryzomys nigripes were the species most parasitized. From these specimens, 146 ticks were collected, including 10 larvae. The ticks belonged to eight species: one in the genus Ixodes and seven in the genus Amblyomma. This study reports new associations of ticks and wild mammals in Brazil.

Abstract This work aimed to assessing Strongyluris sp. cysts distribution pattern in the several inner organs from pallial system of Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822. Also we verified if there is a relationship between the mollusk size and the number of specimens from parasites collected from two touristic villages in Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro state): Vila Dois Rios (VDR) and Vila do Abraão (ABR). The samples were obtained through a field work conducted bimonthly during 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2011, at both locations. Height and width were measured from shells collected, and the all specimens were classified in different classes: class 1 -

Effectors have become the cornerstone of all investigations related to the interaction of parasites and their hosts, how they regulate the processes of infection at a molecular level, and how these molecules have evolved seem to be the most important issues that will have to be addressed in the following years. These new lines of research will be subject to the enormous progress that the next generation of sequencing technologies will have, and with them a paradigm shift in our vision of complex systems. However, there remain many questions to be elucidated about effectors, for example, how these proteins interact spatially and temporally in their hosts, possible co-operation between effectors, and the existence of protein complexes within host cells. This leads to the following questions: Do the effectors have the capacity for phenotypic expression beyond the genes that encode them? And above all, why are these proteins so widespread on a huge range of evolutionarily distant pathogens?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iheringia. Série Zoologia is the property of Fundacao Zoobotanica do Rio Grande do Sul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the brown marmorated stink bug, an invasive agricultural pest in America and Europe, is reaching a global distribution. In the US, the first detection of H. halys was in the mid–1990s, and it has become a serious pest in multiple crop systems. In 2014, an exotic egg parasitoid, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), was documented parasitizing sentinel H. halys egg masses in a wooded habitat in Beltsville, Maryland, USA. The parasitoid has since been reported in several other locations in the eastern and western US, and its population appears to be expanding in geographic range. However, there have been no reports of T. japonicus parasitizing H. halys egg masses within cultivated crops in the US. Whereas attack of H. halys in non-agricultural habitat may provide important biological control services in the landscape, if T. japonicus is not able to successfully forage for H. halys eggs within crops, its impact as a biological control agent may be limited. Here we report on successful parasitism of egg masses deployed in 2 peach orchards in New Jersey, USA. Egg masses were deployed as part of an experiment investigating the efficacy of an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy utilizing border insecticide sprays in apple and peach. While overall egg parasitism was low, the majority of successfully developing parasitoids (97.4% of total adult parasitoids emerging, and from 75% of successfully parasitized sentinel egg masses) were T. japonicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]