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58. Optimisation of Multilayer Insulation: an Engineering Approach

Author

Chorowski, M, Grzegory, P, Parente, C, and Riddone, G

Subjects
Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract

A mathematical model has been developed to describe the heat flux through multilayer insulation (MLI). The total heat flux between the layers is the result of three distinct heat transfer modes: radiation, residual gas conduction and solid spacer conduction. The model describes the MLI behaviour considering a layer-to-layer approach and is based on an electrical analogy, in which the three heat transfer modes are treated as parallel thermal impedances. The values of each of the transfer mode vary from layer to layer, although the total heat flux remains constant across the whole MLI blanket. The model enables the optimisation of the insulation with regard to different MLI parameters, such as residual gas pressure, number of layers and boundary temperatures. The model has been tested with experimental measurements carried out at CERN and the results revealed to be in a good agreement, especially for insulation vacuum between 10-5 Pa and 10-3 Pa.

Published
2001

59. Neutron Powder Diffraction Measurements of the Spinel MgGa 2 O 4 :Cr 3+ - A Comparative Study between the High Flux Diffractometer D2B at the ILL and the High Resolution Powder Diffractometer Aurora at IPEN

Author

Silva, M A F M da, Sosman, L P, Yokaichiya, F, Mazzocchi, V L, Parente, C B R, Mestnik-Filho, J, Henry, P F, Bordallo, H N, Silva, M A F M da, Sosman, L P, Yokaichiya, F, Mazzocchi, V L, Parente, C B R, Mestnik-Filho, J, Henry, P F, and Bordallo, H N

Abstract

Optical materials that emit from the visible to the near-infrared spectral region are of great interest due to their possible application as tunable radiation sources, as signal transmission, display, optoelectronics signal storage, cellulose industry as well as in dosimetry. One important family of such systems are the spinel compounds doped with Cr 3+ , in which the physical the properties are related to the insertion of punctual defects in the crystalline structure. The purpose of our work is two fold. First, we compare the luminescence of the MgGa 2 O 4 -Ga 2 O 3 system with the single phase Ga 2 O 3 and MgGa 2 O 4 and relate structural changes observed in MgGa 2 O 4 -Ga 2 O 3 system to the optical properties, and secondly, to compare the neutron powder diffraction results obtained using two diffractometers: D2B located at the ILL (Grenoble, France) and Aurora located at IPEN (São Paulo, Brazil). In the configuration chosen, Aurora shows an improved resolution, which is related to the design of its silicon focusing monochromator.

Published
2012

60. Neutron powder diffraction measurements of the spinel MgGa 2O4:Cr3+ - A comparative study between the high flux diffractometer D2B at the ILL and the high resolution powder diffractometer Aurora at IPEN

Author

Da Silva, M. A.F.M., Sosman, L. P., Yokaichiya, F., Mazzocchi, V. L., Parente, C. B.R., Mestnik-Filho, J., Henry, P. F., Bordallo, H. N., Da Silva, M. A.F.M., Sosman, L. P., Yokaichiya, F., Mazzocchi, V. L., Parente, C. B.R., Mestnik-Filho, J., Henry, P. F., and Bordallo, H. N.

Abstract

Optical materials that emit from the visible to the near-infrared spectral region are of great interest due to their possible application as tunable radiation sources, as signal transmission, display, optoelectronics signal storage, cellulose industry as well as in dosimetry. One important family of such systems are the spinel compounds doped with Cr3+, in which the physical the properties are related to the insertion of punctual defects in the crystalline structure. The purpose of our work is two fold. First, we compare the luminescence of the MgGa2O4-Ga2O 3 system with the single phase Ga2O3 and MgGa2O4 and relate structural changes observed in MgGa2O4-Ga2O3 system to the optical properties, and secondly, to compare the neutron powder diffraction results obtained using two diffractometers: D2B located at the ILL (Grenoble, France) and Aurora located at IPEN (São Paulo, Brazil). In the configuration chosen, Aurora shows an improved resolution, which is related to the design of its silicon focusing monochromator.

Published
2012

61. Instrumentation, Field Network And Process Automation for the LHC Cryogenic Line Tests

Author

Bager, T, Balle, C, Bertrand, G, Casas-Cubillos, J, Gomes, P, Parente, C, Riddone, G, and Suraci, A

Subjects
Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract

This paper describes the cryogenic control system and associated instrumentation of the test facility for 3 pre-series units of the LHC Cryogenic Distribution Line. For each unit, the process automation is based on a Programmable Logic Con-troller implementing more than 30 closed control loops and handling alarms, in-terlocks and overall process management. More than 160 sensors and actuators are distributed over 150 m on a Profibus DP/PA network. Parameterization, cali-bration and diagnosis are remotely available through the bus. Considering the diversity, amount and geographical distribution of the instru-mentation involved, this is a representative approach to the cryogenic control system for CERN's next accelerator.

Published
2000

62. Experimental and Mathematical Analysis of Multilayer Insulation below 80 K

Author

Chorowski, M, Grzegory, P, Parente, C, and Riddone, G

Subjects
Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract

The Large Hadron Collider [1], presently under construction at CERN, will make an extensive use of multilayer insulation system (MLI). The total surface to be insulated will be of about 80000 m2. A mathematical model has been developed to describe the heat flux through MLI from 80 K to 4.2 K. The total heat flux between the layers is the result of three distinct heat transfer modes: radiation, residual gas conduction and solid conduction. The mathematical model enables prediction of MLI behavior with regard to different MLI parameters, such as gas insulation pressure, number of layers and boundary temperatures. The calculated values have been compared to the experimental measurements carried out at CERN. Theoretical and experimental results revealed to be in good agreement, especially for insulation vacuum between 10-5 Pa and 10-3 Pa.

Published
2000

63. A Cryogenic Test Set-Up for the Qualification of Pre-Series Test Cells for the LHC Cryogenic Distribution Line

Author

Livran, J, Mourou, G A, Parente, C, Riddone, G, Rybkowski, D, and Veillet, N

Subjects
Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract

Three pre-series Test Cells of the LHC Cryogenic Distribution Line (QRL) [1], manufactured by three European industrial companies, will be tested in the year 2000 to qualify the design chosen and verify the thermal and mechanical performances. A dedicated test stand (170 m x 13 m) has been built for extensive testing and performance assessment of the pre-series units in parallel. They will be fed with saturated liquid helium at 4.2 K supplied by a mobile helium dewar. In addition, LN2 cooled helium will be used for cool-down and thermal shielding. For each of the three pre-series units, a set of end boxes has been designed and manufactured at CERN. This paper presents the layout of the cryogenic system for the pre-series units, the calorimetric methods as well as the results of the thermal calculation of the end box test.

Published
2000

70. COMMISSIONING OF THE CRYOGENICS OF THE LHC LONG STRAIGHT SECTIONS

Author

Perin, A., primary, Casas-Cubillos, J., additional, Claudet, S., additional, Darve, C., additional, Ferlin, G., additional, Millet, F., additional, Parente, C., additional, Rabehl, R., additional, Soubiran, M., additional, van Weelderen, R., additional, Wagner, U., additional, and Weisend, J. G., additional

Published
2010
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73. Land Surface Temperature from Landsat 5 TM images: comparison of different methods using airborne thermal data.

Author

Giannini, M. B., Belfiore, O. R., Parente, C., and Santamaria, R.

Subjects
LAND surface temperature, LANDSAT satellites, COMPARATIVE studies, THERMAL analysis, IMAGE processing, NORMALIZED difference vegetation index
Abstract

In this study, several methods to compute land surface temperatures (LST) from Landsat TM5 data are compared. Two different approaches are considered. An image based approach that takes into account atmospherically corrected data by using a dark object subtraction model (DOS-1) and computes the emissivity as NDVI function. The emissivity of a surface is controlled by such factors as water content, chemical composition, structure and roughness; it can be determined as the contribution of the different components that belong to the pixels according to their proportions. NDVI method takes into account that vegetation and soils are the main surface cover for the terrestrial component. This emissivity is used to compute the LST by the inversion of Planck function. The other approach applies atmospheric correction to thermal infrared band and considers a constant emissivity of 0.95. Furthermore, the land surface temperature is computed by hybrid methods that result from the merger of the two initially considered approaches. These results are compared with the surface temperature measured by airborne Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer (MIVIS). The LST measured by MIVIS sensor can be considered closer to the real surface temperature because the data are acquired at an altitude of 1500 m and are not affected by significant atmospheric effects such as for satellite data, acquired at 705 km from the Earth's surface. The best results are obtained by considering variable emissivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015

77. The Local Helium Compound Transfer Lines for the Large Hadron Collider Cryogenic System.

Author

Parente, C., Allen, W., Munday, A., and Wiggins, P.

Subjects
*HELIUM, *COLLIDERS (Nuclear physics), *HADRONS, *LOW temperature engineering, *REFRIGERATION & refrigerating machinery, *TEMPERATURE
Abstract

The cryogenic system for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) under construction at CERN will include twelve new local helium transfer lines distributed among five LHC points in underground caverns. These lines, being manufactured and installed by industry, will connect the cold boxes of the 4.5-K refrigerators and the 1.8-K refrigeration units to the cryogenic interconnection boxes. The lines have a maximum of 30-m length and may possess either small or large re-distribution units to allow connection to the interface ports. Due to space restrictions the lines may have complex routings and require several elbowed sections. The lines consist of a vacuum jacket, a thermal shield and either three or four helium process pipes. Specific internal and external supporting and compensation systems were designed for each line to allow for thermal contraction of the process pipes (or vacuum jacket, in case of a break in the insulation vacuum) and to minimise the forces applied to the interface equipment. Whenever possible, flexible hoses were used instead of bellows to allow for thermal compensation of the process pipes. If necessary, compensation units were integrated in the vacuum jacket. The thermal design was performed to fulfil the specified heat-load budget. This paper presents the main technical design choices for the lines together with their expected performance. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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78. Commissioning of the LHC Cryogenic System: Subsystems Cold Commissioning in Preparation of Full Sector Tests.

Author

Calzas, C., Ferlin, G., Gilbert, N., Gruehagen, H., Knoops, S., Parente, C., Sanmarti, M., and Serio, L.

Subjects
LARGE Hadron Collider, SUPERCOLLIDERS, LOW temperature engineering, REFRIGERATION & refrigerating machinery, TEMPERATURE
Abstract

The cryogenic system for the Large Hadron Collider accelerator is presently in its final phase of installation and commissioning at nominal operating temperatures. The refrigeration capacity for the LHC will be produced using eight large cryogenic plants installed on five technical sites and distributed around the 26.7-km circumference ring located in a deep underground tunnel. The status of the cryogenic system commissioning is presented together with the experience gained in operating and commissioning it. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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82. Soluble CD30 Antigen in Human Colostrum

Author

Bertotto, A., primary, Vagliasindi, C., additional, Gerli, R., additional, Spinozzi, F., additional, Castellucci, G., additional, Fabietti, G., additional, Crupi, S., additional, Radicioni, M., additional, Cozzali, R., additional, Ferraro, L., additional, Niccoli, A., additional, De Rosa, O., additional, Lupi, C., additional, Brunelli, R., additional, Merluzzi, A., additional, Guadalupi, D., additional, Parente, C., additional, Pertici, L., additional, Serra, M., additional, and Vaccaro, R., additional

Published
1997
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88. Problems in the thermal investigation of the BaF2-YF3 system.

Author

Nakamura, G. H. G., Baldochi, S. L., Mazzocchi, V. L., Parente, C. B. R., Valério, M. E. G., and Klimm, D.

Subjects
THERMAL analysis, BINARY metallic systems, FLUORIDES, X-ray diffraction, PHASE diagrams
Abstract

The BaF2-YF3 system was partially investigated, with focus given to the BaY2F8 compound and its neighboring phases. In this report, various difficulties that hinder the thermal analysis investigation of this binary fluoride system are described in detail. Samples of various compositions ranging from 58 to 79% YF3 were prepared and subjected to thermal analysis (DTA, TG and DSC) and X-ray diffraction. Diffraction patterns were analyzed through the Rietveld method for the calculation of phase concentrations in samples and determination of the lattice parameters of monoclinic BaY2F8. Thermal results were compared with data from the literature and discrepancies were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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92. Soluble CD30 Antigen in Human Colostrum

Author

Bertotto, A., Vagliasindi, C., Gerli, R., Spinozzi, F., Castellucci, G., Fabietti, G., Crupi, S., Radicioni, M., Cozzali, R., Ferraro, L., Niccoli, A., De Rosa, O., Lupi, C., Brunelli, R., Merluzzi, A., Guadalupi, D., Parente, C., Pertici, L., Serra, M., and Vaccaro, R.

Abstract

It is now well established that the CD30 glycoprotein is a surface antigen expressed by activated T cells producing T-helper (Th)-2-type lymphokines. Mounting laboratory evidence, however, suggests that CD30 expression is not confined to a functionally restricted subset of T cells, but also identifies activated cells with a Th-1 and Th-0 pattern of cytokine secretion. CD30-bearing T lymphocytes release a soluble form of the molecule (sCD30), which can be detected both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, very high levels of sCD30 were found in colostrum from 20 puerperal women, but not in autologous and heterologous (nonpregnant women) blood samples. These data strongly support an involvement of CD30+ T cells in the immune processes which take place at the level of the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. Passively transferred immune components such as immunoglobulins, cytokines, macrophages, natural killer cells, granulocytes and memory/activated T cells, all of which may help the baby to fight off infections, have been revealed in human breast milk. However, how Th-2-type cytokine-secreting T cells or other T-cell types help to endow the congenitally immunocompromised newborn infant with extrinsic immunological support remains an open question.

Published
1997
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93. Adaptación transcultural y validación de la versión en español del Cow’s Milk-related Symptom Score(CoMiSS) para alergia a la proteína de leche de vaca

Author

Ursino, F G, Orsi, M., Mehaudy, R., Micheletti, ME, Parisi, C., Petriz, N., Parente, C., Jauregui, MB, and Pagoto, V.

Abstract

Introducción y objetivos. La prevalencia de alergia a la proteína de leche de vaca en el primer año de vida varía entre el 1.8% y el 7.5%. En el año 2014 se publicó “The Cow’s Milk-related Symptom Score” (CoMiSS Score de síntomas de Alergia a la Proteína de Leche de Vaca) para facilitar su diagnóstico. Con ello no se pretende reemplazar el diagnóstico clínico sino orientar al equipo tratante en el proceso diagnóstico y disminuir dietas innecesarias.

Published
2021
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