Search

In times of increasing digitalization, universities are turning to digital media to promote effective learning. In addition to comprehensive learning platforms, on which learning materials and communication options are offered, interactive and adaptive learning programs are also being developed in many subject areas. These so-called intelligent tutoring systems are used as a tool to accompany lectures in order to make teaching more varied and efficient. The curriculum for mechanical engineering students provides for a basic understanding of product development in the first semesters. The focus is on acquiring a broad basic knowledge of machine elements and standard parts, as well as developing problem-solving skills in the CAD design of components and simple assemblies by working on realistic design tasks. In order to use an accompanying tutoring system in the basic training of engineers in a useful way, the system must also meet the requirements of problem- and practice-oriented tasks of design theory. These requirements include the evaluation of open problems and the approach to a valid result. The necessary feedback in the design solution process means that the system automatically analyzes the geometry of CAD designs and compares them with valid solutions from standards and guidelines. For a better solution finding, the learner must be given hints, which help to generate a valid solution, in addition to the sole output of design errors. This paper reports on the use of an intelligent tutoring system that was embedded as a formative assessment tool in computer-aided design education. The system was used by over a hundred second semester mechanical engineering students to prepare for a design course. The obtained system data is evaluated and then discussed. As a result, it is shown that an intelligent tutoring system within the framework of formative assessment can help students complete open design tasks and lead them to a valid solution through supportive feedback. Furthermore, this paper presents the use of the system data to improve the course by detecting and evaluating knowledge gaps and misconceptions of the students.

Viele Bauteile erreichen aufgrund eingeschrankter Moglichkeiten zur Wartung und Instandhaltung vorzeitig ihr End-of-Life. Additive Fertigungsverfahren bieten jedoch die Moglichkeit, Bauteile zu reparieren, die bisher als nicht reparabel galten. Weiterhin konnen Bauteile in der additiven Reparatur optimiert werden, sodass z. B. das Wartungsintervall bzw. die Standzeit verlangert wird. Zur Aufbereitung bestimmter Bauteile, bspw. Turbinenschaufeln, werden einzelne additive Verfahren bereits eingesetzt. Neben diesen wenigen Beispielen fehlt es jedoch an Informationen, fur welche Schaden und Bauteile additive Verfahren sinnvoll eingesetzt werden konnen und welche Verfahren sowie technologischen Prozessketten dies im konkreten sind. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen literaturbasierten Uberblick uber den bisherigen Einsatz additiver Fertigungsverfahren zur Bauteilreparatur. Es wird dargestellt, welche additiven Verfahren fur Additive Repair eingesetzt werden und fur welche Reparaturaufgaben Additive Repair angewendet wird. Darauf basierend wird abgeleitet, welche Bauteilmerkmale zur Beurteilung der technischen Machbarkeit von Additive Repair betrachtet werden mussen.

Design automation in mechanical engineering requires students not only to obtain competences in the application of computer aided design software and the creation of knowledge-based product models. Future knowledge engineers need e.g. communicational skills in order to acquire the relevant knowledge for later implementation in design automation systems, or skills for planning, modeling and exploring a design solution space. In a flipped classroom setup, where the responsibility for the learning process and thus several degrees of freedom regarding topics and their weighting are transferred to the students, a later summative assessment needs to fulfill two basic requirements: First to reflect the individual learning progress of a student, second to discover if the higher learning goals of the course are met. Constructive alignment is a technique to relate teaching activities, learning outcomes and assessment to each other and to the competences that a learner should acquire. The present paper reports about the assessment for a flipped classroom design automation lecture. Starting from the educational objectives and the learning activities, two different assessment mechanisms are characterized: A semester project where two or three students works as a team of knowledge engineers to create a knowledge-based engineering system, e.g. a product configurator, and an oral exam where each student has the opportunity to report about his or her individual learning process and dispute this with the teaching staff.

The use of multi-material forming components makes it possible to produce components adapted to the respective requirements, which have advantages over mono-material components. The necessary consideration of an additional material increases the possible degrees of freedom in product and manufacturing process development. As a result, development becomes more complex and special expert knowledge is required. To counteract this, computer-aided engineering environments with knowledge-based tools are increasingly used. This article describes a computer-aided engineering environment (CAEE) that can be used to design hybrid forming components that are produced by tailored forming, a process chain developed in the Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 1153. The CAEE consists of a knowledge base, in which the knowledge necessary for the design of tailored forming parts, including manufacturer restrictions, is stored and made available. For the generation of rough and detailed design and for elaboration the following methods are used. The topology optimization method, Interfacial Zone Evolutionary Optimization (IZEO), which determines the material distribution. The design of optimized joining zone geometries, by robust design. The elaboration of the components by means of highly flexible computer-aided design (CAD) models, which are built according to the generative parametric design approach (GPDA).

To develop problem-solving skills during engineering studies, students have to be given the opportunity to act independently and to apply their expertise in professional application situations with feedback that promotes learning. Although practical proje

Die Verfahren der additiven Fertigung haben sich in vielen Branchen zur Herstellung komplexer Bauteilgeometrien, auch uber den Prototypenbau hinaus, etabliert und tragen zum Erhalt der Innovationsfahigkeit des Maschinen- und Anlagenbaus bei. Die Geschaftsmodelle des Maschinenbaus wandeln sich jedoch von der klaren Produktorientierung hin zu kundenorientierten Losungsangeboten, was die Bedeutung des Servicegeschafts starkt. Hier bietet die additive Fertigung mehrere Potenziale: Zum einen lassen sich Verfahren wie das selektive Laserstrahlschmelzen oder das Laserauftragsschweisen beispielsweise direkt zur Reparatur verschlissener oder beschadigter Bauteile einsetzen. Zum anderen erlaubt dieses so genannte Additive Repair parallel die Optimierung des Bauteils auf den jeweiligen Einsatzzweck durch Anpassung von Geometrie oder Werkstoffsystem. Dieser Beitrag zeigt auf, welche Veranderungen sich im After-Sales-Geschaft durch den Einsatz von Additive Repair ergeben. Am Beispiel von Geschaftsmodellen im Ersatzteilmanagement werden hierzu die Veranderungen identifiziert und die resultierenden Chancen und Risiken fur die beteiligten Unternehmen abgeleitet.

The application of computer-aided design (CAD) systems belongs to the very basic competences that a design engineer in mechanical engineering is taught. The definition of shape and product properties in such systems is the foundation of virtual prototypin

Sustainability has become increasingly important to business research and practice. Approaches, which support fundamental changes in behavior to act economic, ecological, and social, are required. A popular concept that contributes to these challenges is mass customization (MC). MC—defined as a competitive strategy—allows for producing goods and services for individual needs of customers. In doing so, it, for example, helps toward an increased product-customer relation, efficient production, and a high degree of personalized goods, which may have positive effects on the society and the environment (e.g., by reducing waste). In order to get an overview of which effects of MC toward sustainability are discussed, our study aims to synthesize prior literature. Therefore, we conduct an extensive literature review in different search engines to ensure a broad view on this topic. As a result, 33 articles that met our research purpose are obtained. These articles are coded by three researchers independently and—a total of 157 codes—are consolidated afterward to determine effects of MC on sustainability. Our classification indicates that mostly social (∼87%) and economic issues are addressed (∼84%), while ecological aspects are underrepresented.

Although the concept of knowledge-based design (KBD) and engineering (KBE) is discussed for more than 20 years, only little application outside of academia is documented. Existing approaches are predominantly limited to niche design activities or to aviation and automotive engineering. This fact does not originate from missing IT support or the lack of KBD functionalities in contemporary computer-aided design (CAD) systems but rather from deficiencies in education. As a study showed, in many curricula in engineering design the setup, structured exploration and management of (geometry-based) design solution spaces for configuration and optimization are yet not present. In the following article, we present our experience with the Knowledge-Based-Design-Lab which is held at the Leibniz University of Hanover for 5 years. Scope of the tutorial is shifting the traditional modeling of mostly rigid geometrical product models to automate routine design tasks and create configurable virtual prototypes.

Product-service systems (hereinafter referred to as PSS) are a hybrid combination of products and services. They are problem-oriented solutions which address the individual needs of customers. To fulfill these individual needs, a customer-centric development of PSS is necessary. Therefore, a customizable product is essential, which can be designed with parametric and knowledge-based models.

Trotz der zum Teil sehr ahnlichen Zielsetzungen finden sich in der Literatur bisher kaum Abgrenzungen oder Verbindungen zwischen den beiden Unternehmenstypen kundenindividueller Massenfertiger und Anbieter von Product-Service Systemen. Im folgenden Beitrag werden zunachst beide Unternehmenstypen miteinander verglichen und in einem geeigneten unternehmenstypologischen Rahmenwerk abgebildet. Weiterhin werden Prozesse und Werkzeuge zur PSS-Entwicklung vorgestellt und mit jenen der kundenindividuellen Massenfertigung grundsatzlich verglichen. Besonderer Fokus wird hierbei auf Produktkonfigurationssysteme gesetzt.

Managing complexity and product variety in product development, manufacturing and sales is a key factor to a company’s success. Nevertheless, a general definition of complexity as well as dimensions for measurement of complexity is not yet at hand. After discussing different approaches for complexity management and measurement and deriving measures and dimensions, we introduce the Hannover House of Complexity as framework for the assessment of complexity management techniques and tools. Since complexity is considered to be company specific, this framework is combined with a business typology. As example, product configuration systems for mass customization businesses are classified and discussed in the House of Complexity.

The additive manufacturing offers new opportunities for engineering design. Thus, conventional design rules are no longer valid. For the application of the additive manufacturing, relevant constraints have to be taken into account, which result from the process, design, and value chain.

Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt dar, inwieweit Verfahren des Additive Manufacturing fur die Individualisierung von Produkten eingesetzt werden konnen. Als Geschaftsmodell wird hierfur die kundenindividuelle Massenfertigung vorgestellt, bei der variable, durch den Kunden ggf. mitentwickelte Produkte durch stabile und flexible Fertigungsverfahren mit der Effizienz der Massenproduktion hergestellt werden konnen. Innerhalb des Geschaftsmodells werden grundsatzliche Formen der Individualisierung vorgestellt und auf ihr Anwendungspotenzial fur Additive Manufacturing untersucht. Am Beispiel einer individualisierbaren Teemaschine wird das identifizierte Rahmenwerk naher erlautert und die Umsetzung des kundenbasierten Co-Design-Prozesses mit dem Rechnerwerkzeug des Konstruktionskonfigurators visualisiert.

Planning multi-variant products in the early stage of the design process is still a challenge. In the present paper, a specification technique is introduced in order to define multi-variant products using degrees of freedom of shape attributes (in the following shape-DoFs) within the product structure. Our goal is to plan variety actively at the beginning of product development and not to describe variety by change of parameter values of the product's components as introduced in variant trees. Shape-DoFs are classified in the fields of shape attributes (dimension, position, shape as well as their combinations) on the one hand and mandatory or optional components on the other hand. Set up on this taxonomy graphical symbols are introduced to be used in product modeling. As application example, a welded pipe rack based upon the assembly structure modeling the product structure in this way is visualized in the first step. The second step is to translate the shape-DoFs into design parameters and identify relationships between them. The result is a parameter plan, as well as a configuration concept. Both can be seen as basis for CAD-modeling the product as design template which is the third step. In case of our example, Autodesk Inventor (without the ETO-Environment) is used to create the CAD-data. Discussing the effects of the proposed method, it will be shown that different shape-DoFs may cause various impacts in the whole product development process. Regarding these effects, scenarios can be performed in order to identify the cost and resource optimal variation possibilities of the product. In addition, it will be shown that different kinds of modularity according to PINE (e.g. cut-to-fit-modularity) can be predefined in the product model by using shape-DoFs