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Of altogether 201 allotransplantations in Santiago de Cuba the material was histologically examined 328 times. Transplant biopsies and explants most frequently revealed a rejection nephropathy, in which case the forms of the prognostically unfavourable rejection vasculopapty were more frequent than the types of the tubulointerstitial rejection nephropath which are better to be influenced therapeutically. A histologically diagnosed acute failure of the kidney was casually based on (reversible) lesions of the donor kidney, infections and haemorrhages after the transplantation as well as on the combination with a rejection. A transplant pyelonephritis and transplant glomerulonephritis were rarely observed. Complete necroses of a transplant biopsy cylinder allow the urgent suspicion of an obliterating rejection vasculopathy with secondary transplant necroses.