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52. Probing primordial black holes at high redshift with future gravitational wave detectors.

Author

Marcoccia, Paolo, Nardini, Germano, and Pieroni, Mauro

Subjects
GRAVITATIONAL wave detectors, BLACK holes, GRAVITATIONAL waves, STATISTICAL significance, BINARY black holes, MERGERS & acquisitions, REDSHIFT
Abstract

We analyse the detection prospects for potential Primordial Black Hole Binary (PBHB) populations buried in the Stellar-Origin Black Hole Binary (SOBHB) population inferred by the LVK collaboration. We consider different PBHB population scenarios and several future Gravitational Wave (GW) detectors. To separate the PBHB component from the SOBHB one, we exploit the prediction that the PBHB merger rate does not decline as fast as the SOBHB one at high redshift. However, only a tiny fraction of PBHB events may be resolved individually, and the sub-threshold events may yield an undetectable Stochastic GW Background (SGWB). For this reason, we determine the statistical significance of the PBHB contributions in the number of resolvable events seen in future Earth-based detectors and the SGWB measured at LISA. We quantify them in the limit that SOBHB population uncertainties are small, as one may optimistically expect at the time that future detectors will operate. In general, we find the synergy between these probes will consistently help assess whether or not a sizeable PBHB population is present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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54. Science with the Einstein Telescope: a comparison of different designs

Author

Branchesi, Marica, primary, Maggiore, Michele, additional, Alonso, David, additional, Badger, Charles, additional, Banerjee, Biswajit, additional, Beirnaert, Freija, additional, Belgacem, Enis, additional, Bhagwat, Swetha, additional, Boileau, Guillaume, additional, Borhanian, Ssohrab, additional, Brown, Daniel David, additional, Leong Chan, Man, additional, Cusin, Giulia, additional, Danilishin, Stefan L., additional, Degallaix, Jerome, additional, De Luca, Valerio, additional, Dhani, Arnab, additional, Dietrich, Tim, additional, Dupletsa, Ulyana, additional, Foffa, Stefano, additional, Franciolini, Gabriele, additional, Freise, Andreas, additional, Gemme, Gianluca, additional, Goncharov, Boris, additional, Ghosh, Archisman, additional, Gulminelli, Francesca, additional, Gupta, Ish, additional, Kumar Gupta, Pawan, additional, Harms, Jan, additional, Hazra, Nandini, additional, Hild, Stefan, additional, Hinderer, Tanja, additional, Siong Heng, Ik, additional, Iacovelli, Francesco, additional, Janquart, Justin, additional, Janssens, Kamiel, additional, Jenkins, Alexander C., additional, Kalaghatgi, Chinmay, additional, Koroveshi, Xhesika, additional, Li, Tjonnie G.F., additional, Li, Yufeng, additional, Loffredo, Eleonora, additional, Maggio, Elisa, additional, Mancarella, Michele, additional, Mapelli, Michela, additional, Martinovic, Katarina, additional, Maselli, Andrea, additional, Meyers, Patrick, additional, Miller, Andrew L., additional, Mondal, Chiranjib, additional, Muttoni, Niccolò, additional, Narola, Harsh, additional, Oertel, Micaela, additional, Oganesyan, Gor, additional, Pacilio, Costantino, additional, Palomba, Cristiano, additional, Pani, Paolo, additional, Pasqualetti, Antonio, additional, Perego, Albino, additional, Périgois, Carole, additional, Pieroni, Mauro, additional, Piccinni, Ornella Juliana, additional, Puecher, Anna, additional, Puppo, Paola, additional, Ricciardone, Angelo, additional, Riotto, Antonio, additional, Ronchini, Samuele, additional, Sakellariadou, Mairi, additional, Samajdar, Anuradha, additional, Santoliquido, Filippo, additional, Sathyaprakash, B.S., additional, Steinlechner, Jessica, additional, Steinlechner, Sebastian, additional, Utina, Andrei, additional, Van Den Broeck, Chris, additional, and Zhang, Teng, additional

Published
2023
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56. The quest of CMB spectral distortions to probe the scalar-induced gravitational wave background interpretation in PTA data

Author

Tagliazucchi, Matteo, Braglia, Matteo, Finelli, Fabio, Pieroni, Mauro, Tagliazucchi, Matteo, Braglia, Matteo, Finelli, Fabio, and Pieroni, Mauro

Abstract

Gravitational Waves (GW) sourced by second-order primordial curvature fluctuations are among the favoured models fitting the recent Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) measurement of a Stochastic GW Background (SGWB). We study how spectral distortions (SDs) and anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) can constrain such scalar fluctuations. Whereas COBE FIRAS data have no sufficient sensitivity to probe the PTA lognormal hypothesis, we show how future PIXIE-like experiments can detect the CMB SDs from the scalar-induced interpretation of the SGWB in PTA data. We finally show how the transformative synergy between PTA data and future CMB SD measurements is important for reconstructing primordial fluctuations at these small scales., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures + Supplemental materials

Published
2023

57. Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

Author

A. G. Leventis Foundation, Academy of Finland, Onassis Foundation, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Universidades (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, Fondation Francqui, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Council for Higher Education (Israel), Generalitat de Catalunya, Czech Science Foundation, Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Energy (US), German Research Foundation, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), European Commission, Foundation for Science and Technology, Fondation CFM pour la Recherche, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Generalitat Valenciana, Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science (Ontario), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Israel Science Foundation, Kavli Foundation, Minerva Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Indian Institute of Science, National Science Foundation (US), National Science Centre (Poland), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Minas Gerais, Royal Society (UK), Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Simons Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research, Nardini, Germano [0000-0002-3523-0477], Auclair, Pierre, Bacon, David, Baker, Tessa, Barreiro, Tiago, Bartolo, Nicola, Belgacem, Enis, Bellomo, Nicola, Ben-Dayan, Ido, Bertacca, Daniele, Besancon, Marc, Blanco-Pillado, Jose J., Blas, Diego, Boileau, Guillaume, Calcagni, Gianluca, Caldwell, Robert, Caprini, Chiara, Carbone, Carmelita, Chang, Chia Feng, Chen, Hsin Yu, Christensen, Nelson, Clesse, Sebastien, Comelli, Denis, Congedo, Giuseppe, Contaldi, Carlo, Crisostomi, Marco, Croon, Djuna, Cui, Yanou, Cusin, Giulia, Cutting, Daniel, Dalang, Charles, De Luca, Valerio, Pozzo, Walter Del, Desjacques, Vincent, Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela, Dorsch, Glauber C., Ezquiaga, Jose Maria, Fasiello, Matteo, Figueroa, Daniel G., Flauger, Raphael, Franciolini, Gabriele, Frusciante, Noemi, Fumagalli, Jacopo, García-Bellido, Juan, Gould, Oliver, Holz, Daniel, Iacconi, Laura, Jain, Rajeev Kumar, Jenkins, Alexander C., Jinno, Ryusuke, Joana, Cristian, Karnesis, Nikolaos, Konstandin, Thomas, Koyama, Kazuya, Kozaczuk, Jonathan, Kuroyanagi, Sachiko, Laghi, Danny, Lewicki, Marek, Lombriser, Lucas, Madge, Eric, Maggiore, Michele, Malhotra, Ameek, Mancarella, Michele, Mandic, Vuk, Mangiagli, Alberto, Matarrese, Sabino, Mazumdar, Anupam, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Musco, Ilia, Nardini, Germano, No, Jose Miguel, Papanikolaou, Theodoros, Peloso, Marco, Pieroni, Mauro, Pilo, Luigi, Raccanelli, Alvise, Renaux-Petel, Sébastien, Renzini, Arianna I., Ricciardone, Angelo, Riotto, Antonio, Romano, Joseph D., Rollo, Rocco, Pol, Alberto Roper, Morales, Ester Ruiz, Sakellariadou, Mairi, Saltas, Ippocratis D., Scalisi, Marco, Schmitz, Kai, Schwaller, Pedro, Sergijenko, Olga, Servant, Geraldine, Simakachorn, Peera, Sorbo, Lorenzo, Sousa, Lara, Speri, Lorenzo, Steer, Danièle A., Tamanini, Nicola, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, Torrado, Jesús, Unal, Caner, Vennin, Vincent, A. G. Leventis Foundation, Academy of Finland, Onassis Foundation, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Universidades (España), Eusko Jaurlaritza, Fondation Francqui, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Council for Higher Education (Israel), Generalitat de Catalunya, Czech Science Foundation, Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Energy (US), German Research Foundation, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), European Commission, Foundation for Science and Technology, Fondation CFM pour la Recherche, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Generalitat Valenciana, Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science (Ontario), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Israel Science Foundation, Kavli Foundation, Minerva Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Indian Institute of Science, National Science Foundation (US), National Science Centre (Poland), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Minas Gerais, Royal Society (UK), Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Simons Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research, Nardini, Germano [0000-0002-3523-0477], Auclair, Pierre, Bacon, David, Baker, Tessa, Barreiro, Tiago, Bartolo, Nicola, Belgacem, Enis, Bellomo, Nicola, Ben-Dayan, Ido, Bertacca, Daniele, Besancon, Marc, Blanco-Pillado, Jose J., Blas, Diego, Boileau, Guillaume, Calcagni, Gianluca, Caldwell, Robert, Caprini, Chiara, Carbone, Carmelita, Chang, Chia Feng, Chen, Hsin Yu, Christensen, Nelson, Clesse, Sebastien, Comelli, Denis, Congedo, Giuseppe, Contaldi, Carlo, Crisostomi, Marco, Croon, Djuna, Cui, Yanou, Cusin, Giulia, Cutting, Daniel, Dalang, Charles, De Luca, Valerio, Pozzo, Walter Del, Desjacques, Vincent, Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela, Dorsch, Glauber C., Ezquiaga, Jose Maria, Fasiello, Matteo, Figueroa, Daniel G., Flauger, Raphael, Franciolini, Gabriele, Frusciante, Noemi, Fumagalli, Jacopo, García-Bellido, Juan, Gould, Oliver, Holz, Daniel, Iacconi, Laura, Jain, Rajeev Kumar, Jenkins, Alexander C., Jinno, Ryusuke, Joana, Cristian, Karnesis, Nikolaos, Konstandin, Thomas, Koyama, Kazuya, Kozaczuk, Jonathan, Kuroyanagi, Sachiko, Laghi, Danny, Lewicki, Marek, Lombriser, Lucas, Madge, Eric, Maggiore, Michele, Malhotra, Ameek, Mancarella, Michele, Mandic, Vuk, Mangiagli, Alberto, Matarrese, Sabino, Mazumdar, Anupam, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Musco, Ilia, Nardini, Germano, No, Jose Miguel, Papanikolaou, Theodoros, Peloso, Marco, Pieroni, Mauro, Pilo, Luigi, Raccanelli, Alvise, Renaux-Petel, Sébastien, Renzini, Arianna I., Ricciardone, Angelo, Riotto, Antonio, Romano, Joseph D., Rollo, Rocco, Pol, Alberto Roper, Morales, Ester Ruiz, Sakellariadou, Mairi, Saltas, Ippocratis D., Scalisi, Marco, Schmitz, Kai, Schwaller, Pedro, Sergijenko, Olga, Servant, Geraldine, Simakachorn, Peera, Sorbo, Lorenzo, Sousa, Lara, Speri, Lorenzo, Steer, Danièle A., Tamanini, Nicola, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, Torrado, Jesús, Unal, Caner, and Vennin, Vincent

Abstract

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has two scientific objectives of cosmological focus: to probe the expansion rate of the universe, and to understand stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and their implications for early universe and particle physics, from the MeV to the Planck scale. However, the range of potential cosmological applications of gravitational-wave observations extends well beyond these two objectives. This publication presents a summary of the state of the art in LISA cosmology, theory and methods, and identifies new opportunities to use gravitational-wave observations by LISA to probe the universe.

Published
2023

60. Probing anisotropies of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background with LISA

Author

Bartolo, Nicola, primary, Bertacca, Daniele, additional, Caldwell, Robert, additional, Contaldi, Carlo R., additional, Cusin, Giulia, additional, De Luca, Valerio, additional, Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela, additional, Fasiello, Matteo, additional, Figueroa, Daniel G., additional, Franciolini, Gabriele, additional, Jenkins, Alexander C., additional, Peloso, Marco, additional, Pieroni, Mauro, additional, Renzini, Arianna, additional, Ricciardone, Angelo, additional, Riotto, Antonio, additional, Sakellariadou, Mairi, additional, Sorbo, Lorenzo, additional, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, additional, Torrado, Jesús, additional, Clesse, Sebastien, additional, and Kuroyanagi, Sachiko, additional

Published
2022
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63. Measuring the propagation speed of gravitational waves with LISA

Author

Baker, Tessa, primary, Calcagni, Gianluca, additional, Chen, Anson, additional, Fasiello, Matteo, additional, Lombriser, Lucas, additional, Martinovic, Katarina, additional, Pieroni, Mauro, additional, Sakellariadou, Mairi, additional, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, additional, Bertacca, Daniele, additional, and Saltas, Ippocratis D., additional

Published
2022
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65. The effect of mission duration on LISA science objectives

Author

Seoane, Pau Amaro, Sedda, Manuel Arca, Babak, Stanislav, Berry, Christopher P. L., Berti, Emanuele, Bertone, Gianfranco, Blas Temiño, Diego, Bogdanović, Tamara, Bonetti, Matteo, Breivik, Katelyn, Brito, Richard, Caldwell, Robert, Capelo, Pedro R., Caprini, Chiara, Cardoso, Vitor, Carson, Zack, Chen, Hsin-Yu, Chua, Alvin J. K., Dvorkin, Irina, Haiman, Zoltan, Heisenberg, Lavinia, Isi, Maximiliano, Karnesis, Nikolaos, Kavanagh, Bradley J., Littenberg, Tyson B., Mangiagli, Alberto, Marcoccia, Paolo, Maselli, Andrea, Nardini, Germano, Pani, Paolo, Peloso, Marco, Pieroni, Mauro, Ricciardone, Angelo, Sesana, Alberto, Tamanini, Nicola, Toubiana, Alexandre, Valiante, Rosa, Vretinaris, Stamatis, Weir, David, Yagi, Kent, Zimmerman, Aaron, Institut de Física d'Altes Energies, Seoane, Pau Amaro, Sedda, Manuel Arca, Babak, Stanislav, Berry, Christopher P. L., Berti, Emanuele, Bertone, Gianfranco, Blas Temiño, Diego, Bogdanović, Tamara, Bonetti, Matteo, Breivik, Katelyn, Brito, Richard, Caldwell, Robert, Capelo, Pedro R., Caprini, Chiara, Cardoso, Vitor, Carson, Zack, Chen, Hsin-Yu, Chua, Alvin J. K., Dvorkin, Irina, Haiman, Zoltan, Heisenberg, Lavinia, Isi, Maximiliano, Karnesis, Nikolaos, Kavanagh, Bradley J., Littenberg, Tyson B., Mangiagli, Alberto, Marcoccia, Paolo, Maselli, Andrea, Nardini, Germano, Pani, Paolo, Peloso, Marco, Pieroni, Mauro, Ricciardone, Angelo, Sesana, Alberto, Tamanini, Nicola, Toubiana, Alexandre, Valiante, Rosa, Vretinaris, Stamatis, Weir, David, Yagi, Kent, Zimmerman, Aaron, and Institut de Física d'Altes Energies

Abstract

The science objectives of the LISA mission have been defined under the implicit assumption of a 4-years continuous data stream. Based on the performance of LISA Pathfinder, it is now expected that LISA will have a duty cycle of ≈0.75, which would reduce the effective span of usable data to 3 years. This paper reports the results of a study by the LISA Science Group, which was charged with assessing the additional science return of increasing the mission lifetime. We explore various observational scenarios to assess the impact of mission duration on the main science objectives of the mission. We find that the science investigations most affected by mission duration concern the search for seed black holes at cosmic dawn, as well as the study of stellar-origin black holes and of their formation channels via multi-band and multi-messenger observations. We conclude that an extension to 6 years of mission operations is recommended.

Published
2022

66. Measuring the propagation speed of gravitational waves with LISA

Author

European Commission, Royal Society (UK), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), China Scholarship Council, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Swiss National Science Foundation, Kings College London, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Czech Science Foundation, Baker, Tessa, Calcagni, Gianluca, Chen, Anson, Fasiello, Matteo, Lombriser, L., Martinovic, K., Pieroni, Mauro, Sakellariadou, Mairi, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, Bertacca, Daniel, Saltas, I.D., European Commission, Royal Society (UK), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), China Scholarship Council, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Swiss National Science Foundation, Kings College London, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Czech Science Foundation, Baker, Tessa, Calcagni, Gianluca, Chen, Anson, Fasiello, Matteo, Lombriser, L., Martinovic, K., Pieroni, Mauro, Sakellariadou, Mairi, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, Bertacca, Daniel, and Saltas, I.D.

Abstract

The propagation speed of gravitational waves, c , has been tightly constrained by the binary neutron star merger GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart, under the assumption of a frequency-independent c . Drawing upon arguments from Effective Field Theory and quantum gravity, we discuss the possibility that modifications of General Relativity allow for transient deviations of c from the speed of light at frequencies well below the band of current ground-based detectors. We motivate two representative Ansätze for c (f), and study their impact upon the gravitational waveforms of massive black hole binary mergers detectable by the LISA mission. We forecast the constraints on c (f) obtainable from individual systems and a population of sources, from both inspiral and a full inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform. We show that LISA will enable us to place stringent independent bounds on departures from General Relativity in unexplored low-frequency regimes, even in the absence of an electromagnetic counterpart.

Published
2022

67. Detecting primordial features with LISA

Author

Fumagalli, Jacopo, Pieroni, Mauro, Renaux-Petel, Sébastien, Witkowski, Lukas T., Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
oscillation: frequency, LISA, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), gravitational radiation: stochastic, background: induced, principal component analysis, gravitational radiation: background, gravitational radiation: primordial, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, observatory, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, ultraviolet, inflation, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Oscillations in the frequency profile of the stochastic gravitational wave background are a characteristic prediction of small-scale features during inflation. In this paper we present a first investigation of the detection prospects of such oscillations with the upcoming space-based gravitational wave observatory LISA. As a proof of principle, we show for a selection of feature signals that the oscillations can be reconstructed with LISA, employing a method based on principal component analysis. We then perform a Fisher forecast for the parameters describing the oscillatory signal. For a sharp feature we distinguish between the contributions to the stochastic gravitational wave background induced during inflation and in the post-inflationary period, which peak at different frequencies. We find that for the latter case the amplitude of the oscillation is expected to be measurable with $< 10\%$ accuracy if the corresponding peak satisfies $h^2 \Omega_\textrm{GW} \gtrsim 10^{-12}$-$10^{-11}$, while for inflationary-era gravitational waves a detection of the oscillations requires a higher peak amplitude of $h^2 \Omega_\textrm{GW}$, as the oscillations only appear on the UV tail of the spectrum. For a resonant feature the detection prospects with LISA are maximised if the frequency of the oscillation falls into the range $\omega_\textrm{log} = 4$ to $10$. Our results confirm that oscillations in the frequency profile of the stochastic gravitational wave background are a worthwhile target for future detection efforts and offer a key for experimentally testing inflation at small scales., Comment: 28 pages, 15 figures

Published
2022

68. The effect of mission duration on LISA science objectives

Author

Amaro Seoane, Pau, primary, Arca Sedda, Manuel, additional, Babak, Stanislav, additional, Berry, Christopher P. L., additional, Berti, Emanuele, additional, Bertone, Gianfranco, additional, Blas, Diego, additional, Bogdanović, Tamara, additional, Bonetti, Matteo, additional, Breivik, Katelyn, additional, Brito, Richard, additional, Caldwell, Robert, additional, Capelo, Pedro R., additional, Caprini, Chiara, additional, Cardoso, Vitor, additional, Carson, Zack, additional, Chen, Hsin-Yu, additional, Chua, Alvin J. K., additional, Dvorkin, Irina, additional, Haiman, Zoltan, additional, Heisenberg, Lavinia, additional, Isi, Maximiliano, additional, Karnesis, Nikolaos, additional, Kavanagh, Bradley J., additional, Littenberg, Tyson B., additional, Mangiagli, Alberto, additional, Marcoccia, Paolo, additional, Maselli, Andrea, additional, Nardini, Germano, additional, Pani, Paolo, additional, Peloso, Marco, additional, Pieroni, Mauro, additional, Ricciardone, Angelo, additional, Sesana, Alberto, additional, Tamanini, Nicola, additional, Toubiana, Alexandre, additional, Valiante, Rosa, additional, Vretinaris, Stamatis, additional, Weir, David J., additional, Yagi, Kent, additional, and Zimmerman, Aaron, additional

Published
2021
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69. Gravitational waves from double white dwarfs as probes of the milky way.

Author

Georgousi, Maria, Karnesis, Nikolaos, Korol, Valeriya, Pieroni, Mauro, and Stergioulas, Nikolaos

Subjects
GRAVITATIONAL waves, MILKY Way, GRAVITATIONAL wave detectors, ELECTROMAGNETIC radiation, STELLAR mass, LASER interferometers
Abstract

Future gravitational wave detectors, such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), will be able to resolve a significant number of the ultra compact stellar-mass binaries in our own Galaxy and its neighbourhood. These will be mostly double white dwarf (DWD) binaries, and their underlying population characteristics can be directly correlated to the different properties of the Galaxy. In particular with LISA , we will be able to resolve |${\sim}\mathcal {O}(10^4)$| binaries, while the rest will generate a confusion foreground signal. Analogously to how the total electromagnetic radiation emitted by a galaxy can be related to the underlying total stellar mass, in this work, we propose a framework to infer the same quantity by investigating the spectral shape and amplitude of the confusion foreground signal. For a fixed DWD evolution model and thus a fixed binary fraction, we retrieve percentage-level relative errors on the total stellar mass, which improves for increasing values of the mass. At the same time, we find that variations in the Milky Way shape at a fixed mass and at scale heights smaller than 500 pc are not distinguishable based on the shape of stochastic signal alone. We perform this analysis on simulations of the LISA data, estimating the resolvable sources based on signal-to-noise criteria. Finally, we utilize the catalogue of resolvable sources to probe the characteristics of the underlying population of DWD binaries. We show that the DWD frequency, coalescence time and chirp mass (up to <0.7 M⊙) distributions can be reconstructed from LISA data with no bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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71. High angular resolution gravitational wave astronomy

Author

Baker, John, primary, Baker, Tessa, additional, Carbone, Carmelita, additional, Congedo, Giuseppe, additional, Contaldi, Carlo, additional, Dvorkin, Irina, additional, Gair, Jonathan, additional, Haiman, Zoltan, additional, Mota, David F., additional, Renzini, Arianna, additional, Buis, Ernst-Jan, additional, Cusin, Giulia, additional, Ezquiaga, Jose Maria, additional, Mueller, Guido, additional, Pieroni, Mauro, additional, Quenby, John, additional, Ricciardone, Angelo, additional, Saltas, Ippocratis D., additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Tamanini, Nicola, additional, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, additional, and Zumalacárregui, Miguel, additional

Published
2021
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80. Emerging chromo-natural inflation

Author

Domcke, Valerie, Mares, Ben, Muia, Francesco, and Pieroni, Mauro

Abstract

Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics 1904(04), 034 (2019). doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2019/04/034, The shift-symmetric coupling of a pseudo-scalar particle driving inflation to gauge fields provides a unique way of probing cosmic inflation. We show for an SU(2) gauge group how a classical isotropic background gauge field develops from the standard quantum mechanical vacuum in the far past. Over the course of inflation, the theory dynamically evolves from an approximately abelian regime into an inherently non-abelian regime, with distinct predictions for the scalar and tensor power spectra. The latter regime closely resembles a setup known as chromo-natural inflation, although our main focus here is on a new part of the parameter space which has received little attention so far. For single-field slow roll inflation models, large scales may exit the horizon in the abelian regime, ensuring agreement with the observations of the anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background, whereas smaller scales experience the non-abelian effects. This results in a strong enhancement of the stochastic gravitational wave background at small scales, e.g. at frequencies accessible with ground-based interferometers. For the scalar power spectrum, a similar enhancement arises due to non-linear contributions., Published by IOP, London

Published
2019
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84. Reconstructing the spectral shape of a stochastic gravitational wave background with LISA

Author

European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), #NODATA#, Caprini, Chiara, Figueroa, Daniel G., Flauger, Raphael, Nardini, Germano, Peloso, Marco, Pieroni, Mauro, Ricciardone, Angelo, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), #NODATA#, Caprini, Chiara, Figueroa, Daniel G., Flauger, Raphael, Nardini, Germano, Peloso, Marco, Pieroni, Mauro, Ricciardone, Angelo, and Tasinato, Gianmassimo

Abstract

We present a set of tools to assess the capabilities of LISA to detect and reconstruct the spectral shape and amplitude of a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). We first provide the LISA power-law sensitivity curve and binned power-law sensitivity curves, based on the latest updates on the LISA design. These curves are useful to make a qualitative assessment of the detection and reconstruction prospects of a SGWB. For a quantitative reconstruction of a SGWB with arbitrary power spectrum shape, we propose a novel data analysis technique: by means of an automatized adaptive procedure, we conveniently split the LISA sensitivity band into frequency bins, and fit the data inside each bin with a power law signal plus a model of the instrumental noise. We apply the procedure to SGWB signals with a variety of representative frequency profiles, and prove that LISA can reconstruct their spectral shape. Our procedure, implemented in the code SGWBinner, is suitable for homogeneous and isotropic SGWBs detectable at LISA, and it is also expected to work for other gravitational wave observatories.

Published
2019

85. Classification des models d’inflation et contraints sur la physique fondamentale

Author

Pieroni, Mauro, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris 7 - Diderot, Pierre Binétruy(Pierre.Binetruy@apc.univ-paris7.fr), Cyrille rosset, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Pieroni, Mauro, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Gravitational Waves, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Ondes gravitationnelles, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], Primordial black holes, CMB, Inflation, [PHYS] Physics [physics], Cosmology, [PHYS.HPHE] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], [PHYS.HTHE] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], Cosmologie, Trous noirs primordiaux
Abstract

This work is focused on the study of early time cosmology and in particular on the study of inflation. After an introduction on the standard Big Bang theory, we discuss the physics of CMB and we explain how its observations can be used to set constraints on cosmological models. We introduce inflation and we carry out its simplest realization by presenting the observables and the experimental constraints that can be set on inflationary models. The possibility of observing primordial gravitational wave (GW) produced during inflation is discussed. We present the reasons to define a classification of inflationary models and introduce the β-function formalism for inflation by explaining why in this framework we can naturally define a set of universality classes for inflationary models. Theoretical motivations to support the formulation of inflation in terms of this formalism are presented. Some generalized models of inflation are introduced and the extension of the β-function formalism for inflation to these models is discussed. Finally we focus on the study of models where the (pseudo-scalar) inflaton is non-minimally coupled to some Abelian gauge fields that can be present during inflation. The analysis of the problem is carried out by using a characterization of inflationary models in terms of their asymptotic behavior. A wide set of theoretical aspects and of observational consequences is discussed., Ce travail est concentré sur l'étude de la cosmologie primordiale et en particulier sur l'étude de l'inflation. Après une introduction sur la théorie standard du Big Bang, nous discutons de la physique du CMB et nous expliquons comment ses observations peuvent être utilisées pour définir des contraintes sur les modèles cosmologiques. Nous introduisons l'inflation et nous expliquons sa réalisation la plus simple. Nous présentons les observables et les contraintes expérimentales qui peuvent être utilisées pour mettre des contraintes sur les modèles d’inflation. La possibilité d'observer des ondes gravitationnelles primordiales (GW) produites au cours de l'inflation est examinée. Nous présentons les raisons pour définir une classification des modèles d’inflation et pour introduire le formalisme de la fonction β pour décrire l'inflation. En particulier nous expliquons pourquoi, dans ce cadre, nous pouvons naturellement définir un ensemble de classes d'universalité pour les modèles d’inflation. Les motivations théoriques pour soutenir la formulation de l'inflation en termes de ce formalisme sont présentées. Certains modèles généralisés d'inflation sont introduits et l'extension du formalisme de la fonction β-formalisme à ces modèles est discutée. Enfin, nous nous concentrons sur l'étude des modèles où l’inflaton (qui est assumé être pseudo-scalaire) est couplé non-minimalement à des champs de jauge abéliens qui peuvent être présents lors de l'inflation. L'analyse du problème est effectuée en utilisant une caractérisation de modèles d’inflation sur la base de leur comportement asymptotique. Un large éventail d'aspects théoriques et des conséquences d'observation est discuté.

Published
2016

89. New perspectives on constant-roll inflation

Author

Cicciarella, Francesco, Mabillard, Joel, Pieroni, Mauro, Cicciarella, Francesco, Mabillard, Joel, and Pieroni, Mauro

Abstract

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2018

93. Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

Author

Auclair, Pierre, Bacon, David, Baker, Tessa, Barreiro, Tiago, Bartolo, Nicola, Belgacem, Enis, Bellomo, Nicola, Ben-Dayan, Ido, Bertacca, Daniele, Besancon, Marc, Blanco-Pillado, Jose J., Blas, Diego, Boileau, Guillaume, Calcagni, Gianluca, Caldwell, Robert, Caprini, Chiara, Carbone, Carmelita, Chang, Chia-Feng, Chen, Hsin-Yu, Christensen, Nelson, Clesse, Sebastien, Comelli, Denis, Congedo, Giuseppe, Contaldi, Carlo, Crisostomi, Marco, Croon, Djuna, Cui, Yanou, Cusin, Giulia, Cutting, Daniel, Dalang, Charles, De Luca, Valerio, Pozzo, Walter Del, Desjacques, Vincent, Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela, Dorsch, Glauber C., Ezquiaga, Jose Maria, Fasiello, Matteo, Figueroa, Daniel G., Flauger, Raphael, Franciolini, Gabriele, Frusciante, Noemi, Fumagalli, Jacopo, García-Bellido, Juan, Gould, Oliver, Holz, Daniel, Iacconi, Laura, Jain, Rajeev Kumar, Jenkins, Alexander C., Jinno, Ryusuke, Joana, Cristian, Karnesis, Nikolaos, Konstandin, Thomas, Koyama, Kazuya, Kozaczuk, Jonathan, Kuroyanagi, Sachiko, Laghi, Danny, Lewicki, Marek, Lombriser, Lucas, Madge, Eric, Maggiore, Michele, Malhotra, Ameek, Mancarella, Michele, Mandic, Vuk, Mangiagli, Alberto, Matarrese, Sabino, Mazumdar, Anupam, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Musco, Ilia, Nardini, Germano, No, Jose Miguel, Papanikolaou, Theodoros, Peloso, Marco, Pieroni, Mauro, Pilo, Luigi, Raccanelli, Alvise, Renaux-Petel, Sébastien, Renzini, Arianna I., Ricciardone, Angelo, Riotto, Antonio, Romano, Joseph D., Rollo, Rocco, Pol, Alberto Roper, Morales, Ester Ruiz, Sakellariadou, Mairi, Saltas, Ippocratis D., Scalisi, Marco, Schmitz, Kai, Schwaller, Pedro, Sergijenko, Olga, Servant, Geraldine, Simakachorn, Peera, Sorbo, Lorenzo, Sousa, Lara, Speri, Lorenzo, Steer, Danièle A., Tamanini, Nicola, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, Torrado, Jesús, Unal, Caner, Vennin, Vincent, Vernieri, Daniele, Vernizzi, Filippo, Volonteri, Marta, Wachter, Jeremy M., Wands, David, Witkowski, Lukas T., Zumalacárregui, Miguel, Annis, James, Ares, Fëanor Reuben, Avelino, Pedro P., Avgoustidis, Anastasios, Barausse, Enrico, Bonilla, Alexander, Bonvin, Camille, Bosso, Pasquale, Calabrese, Matteo, Çalışkan, Mesut, Cembranos, Jose A. R., Chala, Mikael, Chernoff, David, Clough, Katy, Criswell, Alexander, Das, Saurya, Silva, Antonio da, Dayal, Pratika, Domcke, Valerie, Durrer, Ruth, Easther, Richard, Escoffier, Stephanie, Ferrans, Sandrine, Fryer, Chris, Gair, Jonathan, Gordon, Chris, Hendry, Martin, Hindmarsh, Mark, Hooper, Deanna C., Kajfasz, Eric, Kopp, Joachim, Koushiappas, Savvas M., Kumar, Utkarsh, Kunz, Martin, Lagos, Macarena, Lilley, Marc, Lizarraga, Joanes, Lobo, Francisco S. N., Maleknejad, Azadeh, Martins, C. J. A. P., Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyer, Renate, Mimoso, José Pedro, Nesseris, Savvas, Nunes, Nelson, Oikonomou, Vasilis, Orlando, Giorgio, Özsoy, Ogan, Pacucci, Fabio, Palmese, Antonella, Petiteau, Antoine, Pinol, Lucas, Zwart, Simon Portegies, Pratten, Geraint, Prokopec, Tomislav, Quenby, John, Rastgoo, Saeed, Roest, Diederik, Rummukainen, Kari, Schimd, Carlo, Secroun, Aurélia, Sesana, Alberto, Sopuerta, Carlos F., Tereno, Ismael, Tolley, Andrew, Urrestilla, Jon, Vagenas, Elias C., van de Vis, Jorinde, van de Weygaert, Rien, Wardell, Barry, Weir, David J., White, Graham, Świeżewska, Bogumiła, and Zhdanov, Valery I.

Abstract

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has two scientific objectives of cosmological focus: to probe the expansion rate of the universe, and to understand stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and their implications for early universe and particle physics, from the MeV to the Planck scale. However, the range of potential cosmological applications of gravitational-wave observations extends well beyond these two objectives. This publication presents a summary of the state of the art in LISA cosmology, theory and methods, and identifies new opportunities to use gravitational-wave observations by LISA to probe the universe.

Published
2023
Full Text
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94. LISA as a probe for particle physics: electroweak scale tests in synergy with ground-based experiments

Author

Nardini, Germano, Figueroa, Daniel G., Megias, Eugenio, Pieroni, Mauro, Quiros, Mariano, Ricciardone, Angelo, and Tasinato, Gianmassimo

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, 530 Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 3. Good health
Abstract

We forecast the prospective of detection for a stochastic gravitational wave background sourced by cosmological first-order phase transitions. We focus on first-order phase transitions with neg- ligible plasma effects, and consider the experimental infrastructures built by the end of the LISA mission. We make manifest the synergy among LISA, pulsar time array experiments, and ground- based interferometers. For phase transitions above the TeV scale or below the electroweak scale, LISA can detect the corresponding gravitational wave signal together with Einstein Telescope, SKA or even aLIGO-aVirgo-KAGRA. For phase transitions at the electroweak scale, instead, LISA can be the only experiment observing the gravitational wave signal. In case of detection, by using a parameter reconstruction method that we anticipate in this work, we show that LISA on its own has the potential to determine when the phase transition occurs and, consequently, the energy scale above which the standard model of particle physics needs to be modified. The result may likely guide the collider community in the post-LHC era.

95. Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

Author

Auclair, Pierre, Bacon, David, Baker, Tessa, Barreiro, Tiago, Bartolo, Nicola, Belgacem, Enis, Bellomo, Nicola, Ben-Dayan, Ido, Bertacca, Daniele, Besancon, Marc, Blanco-Pillado, Jose J., Blas, Diego, Boileau, Guillaume, Calcagni, Gianluca, Caldwell, Robert, Chiara Caprini, Carbone, Carmelita, Chang, Chia-Feng, Chen, Hsin-Yu, Christensen, Nelson, Clesse, Sebastien, Comelli, Denis, Congedo, Giuseppe, Contaldi, Carlo, Crisostomi, Marco, Croon, Djuna, Cui, Yanou, Cusin, Giulia, Cutting, Daniel, Dalang, Charles, Luca, Valerio, Del Pozzo, Walter, Desjacques, Vincent, Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela, Dorsch, Glauber C., Ezquiaga, Jose Maria, Fasiello, Matteo, Figueroa, Daniel G., Flauger, Raphael, Franciolini, Gabriele, Frusciante, Noemi, Fumagalli, Jacopo, García-Bellido, Juan, Gould, Oliver, Holz, Daniel, Iacconi, Laura, Jain, Rajeev Kumar, Jenkins, Alexander C., Jinno, Ryusuke, Joana, Cristian, Karnesis, Nikolaos, Konstandin, Thomas, Koyama, Kazuya, Kozaczuk, Jonathan, Kuroyanagi, Sachiko, Laghi, Danny, Lewicki, Marek, Lombriser, Lucas, Madge, Eric, Maggiore, Michele, Malhotra, Ameek, Mancarella, Michele, Mandic, Vuk, Mangiagli, Alberto, Matarrese, Sabino, Mazumdar, Anupam, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Musco, Ilia, Nardini, Germano, No, Jose Miguel, Papanikolaou, Theodoros, Peloso, Marco, Pieroni, Mauro, Pilo, Luigi, Raccanelli, Alvise, Renaux-Petel, Sébastien, Renzini, Arianna I., Ricciardone, Angelo, Riotto, Antonio, Romano, Joseph D., Rollo, Rocco, Pol, Alberto Roper, Morales, Ester Ruiz, Sakellariadou, Mairi, Saltas, Ippocratis D., Scalisi, Marco, Schmitz, Kai, Schwaller, Pedro, Sergijenko, Olga, Servant, Geraldine, Simakachorn, Peera, Sorbo, Lorenzo, Sousa, Lara, Speri, Lorenzo, Steer, Danièle A., Tamanini, Nicola, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, Torrado, Jesús, Unal, Caner, Vennin, Vincent, Vernieri, Daniele, Vernizzi, Filippo, Volonteri, Marta, Wachter, Jeremy M., Wands, David, Witkowski, Lukas T., Zumalacárregui, Miguel, Annis, James, Ares, Fëanor Reuben, Avelino, Pedro P., Avgoustidis, Anastasios, Barausse, Enrico, Bonilla, Alexander, Bonvin, Camille, Bosso, Pasquale, Calabrese, Matteo, Çalışkan, Mesut, Cembranos, Jose A. R., Chala, Mikael, Chernoff, David, Clough, Katy, Criswell, Alexander, Das, Saurya, Da Silva, Antonio, Dayal, Pratika, Domcke, Valerie, Durrer, Ruth, Easther, Richard, Escoffier, Stephanie, Ferrans, Sandrine, Fryer, Chris, Gair, Jonathan, Gordon, Chris, Hendry, Martin, Hindmarsh, Mark, Hooper, Deanna C., Kajfasz, Eric, Kopp, Joachim, Koushiappas, Savvas M., Kumar, Utkarsh, Kunz, Martin, Lagos, Macarena, Lilley, Marc, Lizarraga, Joanes, Lobo, Francisco S. N., Maleknejad, Azadeh, Martins, C. J. A. P., Meerburg, P. Daniel, Meyer, Renate, Mimoso, José Pedro, Nesseris, Savvas, Nunes, Nelson, Oikonomou, Vasilis, Orlando, Giorgio, Özsoy, Ogan, Pacucci, Fabio, Palmese, Antonella, Petiteau, Antoine, Pinol, Lucas, Zwart, Simon Portegies, Pratten, Geraint, Prokopec, Tomislav, Quenby, John, Rastgoo, Saeed, Roest, Diederik, Rummukainen, Kari, Schimd, Carlo, Secroun, Aurélia, Sopuerta, Carlos F., Tereno, Ismael, Tolley, Andrew, Urrestilla, Jon, Vagenas, Elias C., Vis, Jorinde, Weygaert, Rien, Wardell, Barry, Weir, David J., White, Graham, Świeżewska, Bogumiła, Zhdanov, Valery I., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des deux Infinis de Toulouse (L2IT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LISA Cosmology Working Group, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, LISA, cosmological model, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), gravitational radiation: stochastic, gravitational radiation: background, scale: Planck, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, astro-ph.CO, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has two scientific objectives of cosmological focus: to probe the expansion rate of the universe, and to understand stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and their implications for early universe and particle physics, from the MeV to the Planck scale. However, the range of potential cosmological applications of gravitational wave observations extends well beyond these two objectives. This publication presents a summary of the state of the art in LISA cosmology, theory and methods, and identifies new opportunities to use gravitational wave observations by LISA to probe the universe.

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