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A simple and clean way of extraction of natural essence from green tea leaf by supercritical CO2 was developed. The optimum extraction conditions to produce the high-quailty natural essence were found: loading about 100g/L, operating at 5000 psi and 50 °C, and separation kettle temperature 75 °C, static extraction three times with 40 min every time, the yield of natural essence was 0.5%. The product was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) show that dimethylsulfide was the characteristic aroma components of the natural essence with more than 50 kinds of alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, ethers and esters etc.. There were only little other biochemical composition of raw material and 0.4% caffeine in the product detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the biochemical composition in the raw material were almost no loss before and after extracted by supercritical CO2, it indicated that the specificity of the method for extraction tea natural essence is very strong, and propitious to improve the secondary utilization of the tea raw materials.

We studied the Diophantine equation x2+4n=y11. By using the elementary method and algebraic number theory, we obtain the following conclusions: (i) Let x be an odd number, one necessary condition which the equation has integer solutions is that 210n-1/11 contains some square factors. (ii) Let x be an even number, when n=11k(k≥1), all integer solutions for the equation are(x,y)=(0,4k) ; whenn=11k+5(k≥0) , all integer solutions are(x,y)=(±211k+5,22k+1); when n≡1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10 the equation has no integer solution.

We describe a 28-year-old man with linear atrophoderma of Moulin (LAM), whose serum immunological markers were abnormal (including antinuclear antibody, ribonucleoprotein, immunoglobulin M and anti-SM antibody). In addition, however, a histological analysis identified unexpected connective tissue disease changes in this patient. We speculate that the pathogenesis of LAM is associated with immunity or that LAM itself is a kind of connective tissue disease.

The composition scheme of speed target value of railway engineering contains the functional orientation of railway line,demand of time target value and the adaptation to the adjacent lines. The selected speed target value of railway engineering must be suited to the features of the railway, satisfied with transport requirement, accorded to railway developing strategy and realized to the best economic benefit.This paper comprehensively compares and analyzes different speed target value schemes adopted by Revamping project for Capacity expansion of WANGAN railway and a reasonable speed target value—200km/h reserved 250 km/h is recommended.

A simple, clean and economical way of separation and preparation noncaffeine tea polyphenols from green tea waste in one-step by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography was developed. 20% (v/v) ethanol solution was used for removing caffeine and other components in the first stepwise elution, and tea polyphenols was eluted with 60% (v/v) ethanol solution by using reversed flow in the second stepwise elution. The yield of tea polyphenols above 11% with the purity about 98% and the content of catechins more than 91%, and the content of caffeine in tea polyphenols have not been detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The recovery of tea polyphenols by column chromatography were about 86%, and the stability of preparative way is very good. Compared with conventional extraction and decaffeination ways, this way has more excellent advantages, such as cheaper raw material, no toxic residues, higher yield, commercially feasible and environment friendly.

Surface segregation of asphalt mixtures is a common problem encountered when determining segregation level, which is a criterion of pavement quality evaluation. A method to evaluate segregation levels of asphalt pavement surface was presented based on the concave multifractal characteristic in a binary image of a pavement surface, which was obtained by digital image processing technology and mathematical morphology. The practical value of the proposed method was verified in a newly built asphalt pavement, and the segregation level was divided into five sections based on the recommended texture ratio in practical engineering. Results show that the multifractal spectrum width (Δα) quantifies the uniformity of the concave distribution. The pixel percentage of the concave (P) characterizes the ratio of the occupied area. The product of Δα and P (PWP) was quantified as the surface segregation level, which has good linear relevance with texture depth evaluation results. The proposed evaluation technique (PWP) can be used as an alternative to the sand patch method.

In the different subsets of 4-parameters space 4 {( , , , ) | ( , , , ) } k r c k r c R α α Ω = ∈ , we obtain the exact traveling wave solutions of a class nonlinear partial differential equations which are closely related to the periodic wave solutions of (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations, generated by the Jaulent-Miodek hierarchy. These wave solutions are verified by numerical simulation.

Extranodal natural killer/T-cell (NK/T cell) lymphoma, nasal-type, is a rare lymphoma. Skin is the second most common site of involvement after the nasal cavity/nasalpharynx. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype, T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement, the association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and p53 gene mutations of the lymphoma.The clinicopathologic analysis, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization for EBER1/2, TCR gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mutations of p53 gene analyzed by PCR and sequence analysis were employed in this study.In the 19 cases, the tumor primarily involved the dermis and subcutaneous layer. Immunohistochemical staining showed that most of the cases expressed CD45RO, CD56, CD3ε, TIA-1 and GrB. Three cases were positive for CD3 and two cases were positive for CD30. Monoclonal TCRγ gene rearrangement was found in 7 of 18 cases. The positive rate of EBER1/2 was 100%. No p53 gene mutation was detected on the exon 4 - 9 in the 18 cases. Fifteen cases showed Pro (proline)/Arg (arginine) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the exon 4 at codon 72. The expression of p53 protein was 72% (13/18) immunohistochemically.Cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma is a rare but highly aggressive lymphoma with poor prognosis. No p53 gene mutation was detected on the exon 4 - 9, and Pro/Arg SNPs on p53 codon 72 were detected in the cutaneous NK/T-cell lymphoma. The overexpression of p53 protein may not be the result of p53 gene mutation.

By integrating the merits of the map overlay method and the geographic information system (GIS), a GIS based map overlay method was developed to analyze comprehensively the environmental vulnerability around railway and its impact on the environment, which is adapted for the comprehensive assessment of railway environmental impact and the optimization of railway alignments. The assessment process of the GIS based map overlay method was presented, which includes deciding the system structure and weights of assessment factors, making environmental vulnerability grade maps, and evaluating the alternative alignments comprehensively to obtain the best one. With the GIS functions of spatial analysis, such as overlay analysis and buffer analysis, and functions of handling attribute data, the GIS based map overlay method overcomes the shortcomings of the existing map overlay method and the conclusion is more reasonable. In the end, a detailed case study was illustrated to verify the efficiency of the method.

In this paper, an approach based on the objective speckles field to measure the elastic modulus of solid material with three-points bending method is presented. The speckle images of the loading force rod under different loading are recorded and performed Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT), the deflection of the specimen can be obtained. The Young's modulus of the specimen calculated agrees well with that of stretch approach. The approach presented in this paper has advantage of simplicity, noncontact and high accuracy.

To establish a new method using cremophor EL test for the identification of Malassezia.The suspension of Malassezia fur fur was incubated in a broth containing different concentrations of cremophor EL at 32 degrees C. Cell growth of the yeast was counted by hematocytometer at the 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th day, respectively. The optimum concentration of cremophor EL for Malassezia was determined by means of variance analysis. Then the 11 species of Malassezia were inoculate in the agar containing the optimum concentration of cremophor EL, and the growth of colony of each species were observed and compared with those inoculated under traditional conditions.The optimum concentration of cremophor EL for Malassezia fur fur was 4% (P0.05). The growth of the 11 species in the agar containing 4% cremophor EL were identical with those inoculated under the traditional conditions. The new method was easy to perform and demanded less culture medium and strains of yeast.The cremophor EL test can improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of identification of Malassezia species.

The straight interference fringes are very common in the optical measurement such as Michelson interferometer, interference of wedge, the diffraction of single slit, double slits, grating diffraction, the diffraction of thin straight line, speckle correlation technique, moire topography. etc. With the rapid development of CCD and computer technology, the interference fringes are treated with efficient and fast image processing technique. Usually every interference fringe has certain width and is of low contrast, and even there are gaps or holes in the fringes, the central position is difficult to be located, therefore, the study of fringes thinning algorithm is an interesting subject. Many different algorithms have been presented, every algorithm has its own shortcomings, such as complication of the algorithm, there are spurs or discontinues on the final fringes, or unable to treat the low signal to noise ratio fringes. In this paper a robust and simple algorithm has presented, which mainly including morphological image processing and unusually implement of 1×N median filter to strengthen the horizontal fringes(supposing the fringes are in horizontal direction), to remove spurs and to fill the gaps in the fringes. The experiment result confirmed the validation and robust of the algorithm. Even though the image to be treated is of low signal to noise ratio and low contrast, smooth and continue straight fringes free of spurs could be obtained.

Determining and comparing the saponins and flavonoids contents in Glycrrrhiza uralensis Fisch to know theObjective: Determining and comparing the saponins and flavonoids contents in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch to know the dynamic variation.The contents were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.Two contents had basically theMethods:The contents were determinedby ultraviolet spectroihotometry. Results: Two contents had basically the same change cultivated in Gansu and Inner Mongolia.The plant 3-year cultivated has the highest content. Having high con-same change cultivated in Gansu and Inner Mongolia. Conclusion:The plant 3-year cultivated has the highest content. Having high content of Saponins in August and flavonoids in May and October which can be used as the basis for harvesting and processing.

With the plentiful application of various electronic equipments and control devices which used in industry, the communication networks based on field bus are produced. Connection between CAN bus and normal bus RS-232 which is used in existing serial communication, could realize to construct network with multidrop and long-distance communication. Method of conversion between RS-232 and CAN bus is discussed and a communication convertor with new design and debug is introduced in the paper. In order to conquer the illogicalities or conflictions brought from bus configuration and communication protocol of various controller, it is chosen unattached bus controller SJA1000 and singlechip AT89C51 to constitute CAN bus brainpower node in the convertor; made use of MAX232 to complete the level conversion from 232 to micro controller interface card TTL; provided differential sending capability of bus and differential incepting capability of CAN controller. RS-232 with the excellences of working in ISM (industry, science, medicine) domains and having built-in UART (asynchronism serial receival) interface, combined with CAN, could realize data communication between PC serial interface and CAN bus fleetly and exactly. It was examined through debug that there are some advantages of long direct communication distances, high communication velocity, simple configuration, low cost with the design. And it could replace the CAN interface card with high price in current market for reasons of simple configuration and low-cost.

Ultrasound could be used to extract medicine materials from traditional Chinese herbs. And the macro-porous resin purification is an obvious biomaterial technology. The characteristics of ultrasound propagation in the mixture of biomaterials and liquor are researched for Chinese medicine extraction. And how to combine ultrasonic technique with macro-porous resin purification is discussed in the paper. To overcome some shortages of existing ultrasonic processors used for biomaterial extraction, a new structure and design method so- called self-circumrotation are introduced. A new machine system of multi-frequency and self-circumrotated ultrasonic cylinder, combined with the adsorbing cylinder of porous resin, has been integrated and applied in Chinese traditional medicine manufacture. It was examined via practice that there are three advantages with the design: (A) The ultrasound intensity is strong and symmetrical in all over the cylinder; and the cavitation yield is l.S-1.3not2.8 times relative to what of ordinary processors; (B) The medium circumrotation is automatically realized in the cylinder; (C) The static and active adsorbing cylinders of porous resin are more effective for medicine material adsorption and purification from complex prescription of traditional Chinese medicine.

As a biomaterial processing technology, the macro-porous resin purification has been used in biomaterial extraction for a few years. Acoustic cavitation could bring up huge energy in micro-space and be used to extract medicine materials from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). In the paper, how to improve and combine ultrasonic technique with macro-porous resin purification for medicine extraction are discussed. Firstly, the characteristics of ultrasound propagation in the mixture of biomaterials and liquor are researched for TCM extraction. Secondly, for overcoming some shortages of existing resin purification cylinder used for biomaterial extraction, a new design method assisted with ultrasound is introduced. Then, a new manufacture set of ultrasonic cylinder and adsorbing cylinder with porous resin has been integrated and applied in Chinese traditional medicine production. It was examined via practice that there are many advantages with the design: (1) In all over the cylinder, the ultrasound intensity is strong and symmetrical; (2) The cavitation yield is stronger relative to what in existing ultrasonic processors and automatic circum-rotation is realized in the ultrasonic cylinder; (3) The adsorbing efficiency is greatly improved with the new adsorbing cylinders of porous resin for medicine material adsorption and purification from complex prescription of TCM.

To amplify the nucleotide sequences of desmoglein 4 (Dsg4) extracellular domains (EC1-4) from human skin tissue, and then to investigate their roles in pemphigus vulgans (PV) pathogenesis.RNA was obtained from normal human skin tissue and then cDNA was synthesized by RT-PCR. The target gene fragments of desmoglein 4 extracellular domains (EC1-4) were amplified by PCR. With the technique of gene recombination, these target gene fragments were inserted into pET32a plasmids respectively by T4 DNA ligase, which formed the recombinant plasmids used to transform the E. coli DH5alpha competent germs. Screening of transformant germs was done by LB medium with Ampicillin. The DNA sequences of positive recombinants were then identified. The epitopes of four recombinant proteins of Dsg4 in PV patients were analyzed by ELISA.Four DNA bands with all the length of 350 bp were obtained by RT-PCR. Consequently four expression plasmids of desmoglein 4 extracellular domains were constructed, of which the nucleotide sequences and open reading frames were proved to be correct. It showed that the recombinant proteins of Dsg4 domains EC1, EC2, EC3 and EC4 reacted to PV patients' sera, but not to normal sera.The above data indicate that the epitopes of Dsg4 may play a role in the pathogenesis of PV.

To purify and identify recombinant Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein E.The recombinant plasmid pGEX-VZVgE was induced by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), the fusion protein was purified with affinity chromatography column; then the purified fusion protein was cleaved by thrombin, and the product's antigenicity was examined by Western blot.The product of pGEX-VZVgE induced by IPTG was separated from the mixture proteins by the affinity chromatography column, the expressed fusion protein's relative molecular mass was about 98 x 10(3). After cleavage, the obtained VZV Glycoprotein E's relative molecular mass was about 72 x 10(3); the purified fusion protein and VZV Glycoprotein E were single band by SDS-PAGE. The available antigenicity of Glycoprotein E was confirmed by Western blot.Purification of VZV Glycoprotein E with affinity chromatography is an effective method. It provides a foreground for studies on the application of VZV gE.

We report here the discovery of Malassezia furfur from a groin abscess of a renal transplant patient. A 33-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital because of a high fever and a persistent inflammatory nodule on his right groin for one week. He had received a renal transplant 3 years before and remained on immunosuppressive agents. He was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics after hospitalization but the nodule formed a large abscess and then a deep ulcer instead of resolving. Examination of the culture by light microscopy revealed ovoid budding yeasts displaying collar-shaped structure. Subculture of the primary colonies onto Sabouraud's dextrose agar and medium containing rapeseed oil resulted in growth only on the medium containing rapeseed oil. All of the isolates was identified as Malassezia furfur. The pathogenicity of the isolates was tested in mice by intravenous injection of (3-5) x 10(8) cfu per mouse after immunosuppression with 500 mg/kg of prednisone intraporitoneally on day-2. In the mouse model, micro-abscess and inflammatory reaction and oval yeasts with budding were noted in histopathologic section of the viscera of the mice. A rib-like or serrate-like structure of the inner side of cell wall, characteristic for Malassezia spp., was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The patient received oral fluconazole and topical amphotericin B. The isolate before antifungal therapy was sensitive to both fluconazole and amphotericin B, while the isolate after antifungal treatment was only sensitive to amphotericin B. Proteinase activity of the isolates increased 1.43 times after antifungal treatment. This case indicated the invasive power of M. furfur in deep infection. Renal transplantation and reception of long-term immunosuppressive treatment are risk factors for the invasive infection of this fungus.