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592 results on '"Prakken, Henry"'

53. Representing Explicit Exceptions

Author

Prakken, Henry, Laporta, Francisco J., editor, Peczenik, Aleksander, editor, Schauer, Frederick, editor, Aarnio, Aulis, editor, Bayles, Michael D., editor, Johnson, Conrad D., editor, Mabe, Alan, editor, and Prakken, Henry

Published
1997
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54. The Role of Logic in Legal Reasoning

Author

Prakken, Henry, Laporta, Francisco J., editor, Peczenik, Aleksander, editor, Schauer, Frederick, editor, Aarnio, Aulis, editor, Bayles, Michael D., editor, Johnson, Conrad D., editor, Mabe, Alan, editor, and Prakken, Henry

Published
1997
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55. Systems for Defeasible Argumentation

Author

Prakken, Henry, Laporta, Francisco J., editor, Peczenik, Aleksander, editor, Schauer, Frederick, editor, Aarnio, Aulis, editor, Bayles, Michael D., editor, Johnson, Conrad D., editor, Mabe, Alan, editor, and Prakken, Henry

Published
1997
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56. Reasoning about Priority Relations

Author

Prakken, Henry, Laporta, Francisco J., editor, Peczenik, Aleksander, editor, Schauer, Frederick, editor, Aarnio, Aulis, editor, Bayles, Michael D., editor, Johnson, Conrad D., editor, Mabe, Alan, editor, and Prakken, Henry

Published
1997
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57. Reasoning with Inconsistent Information

Author

Prakken, Henry, Laporta, Francisco J., editor, Peczenik, Aleksander, editor, Schauer, Frederick, editor, Aarnio, Aulis, editor, Bayles, Michael D., editor, Johnson, Conrad D., editor, Mabe, Alan, editor, and Prakken, Henry

Published
1997
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58. Logics for Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Author

Prakken, Henry, Laporta, Francisco J., editor, Peczenik, Aleksander, editor, Schauer, Frederick, editor, Aarnio, Aulis, editor, Bayles, Michael D., editor, Johnson, Conrad D., editor, Mabe, Alan, editor, and Prakken, Henry

Published
1997
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59. Preferring the Most Specific Argument

Author

Prakken, Henry, Laporta, Francisco J., editor, Peczenik, Aleksander, editor, Schauer, Frederick, editor, Aarnio, Aulis, editor, Bayles, Michael D., editor, Johnson, Conrad D., editor, Mabe, Alan, editor, and Prakken, Henry

Published
1997
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60. Conclusion

Author

Prakken, Henry, Laporta, Francisco J., editor, Peczenik, Aleksander, editor, Schauer, Frederick, editor, Aarnio, Aulis, editor, Bayles, Michael D., editor, Johnson, Conrad D., editor, Mabe, Alan, editor, and Prakken, Henry

Published
1997
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61. The Need for New Logical Tools

Author

Prakken, Henry, Laporta, Francisco J., editor, Peczenik, Aleksander, editor, Schauer, Frederick, editor, Aarnio, Aulis, editor, Bayles, Michael D., editor, Johnson, Conrad D., editor, Mabe, Alan, editor, and Prakken, Henry

Published
1997
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62. Introduction

Author

Prakken, Henry, Laporta, Francisco J., editor, Peczenik, Aleksander, editor, Schauer, Frederick, editor, Aarnio, Aulis, editor, Bayles, Michael D., editor, Johnson, Conrad D., editor, Mabe, Alan, editor, and Prakken, Henry

Published
1997
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63. Using the Argumentation System

Author

Prakken, Henry, Laporta, Francisco J., editor, Peczenik, Aleksander, editor, Schauer, Frederick, editor, Aarnio, Aulis, editor, Bayles, Michael D., editor, Johnson, Conrad D., editor, Mabe, Alan, editor, and Prakken, Henry

Published
1997
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65. A Protocol for Arguing About Rejections in Negotiation

Author

van Veenen, Jelle, Prakken, Henry, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Carbonell, Jaime G., editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Parsons, Simon, editor, Maudet, Nicolas, editor, Moraitis, Pavlos, editor, and Rahwan, Iyad, editor

Published
2006
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67. ARGUMENTATION

Author

Bench-Capon, Trevor, Prakken, Henry, Lodder, Arno R., editor, and Oskamp, Anja, editor

Published
2006
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70. Toward Artificial Argumentation

Author

Atkinson, Katie, Baroni, Pietro, Giacomin, Massimiliano, Hunter, Anthony, Prakken, Henry, Reed, Chris, Simari, Guillermo, Thimm, Matthias, and Villata, Serena

Subjects
Computational intelligence -- Models, Argument (Philosophy) -- Models, Business
Abstract

The field of computational models of argument is emerging as an important aspect of artificial intelligence research. The reason for this is based on the recognition that if we are [...]

Published
2017

75. Justifications derived from inconsistent case bases using authoritativeness

Author

Peters, Joeri GT, Bex, Floris J, Prakken, Henry, Čyras, Kristijonas, Kampik, Timotheus, Cocarascu, Oana, Rago, Antonio, Sub Intelligent Systems, and Intelligent Systems

Subjects
Inconsistent case bases, Authoritativeness, Justifications
Abstract

Post hoc analyses are used to provide interpretable explanations for machine learning predictions made by an opaque model. We modify a top-level model (AF-CBA) that uses case-based argumentation as such a post hoc analysis. AF-CBA justifies model predictions on the basis of an argument graph constructed using precedents from a case base. The effectiveness of this approach is limited when faced with an inconsistent case base, which are frequently encountered in practice. Reducing an inconsistent case base to a consistent subset is possible but undesirable. By altering the approach’s definition of best precedent to include an additional criterion based on an expression of authoritativeness, we allow AF-CBA to handle inconsistent case bases. We experiment with four different expressions of authoritativeness using three different data sets in order to evaluate their effect on the explanations generated in terms of the average number of precedents and the number of inconsistent a fortiori forcing relations.

Published
2022

76. Justification in Case-Based Reasoning

Author

van Woerkom, Wijnand, Grossi, Davide, Prakken, Henry, Verheij, Bart, Čyras, Kristijonas, Kampik, Timotheus, Cocarascu, Oana, Rago, Antonio, Sub Intelligent Systems, and Intelligent Systems

Subjects
Interpretability, Precedential constraint, Law
Abstract

The explanation and justification of decisions is an important subject in contemporary data-driven automated methods. Case-based argumentation has been proposed as the formal background for the explanation of data-driven automated decision making. In particular, a method was developed in recent work based on the theory of precedential constraint which reasons from a case base, given by the training data of the machine learning system, to produce a justification for the outcome of a focus case. An important role is played in this method by the notions of citability and compensation, and in the present work we develop these in more detail. Special attention is paid to the notion of compensation; we formally specify the notion and identify several of its desirable properties. These considerations reveal a refined formal perspective on the explanation method as an extension of the theory of precedential constraint with a formal notion of justification.

Published
2022

77. Credulous and Sceptical Argument Games for Preferred Semantics

Author

Vreeswik, Gerard A. W., Prakken, Henry, Goos, G., editor, Hartmanis, J., editor, van Leeuwen, J., editor, Carbonell, Jaime G., editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Ojeda-Aciego, Manuel, editor, de Guzmán, Inma P., editor, Brewka, Gerhard, editor, and Moniz Pereira, Luís, editor

Published
2000
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88. On the relevance of algorithmic decision predictors for judicial decision making

Author

Bex, Floris, Prakken, Henry, Maranhão, Juliano, Sub Intelligent Systems, and Intelligent Systems

Subjects
application of algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, legal decision making, Law, legal prediction, Software
Abstract

In this article, we discuss case decision predictors, algorithms which, given some features of a legal case predict the outcome of the case (i.e. the decision of the judge). We discuss whether, and if so how, such prediction algorithms can be used to support judges in their decision making process. We conclude that case decision predictors can only be useful in individual cases if they can give legal justifications for their predictions, and that only these legal justifications are what should matter for a judge.

Published
2021

91. New experiments on reinstatement and gradual acceptability of arguments

Author

Bezou Vrakatseli, Elfia, Prakken, Henry, Janssen, Chris, Amgoud, Leila, Booth, Richard, Sub Intelligent Systems, Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology (onderzoeksprogramma PF), Leerstoel Kenemans, and Intelligent Systems

Abstract

This paper investigates whether empirical findings on how humans evaluate arguments in reinstatement cases support the ‘fewer attackers is better’ principle, incorporated in many current gradual notions of argument acceptability. Through three variations of an experiment, we find that (1) earlier findings that reinstated arguments are rated lower than when presented alone are replicated, (2) ratings at the reinstated stage are similar if all arguments are presented at once, compared to sequentially, and (3) ratings are overall higher if participants are provided with the relevant theory, while still instantiating imperfect reinstatement. We conclude that these findings could at best support a more specific principle ‘being unattacked is better than attacked’, but alternative explanations cannot yet be ruled out. More generally, we highlight the danger that experimenters in reasoning experiments interpret examples differently from humans. Finally, we argue that more justification is needed on why, and how, empirical findings on how humans argue can be relevant for normative models of argumentation.

Published
2021

93. A history of AI and Law in 50 papers: 25 years of the international conference on AI and Law

Author

Bench-Capon, Trevor, Araszkiewicz, Michał, Ashley, Kevin, Atkinson, Katie, Bex, Floris, Borges, Filipe, Bourcier, Daniele, Bourgine, Paul, Conrad, Jack G., Francesconi, Enrico, Gordon, Thomas F., Governatori, Guido, Leidner, Jochen L., Lewis, David D., Loui, Ronald P., McCarty, L. Thorne, Prakken, Henry, Schilder, Frank, Schweighofer, Erich, Thompson, Paul, Tyrrell, Alex, Verheij, Bart, Walton, Douglas N., and Wyner, Adam Z.

Published
2012
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