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Hui-Juan Chen,1,2,* Hong Wang,1,2,* Li-Juan Qiu,1,2 Hua-Yun Ling,1,2 Ling-Ling Wu,1,2 Ting-Rui Wang,1,2 Ying Zhou,1,2 Yu Xue,1,2 Dong-Qing Ye,1,2 Bin Wang1,2 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China; 2The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bin Wang, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People’s Republic of China, Email wangbin@ahmu.edu.cnPurpose: This study aimed to examine the relationship between anxiety, depression, sleep quality and health-related quality of life among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in China.Patients and Methods: After ethical approval and obtaining participants’ informed consent, a cross-sectional study was conducted in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between October 1, 2021 and January 30, 2022. The data comprised demographic information, number of SLE symptoms, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (SLEQoL). We performed descriptive statistics, Spearman or Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression. And Path analysis was performed to examine direct and indirect associations between these variables and health-related quality of life.Results: A total of 580 patients were recruited and 513 met our target criteria. Our final model fitted the data well: goodness-of-fit index (GFI) =0.996; adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI) =0.974; comparative fit index (CFI) =0.998; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) =0.043. This model explained 57.3% of the variance on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with SLE and all

In order to screen the aroma characteristics of soybean, a new method was established which can quickly quantify the content of 2-acetyl-1pyrroline (2-AP), an important compound related to soybean aroma, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on peak profile, total peak area and retention time as test indexes, an accurate identification method for fragrant soybeans was established. The optimum parameters of the protocol consisted of column temperature 70 degrees C, sample injector temperature 180 degrees C, optimum extraction alcohol content 1 mL, NaCl content 0.1 g, ultrasonication time 10 min, and extraction time 1 h, which were established by using the orthogonal test of single factors and three factors with four levels (L-9(3)(4)). 2-AP content of leaves had significant correlations with seeds, which were easier to measure. The protocol was simple and easy to carry out, consumed only small amounts of reagents, and provided accurate and reliable results with good reproducibility. A total of 101 soybean genotypes from different geographical sources were analyzed using this protocol. The results showed that the average content of 2-AP was 0.29 mg L-1, ranging from 0.094 to 1.816 mg L-1, and the genetic diversity index was 0.54. Among all genotypes-tested, they were classified into three grades, including seven elite genotypes identified as "grade one fragrant soybeans", which were Zhonglong 608, Heinong 88, Ha13-2958, Hongmiandou, Heinong 82, Huangmaodou, and Jiyu 21. These results provide both an identification technique and several elite aroma genotypes for gene discovery and good quality breeding in soybean.

In order to screen the aroma characteristics of soybean, a new method was established which can quickly quantify the content of 2-acetyl-1pyrroline (2-AP), an important compound related to soybean aroma, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on peak profile, total peak area and retention time as test indexes, an accurate identification method for fragrant soybeans was established. The optimum parameters of the protocol consisted of column temperature 70 degrees C, sample injector temperature 180 degrees C, optimum extraction alcohol content 1 mL, NaCl content 0.1 g, ultrasonication time 10 min, and extraction time 1 h, which were established by using the orthogonal test of single factors and three factors with four levels (L-9(3)(4)). 2-AP content of leaves had significant correlations with seeds, which were easier to measure. The protocol was simple and easy to carry out, consumed only small amounts of reagents, and provided accurate and reliable results with good reproducibility. A total of 101 soybean genotypes from different geographical sources were analyzed using this protocol. The results showed that the average content of 2-AP was 0.29 mg L-1, ranging from 0.094 to 1.816 mg L-1, and the genetic diversity index was 0.54. Among all genotypes-tested, they were classified into three grades, including seven elite genotypes identified as "grade one fragrant soybeans", which were Zhonglong 608, Heinong 88, Ha13-2958, Hongmiandou, Heinong 82, Huangmaodou, and Jiyu 21. These results provide both an identification technique and several elite aroma genotypes for gene discovery and good quality breeding in soybean.

Soybean is an important economic crop and a typical short-day crop, sensitive to photoperiod, and has narrow geographical adaptative region, which limit the creation of transgenic materials and reduce the breeding efficiency of new varieties. In addition, the genetic transformation efficiency of soybean is lower than that of many other crops, and the available receptor genotypes are limited. In this study, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation were used to introduce the CRISPR/Cas9 expression vector into soybean cultivar Jack and generated targeted mutants of E1 gene controlling soybean flowering. We obtained two novel types of mutations, 11 bp and 40 bp deletion at E1 coding region, respectively, and frameshift mutations produced premature translation termination codons and truncated E1 proteins, causing obvious early flowering under long day condition. In addition, no off-target effects were observed by predicting and analyzing the potential off-target sites of E1 targets. Significant decreased E1 gene expression of two novel mutants showed that the truncated E1 protein disinhibited GmFT2a/5a and increasing GmFT2a/5a gene expressions resulted obvious early flowering. Homozygous trans-clean mutants without T-DNA elements were also obtained and showed early flowering under long day condition. The photo-insensitive soybean transformation receptor we created laid a foundation for breeding excellent transgenic receptors suitable for high latitudes.

Soybean is an important economic crop and a typical short-day crop, sensitive to photoperiod, and has narrow geographical adaptative region, which limit the creation of transgenic materials and reduce the breeding efficiency of new varieties. In addition, the genetic transformation efficiency of soybean is lower than that of many other crops, and the available receptor genotypes are limited. In this study, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation were used to introduce the CRISPR/Cas9 expression vector into soybean cultivar Jack and generated targeted mutants of E1 gene controlling soybean flowering. We obtained two novel types of mutations, 11 bp and 40 bp deletion at E1 coding region, respectively, and frameshift mutations produced premature translation termination codons and truncated E1 proteins, causing obvious early flowering under long day condition. In addition, no off-target effects were observed by predicting and analyzing the potential off-target sites of E1 targets. Significant decreased E1 gene expression of two novel mutants showed that the truncated E1 protein disinhibited GmFT2a/5a and increasing GmFT2a/5a gene expressions resulted obvious early flowering. Homozygous trans-clean mutants without T-DNA elements were also obtained and showed early flowering under long day condition. The photo-insensitive soybean transformation receptor we created laid a foundation for breeding excellent transgenic receptors suitable for high latitudes.