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We propose a low-rank tensor approach to approximate linear transport and nonlinear Vlasov solutions and their associated flow maps. The approach takes advantage of the fact that the differential operators in the Vlasov equation is tensor friendly, based on which we propose a novel way to dynamically and adaptively build up low-rank solution basis by adding new basis functions from discretization of the PDE, and removing basis from an SVD-type truncation procedure. For the discretization, we adopt a high order finite difference spatial discretization and a second order strong stability preserving multi-step time discretization. We apply the same procedure to evolve the dynamics of the flow map in a low-rank fashion, which proves to be advantageous when the flow map enjoys the low rank structure, while the solution suffers from high rank or displays filamentation structures. Hierarchical Tucker decomposition is adopted for high dimensional problems. An extensive set of linear and nonlinear Vlasov test examples are performed to show the high order spatial and temporal convergence of the algorithm with mesh refinement up to SVD-type truncation, the significant computational savings of the proposed low-rank approach especially for high dimensional problems, the improved performance of the flow map approach for solutions with filamentations.

In this paper, we propose a new high order semi-implicit scheme for the all Mach full Euler equations of gas dynamics. Material waves are treated explicitly, while acoustic waves are treated implicitly, thus avoiding severe CFL restrictions for low Mach flows. High order accuracy in time is obtained by semi-implicit temporal integrator based on the IMEX Runge-Kutta (IMEX-RK) framework. High order in space is achieved by finite difference WENO schemes with characteristic-wise reconstructions adapted to the semi-implicit IMEX-RK time discretization. Type A IMEX schemes are constructed to handle not well-prepared initial conditions. Besides, these schemes are proven to be asymptotic preserving and asymptotically accurate as the Mach number vanishes for well-prepared initial conditions. Divergence-free property of the time-discrete schemes is proved. The proposed scheme can also well capture discontinuous solutions in the compressible regime, especially for two dimensional Riemann problems. Numerical tests in one and two space dimensions will illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

In this paper, we develop a family of third order asymptotic-preserving (AP) and asymptotically accurate (AA) diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta (DIRK) time discretization methods for the stiff hyperbolic relaxation systems and kinetic Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model in the semi-Lagrangian (SL) setting. The methods are constructed based on an accuracy analysis of the SL scheme for stiff hyperbolic relaxation systems and kinetic BGK model in the limiting fluid regime when the Knudsen number approaches $0$. An extra order condition for the asymptotic third order accuracy in the limiting regime is derived. Linear Von Neumann stability analysis of the proposed third order DIRK methods are performed to a simplified two-velocity linear kinetic model. Extensive numerical tests are presented to demonstrate the AA, AP and stability properties of our proposed schemes.

In this paper, we propose an efficient, high order accurate and asymptotic-preserving (AP) semi-Lagrangian (SL) method for the BGK model with constant or spatially dependent Knudsen number. The spatial discretization is performed by a mass conservative nodal discontinuous Galerkin (NDG) method, while the temporal discretization of the stiff relaxation term is realized by stiffly accurate diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta (DIRK) methods along characteristics. Extra order conditions are enforced for asymptotic accuracy (AA) property of DIRK methods when they are coupled with a semi-Lagrangian algorithm in solving the BGK model. A local maximum principle preserving (LMPP) limiter is added to control numerical oscillations in the transport step. Thanks to the SL and implicit nature of time discretization, the time stepping constraint is relaxed and it is much larger than that from an Eulerian framework with explicit treatment of the source term. Extensive numerical tests are presented to verify the high order AA, efficiency and shock capturing properties of the proposed schemes.

We propose a generalized Eulerian-Lagrangian (GEL) discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method. The method is a generalization of the Eulerian-Lagrangian (EL) DG method for transport problems proposed in [arXiv preprint arXiv: 2002.02930 (2020)], which tracks solution along approximations to characteristics in the DG framework, allowing extra large time stepping size with stability. The newly proposed GEL DG method in this paper is motivated for solving linear hyperbolic systems with variable coefficients, where the velocity field for adjoint problems of the test functions is frozen to constant. In this paper, in a simplified scalar setting, we propose the GEL DG methodology by freezing the velocity field of adjoint problems, and by formulating the semi-discrete scheme over the space-time region partitioned by linear lines approximating characteristics. The fully-discrete schemes are obtained by method-of-lines Runge-Kutta methods. We further design flux limiters for the schemes to satisfy the discrete geometric conservation law (DGCL) and maximum principle preserving (MPP) properties. Numerical results on 1D and 2D linear transport problems are presented to demonstrate great properties of the GEL DG method. These include the high order spatial and temporal accuracy, stability with extra large time stepping size, and satisfaction of DGCL and MPP properties.