Search

This article is based on the theory of Karma discussed in Tatvavada or Dvaita Vedanta with the support of Bhagavadgita. A couple of questions answered in this article related to Karma - Karma is just for the Samsarins or even for Jnanins? WhetherKarma is directly connected to Moksha or not? and so.

Effects of Knudsen number, lid velocity and velocity ratio are investigated on the flow features of single lid driven cavity with an aspect ratio of one and double lid driven cavity of aspect ratio two. Knudsen numbers studied are 0.01(early slip regime), 0.1 (slip regime) and 1 (transitional regime). Lid velocities investigated are 100 m/s, 200 m/s and 500 m/s. The velocity ratios explored are 1 and -1. Knudsen number was found to have a huge impact on the flow rigidity. Lid velocity tends to shift the central vortex to the top left of the cavity for a cavity with aspect ratio of one and shifts the upper vortex to the top left of the cavity for a cavity with aspect ratio of two. Lid velocity does not affect the slip to a great extent on the lid. Changing the velocity ratio from 1 to -1 leads to the reversal of the relative vorticity in the top and bottom half of the cavity.

Purpose Ontology of a domain mainly consists of a set of concepts and their semantic relations. It is typically constructed and maintained by using ontology editors with substantial human intervention. It is desirable to perform the task automatically, which has led to the development of ontology learning techniques. One of the main challenges of ontology learning from the text is to identify key concepts from the documents. A wide range of techniques for key concept extraction have been proposed but are having the limitations of low accuracy, poor performance, not so flexible and applicability to a specific domain. The propose of this study is to explore a new method to extract key concepts and to apply them to literature in the nuclear domain. Design/methodology/approach In this article, a novel method for key concept extraction is proposed and applied to the documents from the nuclear domain. A hybrid approach was used, which includes a combination of domain, syntactic name entity knowledge and statistical based methods. The performance of the developed method has been evaluated from the data obtained using two out of three voting logic from three domain experts by using 120 documents retrieved from SCOPUS database. Findings The work reported pertains to extracting concepts from the set of selected documents and aids the search for documents relating to given concepts. The results of a case study indicated that the method developed has demonstrated better metrics than Text2Onto and CFinder. The method described has the capability of extracting valid key concepts from a set of candidates with long phrases. Research limitations/implications The present study is restricted to literature coming out in the English language and applied to the documents from nuclear domain. It has the potential to extend to other domains also. Practical implications The work carried out in the current study has the potential of leading to updating International Nuclear Information System thesaurus for ontology in the nuclear domain. This can lead to efficient search methods. Originality/value This work is the first attempt to automatically extract key concepts from the nuclear documents. The proposed approach will address and fix the most of the problems that are existed in the current methods and thereby increase the performance.

Today Micro-blogging has become a popular Internet-user communication tool. Millions of users exchange views on different aspects of their lives. Thus micro blogging websites are a rich source of opinion mining data or Sentiment Analysis (SA) information. Due to the recent emergence of micro blogging, there are a few research works devoted to this subject. We concentrate in our paper on Twitter, one of the prominent micro blogging sites to analyze sentiment of the public. We'll demonstrate, how to gather real-time twitter data for sentiment analysis or opinion mining purposes, and employed algorithms like Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), Bag of Words (BOW) and Multinomial Naive Bayes ( MNB). We are able to determine positive and negative sentiments for the real-time twitter data using the above chosen algorithms. Experimental evaluations below shows that the algorithms used are efficient and it can be used as a application in detection of the depression of the people. We worked with English in this article, but for any other language it can be used.

BackgroundHydroxychloroquine has recently received Emergency Use Authorization by the FDA and is currently prescribed in combination with azithromycin for COVID-19 pneumonia. We studied the safety of hydroxychloroquine, alone and in combination with azithromycin.MethodsNew user cohort studies were conducted including 16 severe adverse events (SAEs). Rheumatoid arthritis patients aged 18+ and initiating hydroxychloroquine were compared to those initiating sulfasalazine and followed up over 30 days. Self-controlled case series (SCCS) were conducted to further establish safety in wider populations. Separately, SAEs associated with hydroxychloroquine- azithromycin (compared to hydroxychloroquine-amoxicillin) were studied. Data comprised 14 sources of claims data or electronic medical records from Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, UK, and USA. Propensity score stratification and calibration using negative control outcomes were used to address confounding. Cox models were fitted to estimate calibrated hazard ratios (CalHRs) according to drug use. Estimates were pooled where I2ResultsOverall, 956,374 and 310,350 users of hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine, and 323,122 and 351,956 users of hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine-amoxicillin were included. No excess risk of SAEs was identified when 30-day hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine use were compared. SCCS confirmed these findings. However, when azithromycin was added to hydroxychloroquine, we observed an increased risk of 30-day cardiovascular mortality (CalHR2.19 [1.22- 3.94]), chest pain/angina (CalHR 1.15 [95% CI 1.05-1.26]), and heart failure (CalHR 1.22 [95% CI 1.02- 1.45])ConclusionsShort-term hydroxychloroquine treatment is safe, but addition of azithromycin may induce heart failure and cardiovascular mortality, potentially due to synergistic effects on QT length. We call for caution if such combination is to be used in the management of Covid-19.Trial registration numberRegistered with EU PAS; Reference number EUPAS34497 (http://www.encepp.eu/encepp/viewResource.htm?id=34498). The full study protocol and analysis source code can be found at https://github.com/ohdsi-studies/Covid19EstimationHydroxychloroquine.Funding sourcesThis research received partial support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) and Senior Research Fellowship (DPA), US National Institutes of Health, Janssen Research & Development, IQVIA, and by a grant from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea [grant number: HI16C0992]. Personal funding included Versus Arthritis [21605] (JL), MRC-DTP [MR/K501256/1] (JL), MRC and FAME (APU). The European Health Data & Evidence Network has received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 806968. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and EFPIA. No funders had a direct role in this study. The views and opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Clinician Scientist Award programme, NIHR, NHS or the Department of Health, England.

The need for standard construction materials is increasing each day due to the pressure faced by construction sectors for achieving an enhanced growth and sustainable development in construction. These have made the developers go for different materials that can be used as an alternate material in construction. In the present work, natural fibers namely coir and sisal fiber are chosen to improve the properties of the concrete. Plain concrete properties are used as a reference to evaluate the effectiveness of this natural fiber reinforced concrete. The objective of this project is to determine the optimum level of coir fiber content for effective enhancement in ductile properties of concrete and on the usage of sisal fiber in increasing the strength properties of concrete

In these times of potential energy crisis and climate change, search for alternative sources for conventional fuel has led us to bio-diesel. Vegetable oils are typically highly dense and viscous and to overcome it we prefer the methyl ester of the oil. In our study we have used methyl ester of Palm stearin oil, which can be found in our country (India) abundantly, and conducted emission and performance tests on a non-modified diesel engine. Diesel along with four different blends of 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% by mass were used to carry the tests in different loading conditions. The results have shown promising possibility of the use of palm-stearin oil blended bio-diesel as CO, NOX and HC emissions reduced and B-30 provided the best mechanical efficiency.

This study analyses heat transfer coefficients in a shell and tube heat exchanger and the effectiveness of reduced temperature of exhaust gases in shell and helically coiled tube heat exchanger. This facilitates low installation cost, high performance and improved safety. The experimental setup consists of a shell with a coaxial outer tubular, end plates attached to the inner walls and a spiral coil through which water flows. These end plates encompass a shell cavity in tubular shape. This facilitates the inlet and outlet intended for exhaust gas. The coil is wounded in such a way that the axis of shell fit the inner and outer walls with limited radial clearance. Due to axial spacing of coils from one another, a spiral path is generated in the interior shell cavity which provide amenities for water flow. This path creates, helps in reducing the temperature of exhaust gas.

The concrete production has a huge demand in aggregate and clay (bricks) source. In the year 2015, 48.3 billion tonnes of aggregates are utilized as construction material globally per year in which 2.2 billion tonnes of aggregates were used in India. To overcome the demand of aggregate glass waste materials can be used as alternate construction material. In the year 2019, 21 billion tonnes of glass waste has been produced in India out of which only 45% is recycled, which shows that there is a need for proper procurement and management of waste glass. This review illustrate about utilization of waste glass in construction material such as blocks. The main aim of the study is to gain knowledge about the mechanical properties and physical properties of the blocks and other products produced with waste glass, to reduce the waste glass in landfill by producing sustainable construction material and to overcome the demand of aggregates and clay.

In August 2018, the southern Indian state of Kerala received unusually heavy rainfall leading to largescale flooding and destruction. Reliable flood inundation maps derived from remote sensing techniques help in flood disaster management activities. The freely available Sentinel-1A/B SAR data have the potential for flood inundation mapping due to its all-weather imaging capability. In this study, temporal dual-pol Sentinel-1 SAR data have been utilized. Single-date ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 commercial SAR data were also used to fill the gap between Sentinel-1 acquisitions during the peak flood-period. Two flood-mapping approaches, viz. rule-based classification in case of temporal SAR data and histogram-based thresholding approach in case of single-date imagery, were utilized in the study. Also, flood inundation mapping with different data constraints, i.e. availability of single-date and multi-date imagery has been analysed and discussed. The obtained results were validated with multiple data sources like survey data and secondary data from government agencies. An overall accuracy of 90.6% and a critical success index of 81.6% were achieved with the proposed rule-based classification approach. This study highlights the potential of the combination of Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 data for flood inundation mapping.

The prosthetic hand is a device used for the amputee to make them capable of doing daily life stuff. Losing upper limbs is not just a physical loss it also affects the way that person sees their life, they start feeling disabled all the time. This event grows and make them disabled mentally or by god if they can handle it even though people will remind them time to time about their disabilities which may lead to suicide or even worse. To join hand to hand and to makes more abled than disabled, we are introducing prosthetic hand at the cheapest price. It’s not that this event is the only device in the market but I could say this event is the cheapest one with these many qualities. It could not be very good looking but it could be better than a decent one. Disability does not differentiate by the salary of a person or capability of someone, so this should be affordable to most of them. In the west, we have some country who can make prosthetic at an affordable price but their money and employment are stronger than us. So, a project like this can make a difference. The concept partially fulfilled the goals and targets set at the outset of the project. The initiative originally had four primary goals. The first goal is to create a tool like a prosthetic hand that can help an amputee with hand loss accomplish simple everyday tasks. Because of all the EMG signal calculation of various hand movements performed on a person who does not lose his her hand the system can only partially accomplish this goal.

The global automotive industry is faced with the task of reducing global greenhouse gas emissions generated by vehicle exhaust. Heavy machinery like trucks, trailers, off-road vehicles, etc. powered by the diesel engines. These vehicles emit large quantities of NOx and smoke emissions. The simultaneous reduction of both emissions is the key challenge for the automotive industry. Burning a homogeneous charge at relatively low temperature seems to be the means to control both the emissions simultaneously. In this experimental study, the combustion, performance and emissions characteristics of a premixed charge compression Ignition Engine (PCCI) with ethanol injected in the intake manifold of the engine along with biodiesel (Palm oil methyl ester) injected directly into the combustion chamber. The experiments were carried out in a four-stroke, single cylinder vertical water cooled, constant speed diesel engine with the range of 10- 30% premixed ethanol fuel from no load to full load condition is studied. The experiments were conducted with an engine operating in PCCI mode with biodiesel – ethanol blends in dual fuel mode. The experimental results showed that there was a slight increase in Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon monoxide (CO) but there was a reduction in Nitrous-oxide (NOX) and Smoke emissions for the blend containing 70% biodiesel and 30% ethanol.

A lot of technologies have been introduced to retain the petrol engines which exhibit a lot of drawbacks based on emissions and knocking. Variable compression ratio (VCR) technology is applied in the line of SI engines for a long period to give back the standards. This paper is going to analyze and experiment on a commercially available type of VCR technologies. The investigation can provide a great method of varying the compression ratio that is put forth, practically analyzed, and previewed with a change from the previous paper and taken to an account to restrict the compression ratio of +/-1.5. In this analysis, we use the same technology as commercially used two-stroke engines but the clearance volume is changed and introduces a metallic bung on the burning chamber. We have performed the test by varying the compression ratios to more or less than two from the original compression ratio. At lesser weight conditions, a low compression ratio is maintained throughout the experiment to boost up the turbocharger to get a better amount of volumetric efficiency without any trouble. The engine is tested at various compression ratios for the performance study and emissions from the power source at various load conditions. While adopting this method in commercial, we can achieve a potentially higher fuel economy, more power, lower emission compared to other available technologies in ongoing research.

Objective: To identify the incidence of anemia in type 2 diabetic mellitus in a rural population and its prognostic value. Methodology: This is prospective observational study conducted at RMMCH, Chidambaram; the study comprises of 250 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetic mellitus. Age of greater than 18 years, Risk factor such us hypertension and CAD were included in the study. Age of less than 18 years, anemia due to chronic blood loss, anemia due to other secondary causes and patient on treatment for anemia is excluded from the study. In patients with diabetic mellitus, HbA1c, Complete Blood Picture, Smear study, were done after obtaining consent detail from patients. Result: In the present study out of 250 populations females was dominated by 160/250(64%) with mean age group of 60±13 were mean duration of diabetes being 4.1±3 years and mean hemoglobin level was 11.3 ±2%, the comorbid condition such us CAD and Hypertension was present in 90 and 110 patients respectively. Mean HbA1c value was 8.4±2.1. Normocytic Normochromic anemia was present in 25% of anemic patients; Microcytic Hypochromic anemia was found in 35%, Macrocytic Hyperchromic is 32% and Dimorphic anemia was present in 8%. Conclusion: Anemia is present in 74% of the study population which point towards the need of hematological evaluations and care needed for the diabetic patients for better outcome in rural population.

We present this unusual fracture in order to stress the importance of being aware of the existence of open fractures of patella in 2-year-old child. Fractures of the patella are rare in children, as the patella is largely cartilaginous and has great mobility. Normally in this age closed patellar fractures cannot be diagnosed radiologically as the ossification starts only after 3 years of age. Our case is an open transverse patellar fracture in a two-year-old girl which is treated with transcartilagenous absorbable sutures, which is not found reported in the literature.

The Earth is entailing the largest landscapes about 57,268,900 square miles best suits as a habitat for diverse species. The economic growth, industrialization, human population and agriculture widely hinge on the flat land. Unfortunately, the traditional method for surveying a land, guaranteeing the ownership and maintaining the records seems burdensome matter to the officials. In the traditional way, the land surveying consists of ten stages spanning more than two weeks to register a land to the concerned offices. Eventually, many disputes arise in the ownership, land boundaries, and locality. Therefore, the problem has been resolved by using a modern technological collaboration of IoT (Internet of Things), GPS (Global Position System), and Biometrics systems. In this paper, the real samples are taken from different resources to survey precisely along with certainsecurity measures are implied with the uniqueness of the regulations pertaining to the registration ultimately running in a short span of time. The proposed technique have several advantages over the existing schemes such as enhanced security feature system, compatible with the IoT systems, and can be accesse during multiple platforms such as mobile phone, tablets, laptop, desktop, etc.

This Innovated model of Darrieus Straight bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine system is the construction of a Three-bladed rotor system with each modified turbine blades suited to withstand on different circumstances. The modified blades are thus adjusted in a manner of the air flow striking close enough on the rotor. This paper presents a mean for reducing the loss of air flow during the process of a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) by modifying each blade. The model was designed in such a way that one part of the turbine has an additional semicircular plate attached on the direction of wind, while the second rotor has a alteration in this design with air deviating wing which proves to be efficient. This modification results in the maintaining the lift and drag force on wind-blades. The generator can be driven by this modified Darrieus SBVAWT system to produce electricity, especially for agricultural purposes. For this purpose, three dimensional CFD analyses have been performed on a straight-bladed Darrieus-type rotor. The Darrieus rotors have been designed using CATIA and the model was tested for computing mesh by CFD software for finding the various factor of the VAWT system. The performance was analyzed and a result of the Darrieus rotor was obtained, which shows that this model can purely withstand. The changes made in the design of the turbine blades have proved to be efficient.

Emergency planning is important to prevent accidents in handling of hazardous chemicals, handling of heavy machines, electrical supplies and natural disasters which affect the environment and the community negatively and taking necessary steps to prevent the impacts. The facilities available in the institutions are studied and analysed. After the complete study of the emergency plan in the institutions suggestions were given to improve the safety systems. The emergency exit layout was designed and implemented in the laboratories. The entry in and exit design were prepared and executed in the laboratories to escape during the emergency conditions. To prepare emergency plan the details were collected during the handling of heavy machines, hazardous chemicals, and electrical supplies in the institution laboratories.

Background: Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children. Correct knowledge regarding oral rehydration therapy (ORT) helps prevent morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoea. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers of under-five children regarding ORT and home management of diarrhoea.Methods: Study period from December 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2017, total of 200 mothers were enrolled in this study. The data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and percentages were calculated.Results: 95% of mothers were aware about ORS. ORS was given by parents on own in16%, 55% were advised by doctor. Only 60% knew how to prepare ORS correctly. About 45.7% had used bottle to give ORS and 55.3% used cup and spoon. About 67.9% had knowledge of quantity of ORS to be given during diarrhoea episode. Exclusive breast feeding was practised in 86% of mothers till 6 months of age. Misconceptions about the use of ORS were seen in 60% and more among illiterates. About 21% mothers’ felt ORS should be stopped if diarrhoea continues. Only 5% of mothers felt ORS can be given even if child has vomiting. About 9% mothers felt no fluids should be given during diarrhoea.Conclusions: Mothers’ knowledge and attitude on use of ORS in diarrhoea need to be improved.

Phishing is web based criminal activity of making innocent online users to reveal sensitive information into fake web sites. Such fake web sites lead to fraudulent charges against individuals and corporations. Phishers have a lot of methods to design and host phished web pages, so in reality there cannot be a single solution that can help us combat phishing. As technology advances, the phishing techniques being used are also getting advanced and hence it demands the anti-phishing techniques also to be upgraded and the new techniques are to be included along with the existing methods. But most of the anti-phishing techniques today do not satisfy these criteria. In this paper, we propose service oriented three-layer architecture model for detecting and identifying phishing web sites as it overcomes the shortcomings of existing anti-phishing solutions. This model enables us to separate the user interface layer from the anti-phishing components layer. This is done through web service middleware layer, which provides us with the freedom of building our own anti-phishing components layer in an efficient and flexible way, independent of other layers. Anti-phishing components layer provides a set of reusable components to convert webpage into feature vectors using finest heuristic methods and external repositories of information. The feature vectors act as an input to trained support vector machine classifier to generate phishing label which determines whether a webpage is legitimate or a phishing page. This when experimented, displayed the significance and importance of three-layered architecture model along with combination of heuristics in detection of phishing webpage. This results in high accuracy of 99 % with less than 1 % of false positive rate.

Objective: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the commonest compression neuropathy of upper limb in practice and is extensively studied condition. Objective assessment of motor function is useful to evaluate outcome after surgical procedure. There appears to be controversy on which motor function change recovery after the release. This study was conducted to compare pinch and grip strength of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome undergoing release to normative values preoperatively and postoperatively. Methods: Clinical information collected on grip and pinch strength of 50 hands with carpal tunnel syndrome was compared to appropriately match normative data. Findings: There were definite improvements in strength after 4 weeks postsurgical release and some subjects continued to have significant deficits compared to the normative data. Applications: Patients with carpal tunnel syndrome have moderate to large weakness in grip and pinch strength in comparison to normative data. Carpal Tunnel Release may reduce this weakness; however, carpal tunnel syndrome patients may often have with residual problems at 4 weeks and may take up to 1 year to resolve completely

In a recent updating world moves related to automation and its improvements but only thread to pause to its electricity. Because it could not be automated and its need to be generated by using different way of methods. In that the Electricity is one the greatest demands that keeps increasing day by day. To feed its supply the necessity of improved power generation techniques is in need. Combustion of coal is one of the traditional methods of producing electricity in developing countries like India. So, it is necessary to have a good optimized boiler to generate power in thermal power plants. The coal fed in should be completely utilized for combustion as the coal is imported at a high rate. But the amount of un-burnt carbon found in the bottom ash slips down the efficiency of a boiler. Here we are going to analyses the causes for more number of un-burnt in bottom ash and methodology to reduce it thereby the efficiency of the boiler gets increased.

The performance of Switch and Stay Combiner (SSC) over `independent' and `independent and identically distributed' (i.i.d.) K fading channels is analyzed and evaluated in this paper. The K distribution used to model composite fading channels can be obtained by averaging the conditional Rayleigh Probability Density Function (PDF) over the Gamma PDF. Expressions for the outage probability, moments of the output signal and the average bit error probability for noncoherent modulation schemes of the dual branch SSC receiver are derived in terms of the Meijer's G-function. The analysis of optimum switching threshold is also carried out. The proposed mathematical analysis is accompanied with various numerical evaluation results to demonstrate and study the effect of different system parameters such as fading parameter, input average SNR, switching threshold SNR and modulation schemes on the performance of the receiver.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems represent a huge market in the commercial arena. Products from suppliers such as SAP, Oracle and more recently, Microsoft, dominate the software market. Testing in these projects is a significant effort but is hardly supported by methods and tools other than those provided by the suppliers themselves. Experience shows that testing in these projects is critical, but often neglected. Recent 'lessons learned' work by the Paul Gerrard indicates that a benefit, risk- and coverage-based test approach could significantly reduce the risk of failures. It is evidence that modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC) is an effective verification method and can help to detect safety faults despite of its expensive cost. In regression testing, it is quite costly to return all of test cases in test suite because new test cases are added to test suite as the software evolves. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the test suite to improve test efficiency and save test cost. Many existing test-suite reduction techniques are not effective to reduce MC/DC test suite. This paper proposes a new test-suite reduction technique for MC/DC: a bi-objective model that considers both the coverage degree of test case for test requirements and the capability of test cases to reveal error. Our experiment results show that the technique both reduces the size of test suite and better ensures the effectiveness of test suite to reveal error.