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The US banking system has experienced stress in 2023 with four regional banks failing and the Federal Reserve hiking interest rates. The latest challenge is potential defaults from commercial real estate, since the pandemic has normalized remote work in large cities. Will banks kick this can down the road or are some willing to take the hit now, betting on smaller losses a few years from now? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic has hit the world since the end of 2019 and has damaged the world economy, including Indonesia. Banking as a financial institution that provides funding to companies is also affected. Because the pandemic has reduced the company's performance, and this decline in performance has had an impact on banking. The aim of this research is to test whether the Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on the relationship between risk factors and bank performance. Bank performance is measured by profitability which consists of return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), while bank risk in this study consists of credit risk, liquidity risk, capital, operational risk and the Covid-19 pandemic. The population in this research is the Regional Development Banks (BPD) in Indonesia totaling 34 banks with a sample of 30 banks. The observation period was 4 years with quarterly data so that 320 observation data were collected. Hypothesis testing uses panel data regression, and to select the best regression model, the model will be tested using the Chow-test, Hausman-test, and Lagrange Multiplier test. After the model test was carried out, the fixed effect model was selected as the best model. The research results show that credit risk and operational risk have a significant and negative influence on all profitability, both ROA and ROE. Meanwhile, liquidity risk (LDR) has no effect on both types of profitability, while capital has an effect on ROE but has no effect on ROA. Another interesting result is that the Covid-19 pandemic has no impact on the influence of risk on bank performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a quarterly sample of the 19 biggest US banks—i.e., four universal banks and fifteen regional banks—we find, with the help of a robust GMM method accounting for the endogeneity of bank diversification in fee-based income, that low interest rates induce banks—especially the Big 4—to shift their business model toward fee and commission sources of income. Concomitantly, the regulatory constraints imposed on banks after the subprime crisis—principally on liquidity, trading and fee business lines—are partly responsible for a structural decrease in bank performance. We also find that the vanishing of securitization fees has depressed the risk-adjusted ROA of regional banks, while the decrease in the contributions of charges on deposits and trading might have impaired the performance of universal banks. To mitigate the reduction in their ROA, big US banks seem to get more involved in riskier non-traditional activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Japan several policy measures have been implemented for promotion of sharing research facilities and equipments and universities have been working for it. This trend is expected to improve achievements of Japanese scientific research by promoting accessibility to research facilities and equipments, not only for academia but also for industry and regional community. As this issue covers a lot of policy area, the author recently constructed a project in which 4 bureaus of Ministry of Higher Education, Sports, Culture, Science and Technology (MEXT) and academic researchers are involved. The project is proceeding a research and policy proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the analysis of ways to improve the efficiency of regional banks in the regions of the Russian Arctic. The approaches to the allocation of regional banking structures and the features of the organization of their activities are considered. Based on the analysis of the research of the leading authors, the positive influence of regional banks on the stability of socio-economic systems of the subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as on financial support for the implementation of regional economic processes, confirmed the thesis on the effectiveness of the implementation of various schemes of interaction between authorities and credit institutions for the development of the region, including by granting a credit institution a special status (a reference bank, authorized bank, partner bank). The authors highlighted criteria for determining the regions, for which it is effective to create a regional bank with a model of organizing activities based on interaction with authorities. Regional banks, operating in the regions of the Russian Arctic, are in detail studied, the directions of their specialization and the features of the models of organization of their activities are highlighted. The conditions and the need to create regional banks with a special status in the regions of the Russian Arctic, including supporting regional banks, are analyzed. It is concluded that currently there is a need and potential for the creation of such banks in such regions of the Russian Arctic as the Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions, the Komi Republic. The article provides recommendations for improving the efficiency of regional banks operating in the Murmansk region (PJSC Murmansk Social Commercial Bank) and in the Komi Republic (PJSC Northern People’s Bank) as well as for creating on their basis supporting regional credit organizations whose activities will contribute to the development of financial systems of these subjects of the Russian Federation.

Purpose: Cities remain an understudied unit of analysis for understanding the motives of multinational enterprises' (MNE) foreign direct investment (FDI), with subnational locations in International Business (IB) research to date predominantly captured via the phenomenon of agglomeration. As regional integration projects, such as the European Union and to a lesser degree NAFTA, increasingly reduce the importance of national institutional environments, this paper argues regional and subnational levels become more important for studying MNE location choice. This paper aims to evaluate the explanatory contribution of regional and subnational levels of analysis to understanding MNE location choice. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative deductive bottom-up multiple-case study research design is adopted to study the city location choices and FDI motives of six automotive and six commercial banking companies. These purposefully sampled manufacturing and service MNEs have different home countries and regional orientations. Data on their foreign investments across the extended Triad of Europe, North America and Asia-Pacific were collected for the time period of 2000–2021. Findings: Findings suggest that different classes of city tend to attract specific types of FDI and that these patterns might vary across sectors and be influenced by the regional strategic orientations of MNEs. Industry-specific findings reveal the importance of related and support industries and partners in a city location for the automotive MNEs, while the commercial banks seek investment opportunities in cities that allow acquisition targets that have an attractive customer based and will improve their local market knowledge. Originality/value: The findings provide evidence in support of MNEs in manufacturing and service industries perceiving the attractiveness of three city types in different ways across the Triad regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue that coverage caps on Federal Deposit Insurance (FDI), a vestige of the 1933–2005 era when premia were neither risk-priced nor regularly assessed, have become not only anachronistic—a bank law equivalent of the human tailbone—but dangerous. The failure of Silicon Valley Bank in early March of 2023, followed by more regional bank failures thereafter, shows why. I then show how readily uncapped, progressively tiered, risk-priced FDI can be extended to all banks in a manner lending far greater resilience, at no risk of "bailouts," to the banking sector. But far more, I argue, will come of this. By eliminating the advantage now held by "Big 4," generic TBTF Wall Street Banks, the reform will effectively undo a great deal of the 1990s, with all its attendant bank concentration, financialization, and deindustrialization. A revival of regional and sector-specific banking of this kind seems especially fitting as we embark on a grand national project of "Making America Make Again." An Appendix includes draft legislation now before both Houses of the U.S. Congress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discard mortality is an important factor to consider when managing catch‐and‐release fisheries. Even low levels of discard mortality can induce population‐level effects particularly in long‐lived, low‐productivity species like Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Unfortunately, little is known about the effects of catch‐and‐release angling on Lake Sturgeon physiology and probability of discard mortality. We used controlled angling events with standardized gear to capture 96 Lake Sturgeon from August to October 2019 from four regional locations in Wisconsin, USA. We evaluated the physiological effects of angling and activation of the stress response using whole blood concentrations of lactate and glucose as well as assessment of reflex impairment and postcapture monitoring of recovery time. Lactate levels were positively related to fight duration and the fight duration × total length interaction. Glucose level was related to the time a fish spent out of water postangling event. Water temperature had a positive effect on the probability of reflex impairment and the probability that a sturgeon required recovery time. The recovery duration was positively related to the amount of time that the fish was out of water. The movements of a subset of 15 individuals from one location were monitored using acoustic telemetry for approximately 2 weeks postangling. All individuals showed continuous up‐ and downstream movement during the postrelease monitoring period, and there was no evidence of mortality related to the angling events. Managers considering catch‐and‐release fisheries for Lake Sturgeon should consider population‐specific relative abundance and catch rates. They should exercise caution in scenarios when seasonal aggregations may lead populations to be susceptible to high catch rates, during times of elevated water temperatures, or the combination of these factors. The Lake Sturgeon in this study appeared to be robust to angling‐induced stress effects. Nevertheless, caution is still warranted, as low levels of discard mortality have the potential to influence low‐productivity species like Lake Sturgeon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research indicates a substantial decline in the number of local banks over the past 40 years. This decline has been particularly stark in rural areas, though it extends across the rural–urban spectrum. An associated decline in relational lending is hypothesized to drive a reduction in several indicators of rural resilience. Given the association between the presence of local banks and positive economic resiliency indicators, this research takes a natural next step by using demand threshold techniques to measure the impact of local bank presence on the thresholds for manufacturing and retail businesses in specific industries. We present comparisons to the influence of local (single-commuting zone) and regional (multi-commuting zone) bank presence on both local and regional businesses to account for firm extent. Findings indicate that local banks influence establishments' demand thresholds, though the size of the relationship varies by the establishment's industry and firm extent, rather than rurality, as previous evidence suggests. Given these findings on the value of local banks, a resultant policy question relates to the feasibility of the preservation of local banks and if local factors can contribute to their resilience. Thus, the paper concludes with a second threshold analysis comparing the impact of local factors on the count of local and regional bank establishments themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a simulation model to evaluate the effects of river flooding events occurring within Germany on regional banks. Under a 1.5 °C increase in temperature, the impact is overall rather small, even accounting for the devaluation of loans exposed to floods. Specifically, climate related risks would increase bank losses by 0.1% with large variability across NUTS2 regions. However, under a 3 °C increase, bank losses increases up to 1% of total assets. We show that the implementation of adaptation solutions would be successful in keeping risks at the current level. By supporting adaptation initiatives, such as investing in climate-resilient infrastructure or providing financial services to support sustainable practices, banks can play a crucial role in building the resilience of the financial sector and reducing the overall impact on the economy. • The paper evaluates the effect of flood events on regional banks in Germany. • Floods increase overall bank losses by 0.1% under the current temperature level. • Losses could increase up to 0.9% with a 3 °C temperature increase. • Banks operating in dangerous regions should take measures to safeguard themselves. • Adaptation strategies can reduce the impacts on banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a multidimensional method for measuring and evaluating museum resilience holistically. The research highlights the lack of a framework for understanding the level of resilience in museums and the contribution of museums to resilience. To this end, a model is presented based on three enabling dimensions, namely, structure, people, and relationships. The model is applied to the museums of the Marche region's "seismic crater" (Italy). Qualitative information and data drawn from the regional authority's Museum Information System were evaluated using exploratory analysis techniques. On the basis of a cluster analysis, four categories of museums are identified according to their degree of resilience. The results suggest that human resources is an area that is commonly in need of upgrading. Nevertheless, the evidence on the heterogeneity of the clusters in terms of structure and relationships calls for a diversified approach to identifying priorities, investments, and public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a sample of bank loans to firms operating in the Greek tourism sector, and regional variation of tourism activities to identify the strategic defaulted firms, we examine the impact of bank consolidation on the firms' payment behavior. We show that a merger-induced impairment of the lending relationship is related to a higher likelihood of strategic default by the target bank's borrowers. In contrast, mergers with a limited impact on the lending relationship have no effect on the probability of strategic default of target bank's borrowers. The results highlight the importance of relationship lending benefits in mitigating strategic default risk. Our findings are robust to the alternative interpretation of soft budget constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has since long recognized the social and economic imperatives for greater financial inclusion, and it has made a significant contribution to economic development by developing novel methods to empower the lower-income group. The Govt. & banking industry have taken the lead in promoting financial inclusion. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has taken numerous steps over the years to increase access to the poorer segments of society, beginning with bank nationalization, priority sector lending requirements for banks, the lead bank scheme, the establishment of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), the service area approach, the self-help groupbank linkage programme, and so on. RBI also launched NCFE (National Centre for Financial Education) which is not for profit organization aims to promote financial education across India through trainings programs, workshops, seminars for all sections of the population. As per National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (NSFI, 2019- 2024) report minute data is required to depict a proper image of how financial services are used and covered. Some countries have begun to implement legislative measures. This research aims to better understand the concept of financial inclusion in the Indian banking sector. Furthermore, this paper discusses various initiatives undertaken by the Reserve Bank of India and also tries to analyse progress of schemes as well as the future prospects of financial inclusion in Indian banking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to present a brief historical overview of the performance of the Regional Development Bank of the Far South (BRDE) in these 61 years of existence and the perspectives for the future. To do so, it begins by approaching the context of its creation and the advances made in the first decades. Then, the paper describes the recent performance of the development institution, highlighting the financing contracts, the strategy of diversifying the sources of resources, the financial results, the support to innovation and the actions of socio-environmental responsibility. Next, it discusses the BRDE's position in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, which generated restrictions on production activity and the mobility of people. The study subsequently highlights the BRDE's future agenda, showing the advance of its own methodology that shows the adherence of the Bank's contracts to the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Regional Vision 2040 project and the proposal to create the South Fund. Finally, the final considerations express the main ideas presented throughout the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper explores the effect of natural disasters on the profitability and solvency of US banks. Design/methodology/approach: Employing a sample of 187 large-scale natural disasters that occurred in the United States between 2000 and 2014 and a sample of 2,891 banks, we examine whether and how disaster-related damages affect various measures of bank profitability and bank solvency. We differentiate between different types of banks (with local, regional and national operations) based on a breakdown of their state-level deposits and explore the reaction of these banks to damages weighted by the GDP of the states they operate in. Findings: We find that natural disasters have a pronounced effect on the net-income-to-assets and the net-income-to-equity ratio of banks, as well as the banks' impaired loans and return on average assets. We also observe significant effects on the equity ratio and the tier-1 capital ratio (two solvency measures). Interestingly, the latter are positive for regional banks which appear to benefit from increased customer deposits related to safekeeping, government payments for post-disaster recovery, insurance payouts and decreased withdrawals, while they are significantly negative for banks that operate locally or nationally. Originality/value: We contribute to the literature by offering various new insights regarding the effects natural disasters have on financial institutions. With climate change-driven natural disasters widely expected to increase both in terms of frequency and severity, their economic fallout is likely to impose an increasing burden on financial institutions. Large, nationally operating banks tend to be well diversified both geographically and in terms of their product offerings. Small, locally operating banks, however, are increasingly at risk – particularly if they operate in disaster-prone areas. Current banking regulations generally do not factor natural disaster risks into their capital requirements. To avoid the next big financial crisis, regulators may want to adjust their reserve requirements by taking this growing risk exposure into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of the paper are to explore the recent liquidity stress situations encountered by the regional banks in the United States of America (with a particular focus on Silvergate Bank and Silicon Valley Bank, both headquartered in California) and to provide a descriptive viewpoint on the regulatory framework, prudentiality and financial management issues, including accounting aspects and corporate governance. The research methodology pertains to the cause-effect analysis and the dynamics of changes over time and to the synthesis of documented authentic public resources of information, giving substance to the main findings. The paper explores the causes and the consequences of the failing banks from the perspective of implications to the current regulatory environment and prudential requirements, with a view to the financial markets functioning. It analyses the business models and the rootcauses that led to the recent distress in the first quarter of the year 2023 in the US banking system. The conclusions draw evidence on how clustered liquidity stress and fast-unfolding bank runs became risk factors, in a context where regulatory environment allowed for a more relaxed supervisory stance on banks and the rising interest rates in an inflationary economy affected the market value of financial instruments as means of liquidity in banks' portfolios. Still, despite some particular situations pertaining to some US banks, the US banking sector remains resilient, with significant risk-absorbing capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review the five different phases lived by Economic Notes during its first 50 years. First, its foundation and early phase—until 1983—received great support from Monte dei Paschi and also benefited from a windfall since Robert A. Mundell attracted to Siena an international network of top economists, policy makers and executives, facilitating high‐quality submissions to the Journal. When Mundell's meetings stopped (in 1978), Economic Notes had already secured a good reputation and had become a champion of a pluralist approach, accepting papers from different disciplines and views. In the second phase—from 1984 to the mid‐1990s—the Journal, led by a qualified Editorial Board lived continuity but also some new directions emerged. Economic Notes became better connected to the local Faculty of Economics. Also, the drive towards pluralism of the early years was refocused to safeguard access by different economic schools rather than different disciplines. In those years, Monte dei Paschi too transformed from a mostly regional bank into a national and international player, thus demanding less visibility support from the Journal. Those events blurred the initial mission and started distancing the Bank from the Journal. The third phase—from mid‐1990s to early 2000s—saw the maximum productivity and visibility of Economic Notes. Monte financed Conferences with great resonance also owing to an exceptional Advisory Board. In the fourth phase—from 2004, when the Conferences became rare, to 2012—the performance worsened. Communication between the Bank and the Journal grew more difficult, complicating any planning for the future. The fifth phase— from 2012 to 2019—aimed to relaunch the Journal without a significant support from the Bank, which had entered a period of difficulties of its own. The planned way out of this situation was to develop a series of Special Issues through dedicated Calls for Papers. As we show, that strategy delivered some results and, in effect, Economic Notes' performance rebounded. Nevertheless, Monte was progressively disengaging from the Journal, which, eventually, was sold to Wiley, the publishing partner. The sixth and last phase of the Journal—from 2019 to 2021—under the new ownership by Wiley marked a gradual transformation. In the end, it seems that the publishing venture initiated in 1972 is still making progress and providing a pluralist forum for discussion. The journey of Economic Notes is still on! [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critics charge that agriculture has reached an unsustainable level of consolidation and expropriation, as exemplified by the supply-chain breakdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. Simultaneously, advocates suggest the current system serves consumers well by keeping prices low and access to choices high. At the center of this debate rests a disagreement over how to compute market power to identify monopolies and oligopolies. We propose a method to study power across different sectors by using Social Network Analysis (SNA) to analyze key players, the presence of core-periphery structures, and agricultural consolidation. We test our market network approach to power through an analysis of the top ten pork powerhouses. We find that Big Finance is closely tied to Big Ag, and that key players limit the capacity for more peripheral actors, like growers, equipment producers, and regional banks, to engage in the network. We identify system level risk of collapse and suggest pathways for reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of green credit on banks has been widely verified. This paper systematically combs the internal mechanism of the impact of green credit on high-quality sustainable development of banks and studies the relationship between green credit and high-quality sustainable development of banks by using unbalanced panel data of Chinese listed banks from 2007 to 2019. The results show that green credit will significantly promote high-quality sustainable development of banks, which remains valid after controlling for relevant variables and robustness test. The further test results show that the impact of green credit on high-quality sustainable development of banks will be affected by green environment supervision and monetary policy. Green environment supervision and loose monetary policy promote the positive impact of green credit on high-quality sustainable development of banks. The heterogeneity test results show that the impact of green credit on high-quality sustainable development of banks is significantly different among banks with different business scope and different size, and the positive impact of green credit on high-quality sustainable development of small-scale banks and regional banks is more significant. This paper enriches the research of the impact of green credit on banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to find out the performance of the Grameen Banks of West Bengal after their merger. Design/methodology/approach – The objective of the paper is to measure the performance of Paschim Banga Gramin Bank (PBGB) and Bangiya Gramin Vikash Bank (BGVB) after their amalgamation, to compare the performance of PBGB and BGVB, using the key performance indicators and to analyze the future scope of these two banks. The factors that are considered for this study are number of branches (if these banks could reach maximum of the rural mass), number of staffs (if these banks generated employment after the merger), investments, deposits, composition of total funds (owned funds and borrowed funds), lending services, productivity per branch and per staff, etc. The study uses statistical tools to analyze the data. Findings – It has been observed that there exists a significant difference in the “Branch Network” of PBGB and BGVB. A significant difference has been observed in the “Number of Staffs” of PBGB and BGVB. It has been found that there is a significant difference in the “three type of funds” of PBGB and BGVB. It has been found that there is a significant difference in the “Investments” of PBGB and BGVB. A significant difference has been observed in the “Deposits” of PBGB and BGVB. It has been found that there is a significant difference in the “Outstanding Loan” amount of PBGB and BGVB. It has been observed that there is a significant difference in the “Loan Issued” amount of PBGB and BGVB. It has been found that there is no significant difference in the Productivity “Per Branch” and “Per Employee” of PBGB and BGVB. Research limitations/implications – The study is based on the published/secondary data and is restricted to two Regional Rural Banks of West Bengal, the PBGB and the BGVB, for nine years, 2012–2020. Social implications – The paper will help the future researchers, to know the performance of the Grameen Banks for the study period; this will help them to carry on with the study in the future. Originality/value – The work is original and never sent to anywhere else for publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The introduction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody rapid testing (RT) in resource-limited settings has proven to be a successful intervention to increase access to prevention measures and improve timely linkage to care. However, the quality of testing has not always kept pace with the scale-up of this testing strategy. To monitor the accuracy of HIV RT test results, a national proficiency testing (PT) program was rolled out at selected testing sites in Ghana using the dried tube specimen (DTS) approach. Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, 635 HIV testing sites, located in five regions and supported by the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), were enrolled in the HIV PT program of the Ghana Health Service National AIDS/STI Control Programme. These sites offered various services: HIV Testing and Counselling (HTC), prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and Antiretroviral Treatment (ART). The PT panels, composed of six DTS, were prepared by two regional laboratories, using fully characterized plasma obtained from the regional blood banks and distributed to the testing sites. The results were scored by the PT providers according to the predefined acceptable performance criteria which was set at ≥ 95%. Results: Seven rounds of PT panels were completed successfully over three years. The number of sites enrolled increased from 205 in round 1 (June 2015) to 635 in round 7 (December 2018), with a noticeable increase in Greater Accra and Eastern regions. The average participation rates of enrolled sites ranged from 88.0% to 98.0% across the PT rounds. By round 7, HTC (257/635 (40.5%)) and PMTCT (237/635 (37.3%)) had a larger number of sites that participated in the PT program than laboratory (106/635 (16.7%)) and ART (12/635 (1.9%)) sites. The average testing performance rate improved significantly from 27% in round 1 to 80% in round 7 (p < 0.001). The highest performance rate was observed for ART (100%), HTC (92%), ANC/PMTCT (90%) and Laboratory (89%) in round 5. Conclusion: The DTS PT program showed a significant increase in the participation and performance rates during this period. Sub-optimal performances observed was attributed to non-compliance to the national testing algorithm and testing technique. However, the implementation of review meetings, peer-initiated corrective action, supportive supervisory training, and mentorship proved impactful. The decentralized approach to preparing the PT panels ensured ownership by the region and districts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Athenaeum: Polskie Studia Politologiczne is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Security Studies Nicolaus Copernicus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There has been a remarkable increase of the regional banking operations across the African continent over the past two decades. This resulted from macroeconomic improvements and economic growth. As a result, African banks increased their geographical operations to emerge as regional groups holding a considerable market share compared to their historically predominant competitors. However, the literature on the pan-African banking industry to understand better this phenomenon is still scarce, which limits having a bigger and inclusive picture of all the key elements influencing this noteworthy growth. This research paper articulates a review based on previous academic research works, and highlights the most important opportunities that regional banks seized, as well as the challenges they faced in order to lead their cross-border banking operations successfully across the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to measure the level of total factor productivity of the Indian banking sector and to identify both the bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants of the total factor productivity after the global subprime mortgage crisis. Design/methodology/approach: The research sample consists of 61 commercial banks including 21 public sector banks, 18 private sector banks and 22 foreign banks. The annual data is collected from the website of Reserve Bank of India from 2008 to 2019. The authors employed the non-parametric DEA approach to estimate Malmquist total factor productivity index for each bank as well as across different ownership groups. The panel data estimation technique was used to identify the determinants of total factor productivity. Findings: The results suggested that an increase in the technological shift raised the bank's productivity above the optimal frontier. Among the bank-specific determinants, the bank size and bank diversifications are significantly declining productivity, whereas credit-deposit ratio and return on asset significantly increasing productivity. Among the macro-specific determinants, inflation, growth rate and fiscal deficit ratio negatively affect productivity, whereas capital formation to the GVA ratio boosts the level of productivity. Research limitations/implications: The authors have used intermediate method to select the inputs and outputs as per the suitability to the context. However, the disaggregate level such as state and district level analysis can be done using production and value-added approaches to explore the regional variations of the banking performance. Furthermore, the parametric methods such as stochastic frontier analysis can be used to examine banking performance, which the authors left for the future research. Practical implications: This study suggested that banks should increase the economies of scale of their total assets and focus on the interest-earning activity. The banks need to proactively operate the business policy by following the changing path of inflation. The banks need to reduce their rate of fiscal-deficit to the GVA with the purpose to boost their level of productivity. Originality/value: The study provides an important implication for bankers and policymakers in terms of heightening the banking performance during the period of dynamic economic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real estate price growth affects credit risk for several reasons: it provides input for economic forecasts as it's closely tied to economic growth; when used as collateral by banks, rising real estate prices may decrease both expected and actual losses; and banks may become less risk averse in lending practices in the presence of rising property prices. Therefore, we analyze these effects on loan portfolios' estimated and realized risks on a local level. Using data of 390 German savings banks, however, we find that real estate prices have little or no impact on savings banks' credit portfolio risk or risk precautions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores and explains the internal and external institutionalization of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries via a case study of the New Development Bank. It contributes to the existing literature on the BRICS and the New Development Bank by identifying internal and external factors of institutionalization and by presenting the most recent developments in the field. The internal and external channels of cooperation complement the traditional one based on hosting annual joint BRICS summits. In 2014, these five countries institutionalized their cooperation with an agreement to establish this Bank. The recently established various New Development Bank regional offices play an essential role in its internal and external institutionalization. The New Development Bank is still very much in development. Nonetheless, the internal and external institutionalization approaches provide useful conceptual lenses to understand BRICS cooperation via the New Development Bank better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is the first to examine mergers and acquisitions among small, regional stakeholder banks that belong to the same group. Using data on Finnish unlisted cooperative and savings banks, we investigate the relationship between bank-specific factors and the likelihood of a bank being an acquirer or an acquisition target. We find that large banks tend to acquire small and inefficient banks. Additionally, we examine the loan growth and find a negative (positive), statistically significant association with the likelihood of a bank being an acquisition target (acquirer). Finally, we document an increase in the likelihood of a bank being an acquisition target subsequent to an increase in the share of net fees and commission income against total assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dominance of the banking sector shows that the banking industry plays an important role in driving the economy in Indonesia. As part of the national banking industry, Regional Development Banks (RDB) are required to contribute to the economy through optimal performance. One of the important indicators in measuring company performance, including in the banking industry, is the level of efficiency. Efficiency in the banking industry can be observed from a micro and macro perspective, which leads to the ability of banks to survive in conditions of increasingly fierce competition in technology-based products and services, as well as the ability of banks to allocate financial resources to increase investment activities that can stimulate the economy. Therefore, this study examined the level of cost and profit efficiency of the RDB industry in Indonesia for the 2011–2020 period, as well as the internal and external variables that affect RDB inefficiency using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). The results show that there are no RDB's efficient in cost and profit. Furthermore, the variables capital adequacy ratio and technology investment impact on increasing cost and profit efficiency, opposite with non-performing loan. Therefore, to optimize the xRDB's cost and profit efficiency, the main thing that must be done includes managing and improving good quality loans as well as optimizing idle funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]