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In this article the author discusses the Russian revolution of February 1917 and challenges the popular scholarly view that the revolution was a spontaneous event. He attributes the organization of the revolution to the radical leaders of the Central Military-Industrial Committee (Tsentral'nyi voenno-promyshlennyi komitet, CMIC) of Petrograd. According to the author, the CMIC allied with the proletariat to precipitate a bourgeois revolution to overthrow the Tsarist regime. He notes the actions of CMIC chairman Aleksandr Ivanovich Guchkov in directing conspiratory revolutionary activity and forming the Provisional Government.

Two, lesser known Decembrists were exiled to Siberia as a result of their involvement in the uprising of 1825. The first, Nikolai Chizhov, was one of a handful of Decembrists sentenced by Emperor Nicholas I's Supreme Criminal Court to exile to settlement (ssylka na poselenie). The second, Aleksandr Lutskii, was like most Decembrists sentenced to penal labour (katorga); however, unlike such well known Decembrists as Trubetskoi and Rozen he was tried by a military court rather than the Supreme Criminal Court and consequently faced much harsher conditions. Historian Aleksandr Margolis has classified Lutskii as one of the 'soldier-Decembrists,' in contradistinction to those 'aristocrat-Decembrists' assigned to Chita and later transferred to Petrovskii Zavod. English-language works on the Decembrists routinely avoid discussion of the 'soldier-Decembrists' or those who were, like Chizhov, exiled to settlement; and among Russian sources Margolis's research is exceptional. Using archival and secondary sources this article expands upon Margolis's work to analyse these individuals' experiences in Siberia. Although both men were atypical of the majority of Decembrists exiled to Siberia, analysis of their experiences highlights the importance of class within the punitive structures of Nicolaevan Russia and elucidates certain administrative procedures which characterized the bureaucratic apparatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Decembrists and the concept of a civic nation. Decembrists are members of secret societies which were part of the Northern Society and the Southern society but have similar concepts of a nation. This research explores the history of conventional nationalism between the East and the West. How the unions of citizens became the foundation of sovereign citizen people.

This article analyzes gender representations of Chechen veiled women and masked men in the Terror in Moscow documentary, an account of the October 2002 Chechen rebel siege of a Moscow theater. Because the documentary is novel in its use of original footage recorded during the siege, it provides several issues to discuss related lo objective accounts versus constructed reality in nonfiction films and how gender representations fit into mediated reality. As part of the "circuit of culture," the documentary follows dominant notions of what it means to be feminine and masculine in the media. By deconstructing the documentary's structure and analyzing the ideological representations of gender, the analysis reveals that film represents female and male rebels differently by questioning and attempting to explain women's involvement while accepting men's involvement as "natural." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article comments on the fictional works of Polish-British writer Joseph Conrad. According to the author, Conrad has exposed in his works, the cultural and political heritage of Poland under Russian imperialism. He said that Conrad's works are romantic, idealistic, and radically Western Europe who fights against the oppression of Russian autocracy. The author added that the conflict between Western individualistic idea and Eastern autocratic reality came to end in Conrad's short story written after his novel "The Prince." The author said that reconciliation between the individualistic idea and the oppressed reality of the community, marks the birth of Polish nation when Russia was defeated in the Japanese war.

Presents the author's views on Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin, a Russian poet. Comment on the poems of Pushkin on freedom; Information on the views of Decembrists who felt that the freedom Pushkin stood for was of a different nature, even though Pushkin agreed with them in demanding political and civil freedom; View on the poem "The Poet and the Crowd," by Pushkin.

Focuses on Russian Engineer Steinberg. Cases against Steinberg; Profile of Steinberg; Political activities during student years; Conspirational activities of Russian revolutionaries during 1906 to 1017.

The article discusses female participation in several radical movements in Russia with examples from as early as 1870. The author argues that the socialist view of female enslavement as an element of capitalism allowed for gender egalitarianism among revolutionaries. Integral to the Marxist cause, the emancipation of women was considered an ingredient to the overall social revolution; due to this, the revolutionary atmosphere of late 19th and early 20th century Russia was uniquely conducive to female activism as compared to other countries.

The article offers a look on the situation of Aleksandr Feodorovich Kerensky, a Russian revolutionary, after his forces was conquered by the anarchist Bolsheviki, and was deserted by his officers. Due to the twist of fate, the author stressed that there is a widespread belief that the world has got wind the last of Kerensky.