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Sustainability means that the current use of resources does not compromise the well-being of future generations. Ever since Malthus (1798) hypothesized that population tends to grow faster than the growth of resources to support the population, people have claimed that current resource use is unsustainable, so future generations will be materially worse off than those in the present, yet for more than two centuries this has not been the case. The reason is that markets, and market prices, act to conserve scarce resources, and in market economies, entrepreneurs have an incentive to discover more efficient ways to use resources. The claim that twenty-first-century capitalist economies are not sustainable is not supported by the evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Towards an Economics of Natural Equals: A Documentary History of the Early Virginia School By David M. Levy and Sandra J. Peart New York: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. xvi, [...]

Abstract Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have anti‐inflammatory properties that may have clinical utility in treating severe pulmonary manifestations of COVID‐19. SSRIs exert anti‐inflammatory effects at three mechanistic levels: (a) inhibition of proinflammatory transcription factor activity, including NF‐κB and STAT3; (b) downregulation of lung tissue damage and proinflammatory cell recruitment via inhibition of cytokines, including IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β; and (c) direct suppression inflammatory cells, including T cells, macrophages, and platelets. These pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19. In this review, we will compare the pathogenesis of lung inflammation in pulmonary diseases including COVID‐19, ARDS, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), describe the anti‐inflammatory properties of SSRIs, and discuss the applications of SSRIS in treating COVID‐19‐associated inflammatory lung disease.

Maintaining hand hygiene has been an essential preventive measure for reducing disease transmission in public facilities, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The large number of sanitizer stations deployed within public facilities, such as on university campuses, brings challenges for effective facility management. This paper proposes an IoT sensor network for tracking sanitizer usage in public facilities and supporting facility management using a data-driven approach. Specifically, the system integrates low-cost wireless sensors, LoRaWAN, and cloud-based computing techniques to realize data capture, communication, and analysis. The proposed approach was validated through field experiments in a large building on a university campus to assess the network signal coverage and effectiveness of sensor operation for facility monitoring. The results show that a LoRaWAN created from a single gateway can successfully connect to sensors distributed throughout the entire building, with the sensor nodes recording and transmitting events across the network for further analysis. Overall, this paper demonstrates the potential of leveraging the IoT-based Sanitizer Station Network to track public health mitigation methods in a large facility, which ultimately contributes to reducing the burden of maintaining public health during and post-pandemic.

Purpose of Review: Detail the evolution, utility, and future directions of the da Vinci SP® in pediatric urology, focusing on perioperative outcomes and intraoperative details. Recent Findings: The SP has been safely and successfully utilized in various pediatric urological procedures, from pyeloplasty to nephroureterectomy to appendicovesicostomy. Reports indicate mixed operative times but similar hospital stays and postoperative outcomes compared to multiport (MP) robotic surgery. The learning curve for transitioning from MP to SP systems in pediatric patients appears manageable, though the smaller abdominal circumference in children poses a notable challenge. This review assumes that SP systems will primarily be acquired for adult services, not considering initial and ongoing costs to hospital systems. Summary: The SP serves as a complementary option, rather than a replacement, for MP robotic surgery in pediatric urology, offering potential advantages in specific scenarios. Cosmetic outcomes with the SP appear at least as favorable as MP surgery, but further research is needed. Future research should focus on patient-centered outcomes to optimize SP robotic surgery use in pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A marketing simulation represents a comprehensive and integrative business environment in which students actively manage firms that compete against each other. This article describes how marketing simulations harness digital disruption to enhance learning processes and outcomes and (ultimately) prepare students for their future careers. The article focuses on comprehensive marketing simulations, which have more decision variables and incorporate authentic competition, rather than "play against the machine" games. It defines digital disruption as the change that occurs when new digital technologies change customer experiences, business processes, and business models, thereby changing how value is cocreated. The article begins by describing how simulations capture digital disruption in the marketplace and harness it to improve students' learning experiences and outcomes. The description reflects the authors' experiences with the LINKS suite of simulations (www.LINKS-simulations.com), as well as the experiences of other instructors and students. The article then discusses pedagogical opportunities and class activities that enhance learning experiences connected with digital disruption in business ecosystems. It closes by emphasizing three best practices for marketing educators. The discussion applies to undergraduate, MBA, executive MBA, and programs targeted at other student groups (e.g., in-house corporate programs).

This is a case of a 21-year-old male, African American Division I basketball player with a fibula stress fracture. The athlete initially reported pain, without distinct injury and was diagnosed with a stress fracture. After a short period of immobilization in a walking boot, this individual opted to undergo surgical intervention consisting of an intramedullary screw inserted in his left fibula. This was in consultation with the orthopedic team physician and orthopedic trauma surgeon. After a brief period of rest and continued immobilization in a walking boot, weight bearing as tolerated, the patient was able to start rehabilitation. He continued rehabilitation and progressive return to activity and was able to return to limited practice approximately 4 weeks. He played 13 min of a game in under 5 weeks (31 days). Stress fractures are not uncommon in basketball players, but a fibula stress fracture is one not often seen, and there is a paucity of data in the literature regarding this injury. A nonoperative approach to treatment of a fibula stress fracture typically yields good results but may lead to longer return than a surgical intervention. Providing athletes options for treatment may result in a quicker recovery. This case demonstrates a novel treatment option resulting in a quicker return to play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Federal government research grants provide limited funding to plastic surgeon-scientists, with reconstructive research taking precedence over aesthetic research. The Aesthetic Surgery Education and Research Foundation (ASERF) is a nonprofit, 501(c)(3) organization that seeks to support innovative, diverse research endeavors within aesthetic surgery. A total of 130 ASERF-funded studies and 32 non-funded applications from 1992 to 2022 were reviewed. Kruskal Wallis, Fisher's exact, and chi-squared tests were utilized to assess the potential relationship between self-identified gender, practice setting, geographical location, and study type with individual grant amounts and grant funding decision. Although significant differences were observed between male and female grant recipient h-indices (P <.05), there were no differences in the amount of funding they received (P >.05). Grant amounts were also consistent between study types as well as principal investigator practice settings and geographical locations (P >.05). The subanalysis revealed that the practice setting of the primary investigator (PI) was the only variable to exhibit a significant association with the decision to award funding (P <.05). Further, of the 61 applicants between 2017 and 2022, only 2 PIs self-identified as female. ASERF serves as an excellent funding source for global aesthetic surgery. To promote further research diversification, increased emphasis should be placed on recruiting applicants from outside academia and those who identify as female or gender nonbinary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

American institutions of higher education are experiencing a rapid change in academic staffing, leaving the tenure model for a more flexible, contingent workforce. Nearly two in five of all full-time instructional staff holds non-tenure-eligible positions as term-limited academic appointments. This study compared faculty appointment types by traditional areas of teaching, research, and service by utilizing the National Study of Postsecondary Faculty 2004 data. Statistical results indicated tenured and tenure-track faculty far outperform contingent faculty in all three traditional areas: teaching, research, and service. This is of substantial concern. Since contingent faculty are rapidly increasing, it brings into question who is doing the work and how it affects production in areas of teaching, research, and service.

BackgroundNext generation sequencing (NGS) allows the detection of minor variant HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs). However data from new NGS platforms after Prevention-of-Mother-to-Child-Transmission (PMTCT) regimen failure are limited.ObjectiveTo compare major and minor variant HIV DRMs with Illumina MiSeq and Life Technologies Ion Personal Genome Machine (PGM) in infants infected despite a PMTCT regimen.Study designWe conducted a cross-sectional study of NGS for detecting DRMs in infants infected despite a zidovudine (AZT) and Nevirapine (NVP) regimen, before initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy. Sequencing was performed on PCR products from plasma samples on PGM and MiSeq platforms. Bioinformatic analyses were undertaken using a codon-aware version of the Smith-Waterman mapping algorithm and a mixture multinomial error filtering statistical model.ResultsOf 15 infants, tested at a median age of 3.4 months after birth, 2 (13%) had non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) DRMs (K103N and Y181C) by bulk sequencing, whereas PGM detected 4 (26%) and MiSeq 5 (30%). NGS enabled the detection of additional minor variant DRMs in the infant with K103N. Coverage and instrument quality scores were higher with MiSeq, increasing the confidence of minor variant calls.ConclusionsNGS followed by bioinformatic analyses detected multiple minor variant DRMs in HIV-1 RT among infants where PMTCT failed. The high coverage of MiSeq and high read quality improved the confidence of identified DRMs and may make this platform ideal for minor variant detection.

Culled whole grapefruit (WG) and grapefruit juice processing residues (GP) are currently incorporated into low-cost animal feed. If individual chemical components found within these side streams could be recovered as high-value coproducts, this would improve the overall value of the grapefruit crop. In this study, pectic hydrocolloids, sugars, volatiles, phenolics, and flavonoids were extracted from Star Ruby, Rio Red, and Ruby Red GP and WG using a continuous pilot scale steam explosion system. Up to 97% of grapefruit juice oils and peel oils could be volatilized and contained 87–94% d-limonene. The recovery of pectin, as determined by galacturonic acid content, was between 2.06 and 2.72 g 100 g−1. Of the phenolics and flavonoids analyzed in this study, narirutin and naringin were extracted in the amounts of up to 10,000 and 67,000 μg g−1, respectively.