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Pattern-illuminated Fourier ptychography (piFP) is an elegant combination of structured illumination imaging and a Fourier ptychographic algorithm with the ability to image beyond the diffraction limit of the employed optics. Artifact-free piFP super-resolution reconstruction requires a high level of stability in the illumination pattern. However, unpredictable pattern variation occurs in the presence of environment perturbation, intensity fluctuation, and pointing instability at the source, leading to declines in image reconstruction quality. To address this issue, we present an efficient and robust piFP algorithm based on low-rank approximation (LRA-piFP), which relaxes the requirement for the stability of illumination patterns. This LRA-piFP method can model frame-wise pattern variation during a full scan, thus improve the reconstruction quality significantly. We take numerical simulations and proof-of-principle experiments with both long-range imaging and microscopy for demonstrations. Results show that the LRA-piFP method can handle different kinds of pattern variation and outperforms other state-of-the-art techniques in terms of reconstruction quality and resolution improvement. Our method provides effective experimental robustness to piFP with a natural algorithmic extension, paving the way for its application in both macroscopic and microscopic imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The constant increase in temperatures under global warming has led to a prolonged aestivation period for Apostichopus japonicus, resulting in considerable losses in production and economic benefits. However, the specific mechanism of aestivation has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we first tried to illustrate the biological mechanisms of aestivation from the perspective of the gut microbiota and metabolites. Significant differences were found in the gut microbiota of aestivating adult A. japonicus (AAJSD group) compared with nonaestivating adult A. japonicus (AAJRT group) and young A. japonicus (YAJRT and YAJSD groups) based on 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing analysis. The abundances of Desulfobacterota, Myxococcota, Bdellovibrionota, and Firmicutes (4 phyla) in the AAJSD group significantly increased. Moreover, the levels of Pseudoalteromonas, Fusibacter, Labilibacter, Litorilituus, Flammeovirga, Polaribacter, Ferrimonas, PB19, and Blfdi19 genera were significantly higher in the AAJSD group than in the other three groups. Further analysis of the LDA effect size showed that species with significant variation in abundance in the AAJSD group, including the phylum Firmicutes and the genera Litorilituus, Fusibacter, and Abilibacter, might be important biomarkers for aestivating adult A. japonicus. In addition, the results of metabolomics analysis showed that there were three distinct metabolic pathways, namely biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, tryptophan metabolism, and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis in the AAJSD group compared with the other three groups. Notably, 5-hydroxytryptophan was significantly upregulated in the AAJSD group in the tryptophan metabolism pathway. Moreover, the genera Labilibacter, Litorilituus, Ferrimonas, Flammeovirga, Blfdi19, Fusibacter, Pseudoalteromonas, and PB19 with high abundance in the gut of aestivating adult A. japonicus were positively correlated with the metabolite 5-HTP. These findings suggest that there may be potential biological associations among the gut microbiota, metabolites, and aestivation in A. japonicus. This work may provide a new perspective for further understanding the aestivation mechanism of A. japonicus.

Objective To establish a neural network model based on enhanced CT for distinguishing ISUP grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods We collected 131 cases of ccRCC, with 92 cases of low ISUP grade and 39 cases of high ISUP grade. Patients were divided into training set and validation set according to 5:5 stratified sampling. The enhanced CT images of each ccRCC patient were evaluated by the radiologist. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) was used to reduce the dimension of patients' general features and enhanced CT features, which was used for neural network modeling and validation. Results Patients' general features and enhanced CT features were verified by RFE method and then reduced to 14 features. The top 5 features were growth pattern, necrosis, enlargement of lymph nodes, tumor size and capsule. The AUC of the neural network model based on these 5 features in training set was 0.8844 (95%CI: 0.8062-0.9626), sensitivity was 89.47% and specificity was 82.61%; and those in validation set were 0.7924 (95%CI: 0.6567-0.9280), 75.00% and 86.96%, respectively. Conclusion The neural network model of ccRCC ISUP grade based on enhanced CT has relatively high diagnostic efficiency.

Whether and when differentiation strategies affect firms' environmental, social and governance (ESG) involvement remains unclear. Based on resource‐based view and behavioral theory of the firm, we propose that as the degree of differentiation strategies increases, firms' motivation to engage in ESG increases. Additionally, we propose that performance shortfalls moderate the relationship between differentiation strategies and a firm's ESG involvement. Specifically, we argue that historical performance shortfalls enhance this relationship, whereas social performance shortfalls weaken it. Using a large longitudinal dataset constructed from empirical data on Chinese listed companies from 2011 to 2020, we find strong support for these theoretical arguments. This study extends the differentiation strategies, and ESG literature by providing the first large sample of evidence that differentiation strategy is a key factor in facilitating firms' ESG involvement. The findings of this study also help firms to enhance their ESG practices by revisiting their existing strategies and relative performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Bacterial enteritis is the most important disease in lamb for breeding greatly affects the growth of animals. Changes in the community of intestinal flora can cause the disorder of the colonic environment induced diarrhea. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the incidence of bacterial enteritis and the number of intestinal microbiome, then the prevalence of drug-resistant genes was detected. Fecal samples were collected at five fattening sheep farms with different incidence of bacterial enteritis, pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified, drug sensitivity tests were performed. Then, changes in number and structure of intestinal flora were compared by 16S rDNA V3-V4 region high-throughput sequencing, and the ARGs were detected using high-throughput real-time PCR. Our results revealed that the microbial communities were positively correlated with the incidence of bacterial enteritis in different farms. Bacterial communities were higher in YJ (with highest incidence of diarrhea) than any other farms. However, the ARGs seemed not to be more affected by the incidence of bacterial enteritis, but one of the significant findings to emerge from this study is that MCR-1 and NDM are detected in manure. This study has provided an insight of the changes occurring in intestinal flora and AGRs in fattening sheep farms with diverse incidence of bacterial enteritis.

Structural vibrations in Tip-Tilt modes usually affect the closed-loop performance of astronomically optical telescopes. In this paper, the state of art control methods-proportional integral (PI) control, linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control, disturbance feed forward (DFF) control, and disturbance observer control (DOBC) of Tip-Tilt mirror to reject vibrations are first reviewed, and then compared systematically and comprehensively. Some mathematical transformations allow PI, LQG, DFF, and DOBC to be described in a uniform framework of sensitivity function that expresses their advantages and disadvantages. In essence, feed forward control based-inverse model is the main idea of current techniques, which is dependent on accuracies of models in terms of Tip-Tilt mirror and vibrations. DOBC can relax dependences on accuracy model, and therefore this survey concentrates on concise tutorials of this method with clear descriptions of their features in the control area of disturbance rejections. Its applications in various conditions are reviewed with emphasis on the effectiveness. Finally, the open problems, challenges and research prospects of DOBC of Tip-Tilt mirror are discussed.