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The effect of glucose on nitrogen removal and microbial communities in the anammox-denitrification systems was investigated. The optimal nitrogen removal could be achieved when the influent glucose concentration was 56.4 mg L −1 . The influent nitrite to ammonium ratio of 0.95–1.40 would not obviously affect the nitrogen removal due to the coexistence of anammox, denitrification and partial denitrification. The anammox activity was deteriorated with increasing glucose concentration. When the influent glucose concentration was increased to 374.9 mg L −1 , the average ammonium removal efficiency decreased from 97% to around 10% and anammox activity was seriously inhibited. The anammox activity quickly recovered with decreasing influent glucose and increasing influent nitrite. High-throughput sequencing analysis suggested that the predominant genus changed from Candidatus Kuenenia to Diaphorobacter with the addition of glucose and then changed to Hydrogenophaga with the decrease of glucose. It indicated that organics concentration had an effect on the microbial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic reconnection, the rearrangement of magnetic field topologies, is a fundamental plasma process throughout the universe, which converts magnetic energy to plasma kinetic energy and results in particle energization. A current sheet is a prerequisite for the occurrence of magnetic reconnection. It has been well documented that reconnecting current sheets are prevalent in turbulent plasmas. However, how these current sheets are formed remains unclear. Among natural plasmas, the region downstream of the Earth's bow shock, the magnetosheath, is one of the most turbulent. Here, we show that the reconnecting current sheets in the turbulent magnetosheath originate from the waves in the region upstream of the shock. Once excited, the upstream waves are transmitted across the shock, compressed, and then transformed into current sheets in the downstream region. Magnetic reconnection subsequently occurs in these downstream current sheets. This process can be generalized to various shocked plasmas in astrophysical and laboratorial environments where turbulent magnetic reconnection should be common.

Breaking through the traditional 1,7,3,5-aryl substituted aza-BODIPY structure, asymmetric aza-BODIPYs, tBu-azaBDPs, containing non-aryl group at 3-site were prepared for the first time. tBu-azaBDP exhibited a severely twisted configuration. tBu-azaBDPs had a near-infrared fluorescence emission and high molar extinction coefficients. Although the barrier-free rotation of the distal - t Bu group in tBu-azaBDP resulted in low fluorescence quantum yield, the photothermal conversion efficiency was markedly enhanced. tBu-azaBDP nanoparticles with laser irradiation were revealed to induce cell apoptosis in photothermal therapy. We consider that development of aza-BODIPYs with the barrier-free rotation of the - t Bu group at 3-site provides a strong platform for design of phototherapy agents for cancer treatment in photothermal therapy by apoptosis.