273 results on '"Repräsentativität"'
Search Results
52. Krise oder Unterstützung der (repräsentativen) Demokratie in Deutschland? Die Entwicklung der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte 1991-2018
- Abstract
Mehr als 3 Jahrzehnte sind seit Beginn der wirtschaftlichen und politischen Umbrüche in Osteuropa und der Wiedervereinigung Deutschlands vergangen. Doch auch heute noch sind Fragen über die Verfassungswirklichkeiten der "neuen" Demokratien sowie über die Werte, Normen und Einstellungen der Menschen von Relevanz. In Deutschland zeigen sich weiterhin Unterschiede zwischen Ost- und West, zum Beispiel im Anteil sogenannter "unzufriedener DemokratInnen": Während diese die Demokratie stützen, haben sie häufig nur wenig Vertrauen in politische Institutionen wie in das Parlament oder die Regierung (vgl. Klingemann 2014). Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt den Fokus auf die Frage, wie sich allgemeine Bewertungen von PolitikerInnen in Bezug zur Erfüllung wichtiger demokratischer Prinzipien auf die Zufriedenheit mit der Demokratie auswirken. Dazu werden Befragungsdaten aus der Allgemeinen Bevölkerungsstudie (Allbus) genutzt, die zwischen 1988 und 2018 erhoben wurden. Es zeigt sich, dass Bewertungen "der Politiker" in Bezug zu ihrem Eingehen auf die Menschen (Responsivität) sowie in Bezug zur Vertretung des Volkes (Repräsentativität) die Demokratiezufriedenheit maßgeblich mit beeinflussen. Für AnhängerInnen der Partei "Die Linke" und der AfD sind die Bewertungen von Responsivität und Repräsentativität auf die Demokratiezufriedenheit teilweise von noch stärkerer Bedeutung. Mit der Untersuchung von Einstellungen zu politischen Prozessen legt der Beitrag den Schwerpunkt auf einen Teil der politischen Kultur, der bisher in der Forschung weniger Beachtung gefunden hat.
- Published
- 2020
53. Using field monitoring strategies to improve panel sample representativeness: Application during data collection in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
- Abstract
The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) is a multidisciplinary and crossnational face-to-face panel study of the process of population ageing. For the sixth wave of data collection, we applied an adaptive/responsive fieldwork design in the German sub-study of SHARE to test actual possibilities and effects of implementing targeted monitoring strategies during fieldwork. The central aim of this design was to improve panel sample representativeness by attempting to achieve more equal response probabilities across subgroups. However, our findings show that we only partly met this goal. Although our adaptive design (interviewer bonus incentives for 80+ respondents) indicated some positive effects, very old panelists still participated less than average in the end. Furthermore, our responsive design measure (contact schedule optimization for young, still working respondents) during fieldwork appeared to be complicated to implement within the regular fieldwork conditions and therefore ineffective. Overall, our results are hence in line with Tourangeau (2015), who argued that respondent characteristics that are suitable for responsive fieldwork measures might in fact be of limited use for true bias reduction.
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- 2020
54. In Search of the Optimal Mode for Mobile Phone Surveys in Developing Countries: A Comparison of IVR, SMS, and CATI in Nigeria
- Abstract
Mobile phone surveys are increasingly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. The main modes include computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI), interactive voice response (IVR), and short message service (SMS, or text messaging). But there is surprisingly little research to guide researchers in selecting the optimal mode for a particular survey. To address this gap, this study compares cross-sectional CATI, IVR, SMS, and face-to-face (FTF) surveys of the general population in Nigeria. We ask four research questions: (1) What are production and response rates to CATI, IVR, SMS, and FTF surveys? (2) How representative (age, gender, education, marital status, literacy, household assets, urbanicity) are CATI, IVR, and SMS respondents relative to FTF respondents? (3) Can IVR and SMS provide an unbiased estimate of voting behavior? If there is bias, to what extent can weights reduce bias? (4) How does the cost and time differ across mobile phone survey modes? We find that FTF had the highest response rate (99%), followed by CATI (15%), IVR (3%) and SMS (0.2%). All mobile phone modes had substantial deficiencies with representativeness: mobile phones underrepresented women, older people, the less educated, and people in rural areas. There were differences in representativeness among mobile phone modes, but differences were relatively small and inconsistent. Both SMS and IVR produced biased estimates of voting relative to official statistics – but SMS was less biased than IVR. Weighting SMS and IVR data for demographic characteristics did not reduce bias. With regard to cost, we find that CATI is the most expensive mobile phone survey mode. For a survey of 3,000 completes, IVR is 43% the cost of CATI, and SMS is 24% the cost of CATI. SMS is significantly less expensive than IVR. We discuss the implications of these results for research and practice.
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- 2020
55. Der Fall Keetenheuve: zur Einordnung der Demokratiekritik im Treibhaus
- Published
- 2020
56. Representativeness of personality and involvement preferences in a web-based survey on healthcare decision-making
- Author
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Sören Möller, Michael J. Barry, Thea Linkhorst, Søren Birkeland, and Anders K. Haakonsson
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Male ,International Social Survey Programme: Work Orientations III - ISSP 2005 ,internet-based survey ,generalizability ,bioethics ,medical law [ZA4350 v2.0.0] ,Research methodology ,Health administration ,0302 clinical medicine ,Persönlichkeit ,Belgium ,survey research ,Germany ,Health care ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Finland ,Netherlands ,Cancer ,Representativeness ,media_common ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Norway ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Health Policy ,Internet-based survey ,Patient Preference ,Middle Aged ,Medical law ,Neuroticism ,Generalizability ,medical ethics ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,ddc:300 ,Gesundheitspolitik ,Switzerland ,Research Article ,Personality ,Agreeableness ,Canada ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Umfrageforschung ,representativity ,Sample (statistics) ,Repräsentativität ,Representativeness heuristic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Entscheidungsfindung ,Humans ,Generalizability theory ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Aged ,Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ,Internet ,Krebs ,ISSP ,business.industry ,Australia ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Methodenforschung ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Bioethics ,Health Surveys ,United Kingdom ,United States ,methodological research ,Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ,Medizinethik ,Patient Participation ,business ,Decision making ,New Zealand ,Demography - Abstract
Background Obtaining a sample that is representative of the group of interest is of utmost importance in questionnaire studies. In a survey using a state authorized web-portal for citizen communication with authorities, we wanted to investigate the view of adult men on patient involvement in health care decision-making regarding Prostate-Specific Antigen test for prostatic cancer. In this paper, we report on sample characteristics and representativeness of our sample in terms of personality and baseline involvement preferences. Methods We compared personality profiles (BFI-10) and baseline healthcare decision-making preferences (CPS) in our sample (n = 6756) to internationally available datasets. Pooled data from a) US, UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand (n = 1512), b) Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, and Belgium (n = 1136), and c) Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Denmark (n = 1313) were used for BFI-10 comparisons. Regarding CPS, we compared our sample with three previous datasets relating to decision-making in cancer (n = 425, 387, and 199). Results Although statistically significant differences particularly appeared in large dataset comparisons, sample BFI-10 and CPS profiles mostly were within the range of those previously reported. Similarity was greatest in BFI-10 comparisons with group a) where no statistically significant difference could be established in factors ‘agreeableness’ and ‘neuroticism’ (p = .095 and .578, respectively). Conclusion Despite some variation, our sample displays personality and baseline preference profiles that are generally similar to those described in previous international studies. For example, this was the case with the BFI-10 ‘agreeableness’ measure (incl. trust and fault-finding items), an important factor in healthcare decision-making.
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- 2020
57. Coronavirus-Related Health Literacy: A Cross-Sectional Study in Adults during the COVID-19 Infodemic in Germany
- Author
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Okan, Orkan, Bollweg, Torsten Michael, Berens, Eva-Maria, Hurrelmann, Klaus, Bauer, Ullrich, and Schaeffer, Doris
- Subjects
Male ,health promotion ,Online-Befragung ,lcsh:Medicine ,epidemic ,adult population ,Desinformation ,health behavior ,infodemic ,Germany ,Informationsverhalten ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Querschnittuntersuchung ,Health Policy ,adult ,public health ,HLS-EU-Q ,health ,coronavirus 2 ,Middle Aged ,health care ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,Gesundheitsförderung ,Gesundheitsverhalten ,ddc:300 ,Female ,Gesundheitspolitik ,Coronavirus Infections ,Kompetenz ,Adult ,health literacy ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Pneumonia, Viral ,competence ,representativity ,Federal Republic of Germany ,Epidemie ,Repräsentativität ,Article ,Betacoronavirus ,Young Adult ,Erwachsener ,information-seeking behavior ,Humans ,cross-sectional study ,survey ,Pandemics ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Gesundheitsvorsorge ,Gesundheit ,lcsh:R ,disinformation ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,online survey - Abstract
There is an &ldquo, infodemic&rdquo, associated with the COVID-19 pandemic&mdash, an overabundance of valid and invalid information. Health literacy is the ability to access, understand, appraise, and apply health information, making it crucial for navigating coronavirus and COVID-19 information environments. A cross-sectional representative study of participants &ge, 16 years in Germany was conducted using an online survey. A coronavirus-related health literacy measure was developed (HLS-COVID-Q22). Internal consistency was very high (&alpha, = 0.940, &rho, = 0.891) and construct validity suggests a sufficient model fit, making HLS-COVID-Q22 a feasible tool for assessing coronavirus-related health literacy in population surveys. While 49.9% of our sample had sufficient levels of coronavirus-related health literacy, 50.1% had &ldquo, problematic&rdquo, (15.2%) or &ldquo, inadequate&rdquo, (34.9%) levels. Although the overall level of health literacy is high, a vast number of participants report difficulties dealing with coronavirus and COVID-19 information. The participants felt well informed about coronavirus, but 47.8% reported having difficulties judging whether they could trust media information on COVID-19. Confusion about coronavirus information was significantly higher among those who had lower health literacy. This calls for targeted public information campaigns and promotion of population-based health literacy for better navigation of information environments during the infodemic, identification of disinformation, and decision-making based on reliable and trustworthy information.
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- 2020
58. Was beeinflusst die individuelle Bewertung der Performanz der Demokratie? Die Interaktion zwischen dem demokratischen Wissen der Bürgerinnen und Bürger und dem institutionellen Niveau der Demokratie
- Author
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Toralf Stark and Carsten Wegscheider
- Subjects
Allgemeines, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Methoden, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Politikwissenschaft ,Sociology and Political Science ,democracy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Politikwissenschaft ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,political culture ,representativity ,02 engineering and technology ,Mehrebenenanalyse ,Repräsentativität ,politisches Regime ,Politics ,Yardstick ,Democratization ,Regime support ,Democratic knowledge ,Multilevel modeling ,Cross-level interaction ,European Values Study (EVS) 2017 ,Regimeunterstützung ,Demokratisches Wissen ,Mehrebenenmodelle ,Cross-level Interaktion ,Political science ,050602 political science & public administration ,World Values Survey ,politische Kultur ,Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture ,politisches System ,autoritäres System ,vergleichende Politikwissenschaft ,Legitimacy ,media_common ,comparative political science ,politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,politische Unterstützung ,Stichprobe ,05 social sciences ,Authoritarianism ,political system ,authoritarian system ,Comparative politics ,sample ,Democracy ,0506 political science ,multi-level analysis ,political regime ,Political economy ,ddc:320 ,Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Political Science ,political support ,EVS ,Demokratie - Abstract
Alongside citizens’ belief in the legitimacy of democracy, public support for the political regime is crucial to the survival of (democratic) political systems. Yet, we know fairly little about the relationship between citizens’ democratic knowledge and their evaluation of democratic performance from a global comparative perspective. In this article, we argue that the cognitive ability of citizens to distinguish between democratic and authoritarian characteristics constitutes the individual yardstick for assessing democracy in practice. Furthermore, we expect that the effect of citizens’ democratic knowledge on their evaluation of democratic performance is moderated by the institutional level of democracy. We test these assumptions by combining data from the sixth and seventh wave of the World Values Survey and the third pre-release of the European Values Study 2017, resulting in 114 representative samples from 80 countries with 128,127 respondents. Applying multilevel regression modeling, we find that the higher a country’s level of democracy, the more positive the effect of democratic knowledge on citizens’ assessment of democratic performance. In contrast, we find that the lower the level of democracy in a country, the more negative the effect of citizens’ democratic knowledge on their evaluation of democracy. Thus, this study shows that citizens who are more knowledgeable about democracy are most cognitively able to assess the level of democracy in line with country-level measures of democracy. These results open up new theoretical and empirical perspectives for related research on support for and satisfaction with democracy as well as research on democratization. Die zentralen Werte und Normen, die das Überleben eines (demokratischen) politischen Systems sichern, sind neben dem Glauben der Bürgerinnen und Bürger an die Legitimität der Demokratie ihre öffentliche Unterstützung für das politische Regime. Allerdings wissen wir aus einer vergleichenden globalen Perspektive noch recht wenig über die Beziehung zwischen dem demokratischen Wissen der Bürgerinnen und Bürger und ihrer Einschätzung der demokratischen Performanz. In diesem Artikel argumentieren wir, dass die kognitive Fähigkeit der Bürgerinnen und Bürger, zwischen demokratischen und autoritären Merkmalen zu unterscheiden, den individuellen Maßstab für die Beurteilung der Demokratie in der Praxis darstellt. Wir erwarten zudem, dass der Effekt des demokratischen Wissens der Bürgerinnen und Bürger hinsichtlich ihrer Bewertung der demokratischen Performanz durch das institutionelle Niveau der Demokratie moderiert wird. Wir testen diese Annahmen unter Verwendung von Individualdaten aus der sechsten und siebten Welle des World Values Survey und des dritten pre-release der European Values Study 2017, woraus 114 repräsentative Stichproben aus 80 Ländern mit insgesamt 128.127 Befragten resultieren. Basierend auf der Anwendung von Mehrebenenmodellen kommen wir zu dem Ergebnis, dass der Einfluss des demokratischen Wissens auf die Bewertung der demokratischen Performanz durch die Bürgerinnen und Bürger umso positiver ist, je höher das Niveau der Demokratie eines Landes ist. Im Gegensatz dazu stellen wir fest, dass sich das demokratische Wissen der Bürgerinnen und Bürger umso negativer auf ihre Einschätzung der Demokratie auswirkt, je niedriger das Niveau der Demokratie in einem Land ist. Mit dieser Studie zeigen wir folglich, dass Bürgerinnen und Bürger, die über mehr Wissen über die Demokratie verfügen, kognitiv am ehesten in der Lage sind, das Niveau der Demokratie in Übereinstimmung mit Bewertungen der Demokratie auf der Länderebene zu beurteilen. Die Ergebnisse eröffnen darüber hinaus neue theoretische und empirische Perspektiven für die verwandte Forschung zur Unterstützung und Zufriedenheit mit der Demokratie sowie zur Demokratisierung.
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- 2020
59. Krise oder Unterstützung der (repräsentativen) Demokratie in Deutschland? Die Entwicklung der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte 1991-2018
- Author
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Busch, Kathrin B.
- Subjects
alte Bundesländer ,democracy ,Politikwissenschaft ,political attitude ,politische Einstellung ,political culture ,Westdeutschland ,ALLBUS 1980-2016 (ZA4586), Version 1.0.0 ,ALLBUS 2018 (ZA5270), Version 2.0.0 ,Federal Republic of Germany ,representativity ,Repräsentativität ,Allbus ,neue Bundesländer ,direkte Demokratie ,east-west comparison ,politische Kultur ,Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture ,Political science ,politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur ,Responsivität ,Politiker ,direct democracy ,Ost-West-Vergleich ,satisfaction ,Zufriedenheit ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,New Federal States ,old federal states ,ddc:320 ,Bewertung ,Ostdeutschland ,Demokratie - Abstract
Mehr als 3 Jahrzehnte sind seit Beginn der wirtschaftlichen und politischen Umbrüche in Osteuropa und der Wiedervereinigung Deutschlands vergangen. Doch auch heute noch sind Fragen über die Verfassungswirklichkeiten der „neuen“ Demokratien sowie über die Werte, Normen und Einstellungen der Menschen von Relevanz. In Deutschland zeigen sich weiterhin Unterschiede zwischen Ost und West, zum Beispiel im Anteil sogenannter „unzufriedener DemokratInnen“: Während diese die Demokratie stützen, haben sie häufig nur wenig Vertrauen in politische Institutionen wie in das Parlament oder die Regierung (vgl. Klingemann 2014). Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt den Fokus auf die Frage, wie sich allgemeine Bewertungen von PolitikerInnen in Bezug zur Erfüllung wichtiger demokratischer Prinzipien auf die Zufriedenheit mit der Demokratie auswirken. Dazu werden Befragungsdaten aus der Allgemeinen Bevölkerungsstudie (Allbus) genutzt, die zwischen 1988 und 2018 erhoben wurden. Es zeigt sich, dass Bewertungen „der Politiker“ in Bezug zu ihrem Eingehen auf die Menschen (Responsivität) sowie in Bezug zur Vertretung des Volkes (Repräsentativität) die Demokratiezufriedenheit maßgeblich mit beeinflussen. Für AnhängerInnen der Partei „Die Linke“ und der AfD sind die Bewertungen von Responsivität und Repräsentativität auf die Demokratiezufriedenheit teilweise von noch stärkerer Bedeutung. Mit der Untersuchung von Einstellungen zu politischen Prozessen legt der Beitrag den Schwerpunkt auf einen Teil der politischen Kultur, der bisher in der Forschung weniger Beachtung gefunden hat., Informationsdienst Soziale Indikatoren No. 65 (2020): Sonderausgabe: Veränderung durch Krisen? Solidarität und Entsolidarisierung in Deutschland und Europa. Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Jahr: 1989, Ausgaben pro Jahr: 2, Social Indicators Information Service No. 65 (2020). Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Year: 1989, Issues per Year: 2, Social Indicators Information Service, Informationsdienst Soziale Indikatoren
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- 2020
60. Die erste Welle der Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS1).
- Author
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Kamtsiuris, P., Lange, M., Hoffmann, R., Schaffrath Rosario, A., Dahm, S., Kuhnert, R., and Kurth, B.M.
- Abstract
Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
61. Wie „repräsentativ“ sind GKV-Daten? Demografische und soziale Unterschiede und Ähnlichkeiten zwischen einer GKV-Versichertenpopulation, der Bevölkerung Niedersachsens sowie der Bundesrepublik am Beispiel der AOK Niedersachsen.
- Author
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Jaunzeme, J., Eberhard, S., and Geyer, S.
- Abstract
Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
62. Rückgewinnung des Spanischen Parlaments (Cortes). Grundlegende Erwägungen zur Reform des spanischen Wahlsystems
- Abstract
Der vorliegende Artikel bietet eine konstruktive Kritik am aktuellen spanischen Wahlsystem und umfasst eine Reihe von grundlegenden Überlegungen, die auf eine Reform desselben abzielen. Die Arbeit geht von der Betrachtung des eigentlichen repräsentativen Prinzips aus, das in einer konstitutionellen Demokratie auf folgendes Ziel abzielt: Auf «die Rückgewinnung des Spanischen Parlaments (Cortes)» als repräsentativer Versammlung des spanischen Volkes. Das repräsentative Defizit und die wachsende Entkopplung der Bürger in Bezug auf das Parlament bilden den Ausgangspunkt, um Reformen bezüglich des Wahlsystems vorzutragen., This article raises some constructive criticism to the current Spanish election voting system which includes a series of basic considerations addressed at its reform. The article starts with the representative principle typical of constitutional democracy toward a particular aim, the one of «recovering Parliament» as the representative assembly of Spanish people. Representative deficit and the growing disengagement Spanish people have grown with regards to Parliament are the starting point to raise improvements in the voting system., El presente artículo plantea una crítica constructiva al actual sistema electoral español que incluye una serie de consideraciones básicas dirigidas a la reforma del mismo. El trabajo parte de la consideración del principio representativo propio de la democracia constitucional hacia una finalidad concreta, la de «recuperar las Cortes» como asamblea representativa del pueblo español. El déficit representativo y la creciente desconexión de los ciudadanos en relación con el Parlamento son el punto de partida para plantear mejoras respecto de la fórmula electoral.
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- 2019
63. Zum Machtfaktor 'Presse' in Indien
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- 2019
64. Contained or represented? The varied consequences of reserved seats for emigrants in the legislatures of Ecuador and Colombia
- Abstract
The legislatures of Colombia and Ecuador have reserved seats for their non-resident citizens (emigrants). This paper analyses the relationship between the formal, descriptive, and substantive dimensions of emigrant representation in their homeland legislatures. The analysis compares the legislative work of emigrant MPs (EMPs) with the legislative work of non-emigrant MPs (NEMPs) in Ecuador and Colombia. It presents a mixed methods approach that combines a quantitative text analysis based on an original dataset -composed of 35,446 floor speeches- with in-depth interviews with six EMPs. The results show that emigrant-related issues are significantly more salient in the legislature of Ecuador and Colombia suggesting that the effect of emigrant-reserved seats is correlated to the size of the external district. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that EMPs have a "mixed agenda" composed by emigrant and domestic-related issues. Finally, the article shows that the probability of classifying a speech as emigrant-related increases when it is given by an EMP and not a NEMP. This effect is stronger in Ecuador than in Colombia. All in all, the article shows evidence that configurations that allocate several EMPs are more efficient in achieving substantive representation.
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- 2019
65. Within-household selection of target-respondents impairs demographic representativeness of probabilistic samples: evidence from seven rounds of the European Social Survey
- Abstract
This paper examines the demographic representativeness of different types of probabilistic samples based on the results of seven rounds of the European Social Survey. Focusing on the distinction between personal-register and non-personal-register samples, it demonstrates that the latter exhibit systematically larger gender- and age-biases. Expanding upon a 'gold standard' evaluation based on external criteria derived from Eurostat population statistics, an internal criteria analysis leads to the conclusion that the inferior quality of surveys involving interviewer-driven within-household selection of target respondents results from interviewer discretion. Such interference results in the selection of individuals with higher levels of readiness and availability, which superficially improves survey outcome rates while yielding samples of actually inferior quality. The internal-criteria approach provides a straightforward and undemanding way of monitoring representativeness of samples, and proves especially handy when it comes to large cross-country projects, as it requires no data external to the survey results, and allows for comparing surveys regardless of possible differences in sampling frames, sampling design and fieldwork execution procedures.
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- 2019
66. Inferences based on Probability Sampling or Nonprobability Sampling: Are They Nothing but a Question of Models?
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The inferential quality of an available data set, be it from a probability sample or a nonprobability sample, is discussed under the standard of the representativeness of a sample with regard to interesting characteristics, which implicitly includes the consideration of the total survey error. The paper focuses on the assumptions that are made when calculating an estimator of a certain population characteristic using a specific sampling method, and on the model-based repair methods, which can be applied in the case of deviations from these assumptions. The different implicit assumptions regarding operationalization, frame, selection method, nonresponse, measurement, and data processing are considered exemplarily for the Horvitz-Thompson estimator of a population total. In particular, the remarkable effect of a deviation from the assumption concerning the selection method is discussed. It is shown that there are far more unverifiable, disputable models addressing the different implicit assumptions needed in the nonprobability approach to sampling, including big data. Moreover, the definition of the informative samples with respect to the expressed survey purpose is presented, which complements the definition of the representativeness of samples in the practice of survey sampling. Finally, an answer to the question in the title of this study is given and detailed reports regarding the applied survey design are recommended.
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- 2019
67. Chasing Hard-to-Get Cases in Panel Surveys: Is it Worth it?
- Abstract
In many population surveys, fieldwork effort tends to be disproportionately concentrated on a relatively small proportion of hard-to-get cases. This article examines whether this effort is justified within a panel survey setting. It considers three questions: (i) are hard-to-get cases that are interviewed different from other interviewed cases? (ii) do cases that require a lot of effort in one survey wave require a lot of effort in all waves? and (iii) can easy-to-get cases be re-weighted to eliminate biases arising from not interviewing hard-to-get cases? Using data from a large nationally representative household panel survey, we find that hard-to-get cases are distinctly different from easy-to-get cases, suggesting that failure to obtain interviews with them would likely introduce biases into the sample. Further, being hard-to-get is mostly not a persistent state, meaning these high cost cases are not high cost every year. Simulations confirm that removing hard-to-get cases introduces biases, and these biases lead to an understatement of the extent of change experienced by the population. However, we also find that under one of five fieldwork curtailment strategies considered, the bias in population estimates that would arise if the hard-to-get cases were not pursued can be corrected by applying weights. Nevertheless, this conclusion only applies to the curtailment strategy involving the smallest decline in sample size. Biases associated with curtailment strategies involving larger sample size reductions, and hence greatest cost savings, are not so easily corrected.
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- 2019
68. (Um-)Fragen über (Um-)Fragen: die Entstehung von Umfragedaten am Beispiel des European Social Survey (ESS)
- Abstract
Immer häufiger werden wir im Alltag und den Medien mit Umfragen und deren Ergebnissen konfrontiert, wissen aber oftmals nicht, wie wir deren Qualität und Vertrauenswürdigkeit einschätzen können. Dieser Aufsatz verdeutlicht am Beispiel des Umfrageprogramms European Social Survey (ESS), welche Standards Umfragen erfüllen sollten, um ein verlässliches Abbild der Meinungen und Einstellungen innerhalb der Bevölkerung zu liefern.
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- 2019
69. Über Trennungen erzählen: zur Milieuspezifik von Trennungslegitimationen und narrativen Identitäten
- Abstract
Despite the social normalisation and moral de-problematisation of separation and divorce, they are usually anything but normal or unproblematic events for those affected. The events have to be ordered, the separation needs to be legitimised and one's own identity requires rehabilitation; this can result in striking narrative dynamics in qualitative interviews dealing with separation. Previous research has revealed the connection between the form, content, and function of separation talk as well as social differentiation: role, gender, and socio-structural factors. To the functional analyses of the narratives, of 46 interviews (23 ex-couples) in our study "Couples after separation", we add, as a further and superordinate differentiation, the category of social milieu. We exemplify our argument that separation talk varies depending on this dimension by exploring the contrasting individualised and traditional milieus. They differ in a fundamental way in their relationship models and corresponding separation legitimations, and in their plausibility strategies and in their conception of what constitutes a desirable identity. Beyond the concrete subject of separation and separation talk, we also touch on two important aspects of qualitative research: the differentiation of milieus and the relationship between performance and representation in interviews., Trotz der gesellschaftlichen Normalisierung und moralischen Entproblematisierung von Trennung und Scheidung stellen diese für die Betroffenen für gewöhnlich alles andere als normale, unproblematische Ereignisse dar. Das Geschehen muss geordnet, die Trennung legitimiert und die eigene Identität rehabilitiert werden, was zu auffälligen Erzähldynamiken in Interviews der qualitativen Trennungsforschung führen kann. Neben der Analyse des Zusammenhangs von Form, Inhalt und Funktion von Trennungserzählungen konnte die bisherige Forschung auch einige soziale Differenzierungen aufzeigen: nach Rolle, Geschlecht und sozialstrukturellen Faktoren. Auf Basis einer narrativen, funktionalen Analyse von 46 Interviews (23 Ex-Paare) aus unserer Studie "Paare nach der Trennung" fügen wir als weitere, übergeordnete Differenzierung die Milieuunterscheidung hinzu, die in der Forschung zu Trennungsnarrativen bislang unbeachtet war und die die bisherigen Differenzierungen integriert. Unser Argument, dass Trennungsnarrative milieuspezifisch gestaltet sind, exemplifizieren wir anhand zweier kontrastiver Milieus: dem individualisierten und dem traditionalen Milieu. Diese unterscheiden sich in fundamentaler Weise in ihren Beziehungsleitbildern und entsprechenden Trennungslegitimationen, in ihren Plausibilisierungsstrategien und in ihrer Vorstellung dessen, was als erstrebenswerte Identität gilt. Über den konkreten Gegenstand von Trennungen und Trennungserzählungen hinaus weisen wir in diesem Beitrag auf zwei für die qualitative Forschung wichtige Aspekte hin: die Milieudifferenzierung und das Verhältnis von Performanz und Repräsentanz in Interviews.
- Published
- 2019
70. Rückgewinnung des Spanischen Parlaments (Cortes). Grundlegende Erwägungen zur Reform des spanischen Wahlsystems
- Abstract
Der vorliegende Artikel bietet eine konstruktive Kritik am aktuellen spanischen Wahlsystem und umfasst eine Reihe von grundlegenden Überlegungen, die auf eine Reform desselben abzielen. Die Arbeit geht von der Betrachtung des eigentlichen repräsentativen Prinzips aus, das in einer konstitutionellen Demokratie auf folgendes Ziel abzielt: Auf «die Rückgewinnung des Spanischen Parlaments (Cortes)» als repräsentativer Versammlung des spanischen Volkes. Das repräsentative Defizit und die wachsende Entkopplung der Bürger in Bezug auf das Parlament bilden den Ausgangspunkt, um Reformen bezüglich des Wahlsystems vorzutragen., This article raises some constructive criticism to the current Spanish election voting system which includes a series of basic considerations addressed at its reform. The article starts with the representative principle typical of constitutional democracy toward a particular aim, the one of «recovering Parliament» as the representative assembly of Spanish people. Representative deficit and the growing disengagement Spanish people have grown with regards to Parliament are the starting point to raise improvements in the voting system., El presente artículo plantea una crítica constructiva al actual sistema electoral español que incluye una serie de consideraciones básicas dirigidas a la reforma del mismo. El trabajo parte de la consideración del principio representativo propio de la democracia constitucional hacia una finalidad concreta, la de «recuperar las Cortes» como asamblea representativa del pueblo español. El déficit representativo y la creciente desconexión de los ciudadanos en relación con el Parlamento son el punto de partida para plantear mejoras respecto de la fórmula electoral.
- Published
- 2019
71. Empirische Ermittlung branchenspezifischer Tarifbindung: Methodische Machbarkeitsstudie.
- Author
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Apel, Helmut and Fertig, Michael
- Abstract
Copyright of AStA Wirtschafts- und Sozialstatistisches Archiv is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
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72. Klassifikation und Dokumentation diffuser Gliome.
- Author
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Romeike, B. F. M.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Radiologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
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73. Abschiedsbriefe und ihre Bedeutung innerhalb der Suizidologie.
- Author
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Eisenwort, B., Berzlanovich, A., Willinger, U., Eisenwort, G., Lindorfer, S., and Sonneck, G.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Nervenarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
74. Can Interviewer Observations of the Interview Predict Future Response?
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Plewis, Ian, Calderwood, Lisa, and Mostafa, Tarek
- Subjects
Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Millennium Cohort Study ,non-response ,representativity ,response propensity models ,ROC curve ,Stichprobe ,longitudinal study ,interview ,Repräsentativität ,Antwortverhalten ,sample ,Längsschnittuntersuchung ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ,millenium cohort study ,ddc:300 ,response behavior ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,lcsh:Statistics ,lcsh:HA1-4737 - Abstract
Interviewers made four observations related to future participation, respondent cooperation, enjoyment and whether the respondent found the questions difficult, for a large sample of face-to-face interviews at wave four of the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). The focus of the paper is on predicting response behavior in the subsequent wave of MCS, four years later. The two most predictive observations are whether the respondent is likely to participate in the next wave and whether they enjoyed the interview. Not only do these predict non-response at the next wave, they do so after controlling for other explanatory variables from earlier waves in a response propensity model. Consequently, these two interviewer observations improve discrimination between respondents and non-respondents at wave five as estimated by Gini coefficients generated by a Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis. The predicted probabilities of responding at wave five are also used to estimate R-indicators, particularly to address the question of whether, hypothetically, conversion of ‘frail’ respondents would lead to improved representativity and reduced bias in longitudinal estimates of interest. The evidence from the R-indicators and partial R-indicators suggests that successful conversions could achieve those aims although the cost of so doing might outweigh the benefits., methods, data, analyses, Vol 11, No 1 (2017)
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- 2017
75. Small-Area-Analysen im Rettungswesen.
- Author
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Reinhardt, K. and Andrä-Welker, M.
- Abstract
Copyright of Notfall & Rettungsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2005
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76. Medizinische Register.
- Author
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Wegscheider, K.
- Abstract
Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
77. Measuring the Coverage Bias in Landline Telephone Surveys by Comparison of Swiss Registry Data with Commercially Available Telephone Number Databases
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Klug, Stefan and Arn, Birgit
- Subjects
switzerland ,cell phone ,coverage bias ,amtliche Statistik ,telephone interview ,representativity ,Umfrageforschung ,Repräsentativität ,Antwortverhalten ,RDD ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,Bevölkerungsstatistik ,mobile research ,survey research ,basic research ,Schweiz ,data quality ,survey ,response behavior ,Datengewinnung ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,lcsh:Statistics ,lcsh:HA1-4737 ,computer-assisted telephone interview ,Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ,CATI surveys ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Datenqualität ,Stichprobe ,Mobiltelefon ,representative ,Switzerland ,Befragung ,Telefoninterview ,sample ,CATI ,data capture ,lcsh:H ,Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ,official statistics ,development of methods ,population statistics ,Methodenentwicklung ,ddc:300 ,Grundlagenforschung - Abstract
Coverage of the population within the sampling frame is a very important quality characteristic of a study. However, a metrical evaluation of the coverage bias to approach the question of representativeness is usually not possible. Switzerland stands out in that the federal statistical office (SFSO) has legal access to population registers (person universe) and a full list of landline telephone numbers (phone number universe). However, these data are not available for research institutes, which must rely on commercially available number collections or RDD sampling frames. This paper wants to quantify the coverage bias of such alternative sampling frames by metric calculation of their congruence with the SFSO universes. The analysis shows that 85.0% of private phone numbers and 88.9% of the resident population of Switzerland that can be reached via landline by the SFSO definition (non-ALTELs) are included in our exemplarily analyzed commercially available phone number collection. The highest coverage bias is present in the 20-39 age group. The RDD frame covers 97.8% of private phone numbers and 99.8% of non-ALTEL persons. Hence, both available alternative sampling frames are useful for representative studies. Finally, the potential of use of the Swiss coverage results as benchmarks for other countries is discussed., methods, data, analyses, Vol 10, No 2 (2016)
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- 2016
78. Raumbezug und Repräsentativität in der Ökologischen Flächenstichprobe.
- Author
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Schäfer, Dieter, Seibel, Steffen, and Hoffmann-Kroll, Regina
- Abstract
Copyright of Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2000
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79. Editorial: Health monitoring should reflect population diversity
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Bärbel-Maria, Kurth and Oliver, Razum
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Monitoring ,education ,Indikatorensystem ,construction of indicators ,representativity ,Federal Republic of Germany ,Indikatorenbildung ,Repräsentativität ,migration ,Mikrozensus ,survey ,microcensus ,ddc:610 ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Berichterstattung ,reporting ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Migrationshintergrund ,Health Policy ,system of indicators ,Gesundheit ,health ,Befragung ,Daten ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,migration background ,data ,ddc:300 ,Gesundheitspolitik ,610 Medizin und Gesundheit - Published
- 2019
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80. Improving the information base regarding the health of people with a migration background. Project description and initial findings from IMIRA
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Santos-Hövener, Claudia, Schumann, Maria, Schmich, Patrick, Gößwald, Antje, Rommel, Alexander, Ziese, Thomas, and Lampert, Thomas
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Monitoring ,MIGRATION ,MIGRATION BACKGROUND ,Indikatorensystem ,construction of indicators ,Umfrageforschung ,representativity ,Federal Republic of Germany ,Repräsentativität ,Indikatorenbildung ,language barrier ,HEALTH MONITORING ,Mikrozensus ,survey research ,survey ,microcensus ,ddc:610 ,HEALTH REPORTING ,Sprachbarriere ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Berichterstattung ,Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ,reporting ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Migrationshintergrund ,Health Policy ,system of indicators ,Gesundheit ,SOEP ,health ,Befragung ,Daten ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ,data ,ddc:300 ,Gesundheitspolitik ,610 Medizin und Gesundheit - Abstract
Germany is an immigration country and nearly a quarter of its population has a migration background. Thus, there is increasingly a need for reliable information on the health situation of people with a migration background. The Robert Koch Institute is in charge of expanding its health monitoring to improve the representation of people with a migration background in interview and examination surveys. Studies adequately need to reflect the health status of people with a migration background and currently the Robert Koch Institute’s representative interview and examination surveys for adults do not fully achieve this. At the end of 2016, therefore, the Improving Health Monitoring in Migrant Populations (IMIRA) project was initiated aiming to expand the Robert Koch Institute’s health monitoring to people with migration background and improve their involvement in health surveys in the long-term. This includes carrying out two feasibility studies to test strategies to reach and recruit people with migration background for interview surveys and develop measures to overcome language barriers in examination surveys. In order to expand health reporting on migration and health, a reporting concept and a core indicator set will be developed and the potential of (secondary) data sources will be tested. Furthermore, plans foresee the testing and further development of relevant specific migration sensitive survey instruments and indicators, as well as increasing networking with relevant stakeholders.
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- 2019
81. Gesundheitsberichterstattung zu Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund - Auswahl und Definition von (Kern-)Indikatoren
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Bartig, Susanne, Rommel, Alexander, Wengler, Annelene, Santos-Hövener, Claudia, Lampert, Thomas, and Ziese, Thomas
- Subjects
Indikatorensystem ,MENSCHEN MIT MIGRATIONSHINTERGRUND ,health status ,Indikatorenbildung ,migration ,consciousness ,Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS1) ,Studie zur Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland (KiGGS Welle 2, 2014–2017) ,health behavior ,Mikrozensus ,Berichterstattung ,risk ,Bewusstsein ,reporting ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,INDIKATOREN ,Datenqualität ,Eurobarometer ,Health Policy ,indicator ,public health ,indicator research ,health ,Daten ,health care ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,migration background ,data ,Gesundheitsverhalten ,GESUNDHEITSBERICHTERSTATTUNG ,ddc:300 ,Gesundheitspolitik ,EVS ,construction of indicators ,representativity ,Federal Republic of Germany ,Repräsentativität ,Risiko ,recourse ,data quality ,microcensus ,ddc:610 ,ALLBUS ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ,Migrationshintergrund ,European Social Survey ,Gesundheitsversorgung ,system of indicators ,Gesundheit ,Indikator ,SOEP ,Inanspruchnahme ,Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ,Indikatorenforschung ,Gesundheitszustand ,610 Medizin und Gesundheit - Abstract
Im Rahmen des Projekts Improving Health Monitoring in Migrant Populations (IMIRA) wurde ein (Kern-)Indikatorenset zur Beschreibung der Gesundheit von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund entwickelt. Die Recherche und Bewertung von Datenquellen im Bereich Migration und Gesundheit stellte dabei eine wesentliche Voraussetzung dar. Zunächst wurden vier Handlungsfelder mit entsprechenden Themenbereichen bestimmt und mögliche Indikatoren für die jeweiligen Themen definiert. Die Auswahl der Kernindikatoren basierte auf (1) einer systematischen Gegenüberstellung anerkannter Indikatorensysteme, (2) einer Bewertung der Public-Health-Relevanz, (3) Verständlichkeit sowie (4) Aussagekraft des Indikators und (5) der Verfügbarkeit (weitestgehend) repräsentativer Daten, mit denen die Vielfalt der Migrationsbevölkerung annähernd berücksichtigt werden kann. Ein interner und externer Abstimmungsprozess mit einem interdisziplinär zusammengesetzten Expertengremium führte zur Finalisierung des (Kern-)Indikatorensets. Insgesamt sind 25 Kernindikatoren ausgewählt worden; 41 Indikatoren wurden in einem „erweiterten“ Indikatorenset dokumentiert. Vor dem Hintergrund der angestrebten Verbesserung der Einbindung von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund in das Gesundheitsmonitoring am Robert Koch-Institut wird das (Kern-)Indikatorenset kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Dieses wird perspektivisch in ein Gesamtkonzept für eine regelmäßige, migrationsbezogene Gesundheitsberichterstattung integriert.
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- 2019
82. Rückgewinnung des Spanischen Parlaments (Cortes). Grundlegende Erwägungen zur Reform des spanischen Wahlsystems
- Author
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Peralta Martínez, Ramón
- Subjects
Regierungsfähigkeit ,konstitutionelle Demokratie ,representativeness ,governability ,Proportionalitätsprinzip ,constituencies ,gobernabilidad ,majority system ,Repräsentativität ,political representatives ,Constitutional law ,sistema electoral ,democracia constitucional ,representación política ,fórmula proporcional ,electoral voting system ,distritos electorales ,Mehrheitsprinzip ,Verfassungsrecht ,constitutional democracy ,Derecho constitucional ,politische Repräsentanz ,Bürger ,Wahlsystem ,Wahlbezirke ,citizens ,representatividad ,ciudadanos ,fórmula mayoritaria ,proporcional share - Abstract
Der vorliegende Artikel bietet eine konstruktive Kritik am aktuellen spanischen Wahlsystem und umfasst eine Reihe von grundlegenden Überlegungen, die auf eine Reform desselben abzielen. Die Arbeit geht von der Betrachtung des eigentlichen repräsentativen Prinzips aus, das in einer konstitutionellen Demokratie auf folgendes Ziel abzielt: Auf «die Rückgewinnung des Spanischen Parlaments (Cortes)» als repräsentativer Versammlung des spanischen Volkes. Das repräsentative Defizit und die wachsende Entkopplung der Bürger in Bezug auf das Parlament bilden den Ausgangspunkt, um Reformen bezüglich des Wahlsystems vorzutragen. This article raises some constructive criticism to the current Spanish election voting system which includes a series of basic considerations addressed at its reform. The article starts with the representative principle typical of constitutional democracy toward a particular aim, the one of «recovering Parliament» as the representative assembly of Spanish people. Representative deficit and the growing disengagement Spanish people have grown with regards to Parliament are the starting point to raise improvements in the voting system. El presente artículo plantea una crítica constructiva al actual sistema electoral español que incluye una serie de consideraciones básicas dirigidas a la reforma del mismo. El trabajo parte de la consideración del principio representativo propio de la democracia constitucional hacia una finalidad concreta, la de «recuperar las Cortes» como asamblea representativa del pueblo español. El déficit representativo y la creciente desconexión de los ciudadanos en relación con el Parlamento son el punto de partida para plantear mejoras respecto de la fórmula electoral.
- Published
- 2019
83. The health of children and adolescents with a migration background in Germany - Results of the cross-sectional KiGGS Wave 2 study
- Author
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Koschollek, Carmen, Bartig, Susanne, Rommel, Alexander, Santos-Hövener, Claudia, and Lampert, Thomas
- Subjects
Monitoring ,Kind ,Gesundheitsbericht ,Federal Republic of Germany ,health status ,representativity ,Repräsentativität ,migration ,health report ,HEALTH MONITORING ,regression analysis ,health behavior ,Mikrozensus ,cross-sectional study ,microcensus ,ddc:610 ,HEALTH REPORTING ,Migration, Sociology of Migration ,KIGGS ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Berichterstattung ,child ,reporting ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Querschnittuntersuchung ,Migrationshintergrund ,Health Policy ,Gesundheit ,Jugendlicher ,Selbsteinschätzung ,health ,self-assessment ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,migration background ,Regressionsanalyse ,adolescent ,Health monitoring ,Health reporting ,Gesundheitsverhalten ,ddc:300 ,Gesundheitszustand ,Gesundheitspolitik ,610 Medizin und Gesundheit - Abstract
Over a third (36.5%) of young people living in Germany have a migration background. Based on the data of the second follow-up to the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2, 2014-2017), the health situation of 11- to 17-year-olds with and without a migration background is described using selected indicators. In order to account for the diversity among children and adolescents with a migration background, the health indicators used in this study are stratified by migration background but also by additional migration-related characteristics. In addition, the results from the various subgroups are also stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. No differences in self-assessed general health or the outpatient utilisation of paediatric and general medical services were identified between 11- to 17-year-olds with and without a migration background. However, migration-related differences were identified in health behaviour: whereas children and adolescents with a one- or two-sided migration background are more frequently overweight (including obesity), they consume risky amounts of alcohol less often than those of the same age without a migration background. Finally, the outcomes of the indicators also vary according to migration-related and sociodemographic characteristics.
- Published
- 2019
84. In Search of the Optimal Mode for Mobile Phone Surveys in Developing Countries: A Comparison of IVR, SMS, and CATI in Nigeria
- Author
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Lau, Charles Q, Cronberg, Alexandra, Marks, Leenisha, and Amaya, Ashley
- Subjects
cell phone ,Nigeria ,Umfrageforschung ,representativity ,Repräsentativität ,Antwortverhalten ,Afrika ,survey research ,Entwicklungsland ,data quality ,survey ,response behavior ,Interview ,Datengewinnung ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,computer-assisted telephone interview ,Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Datenqualität ,Mobiltelefon ,developing country ,Befragung ,CATI ,data capture ,Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ,SMS ,comparison ,Africa ,ddc:300 ,Vergleich ,IVR ,mode - Abstract
Mobile phone surveys are increasingly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. The main modes include computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI), interactive voice response (IVR), and short message service (SMS, or text messaging). But there is surprisingly little research to guide researchers in selecting the optimal mode for a particular survey. To address this gap, this study compares cross-sectional CATI, IVR, SMS, and face-to-face (FTF) surveys of the general population in Nigeria. We ask four research questions: (1) What are production and response rates to CATI, IVR, SMS, and FTF surveys? (2) How representative (age, gender, education, marital status, literacy, household assets, urbanicity) are CATI, IVR, and SMS respondents relative to FTF respondents? (3) Can IVR and SMS provide an unbiased estimate of voting behavior? If there is bias, to what extent can weights reduce bias? (4) How does the cost and time differ across mobile phone survey modes? We find that FTF had the highest response rate (99%), followed by CATI (15%), IVR (3%) and SMS (0.2%). All mobile phone modes had substantial deficiencies with representativeness: mobile phones underrepresented women, older people, the less educated, and people in rural areas. There were differences in representativeness among mobile phone modes, but differences were relatively small and inconsistent. Both SMS and IVR produced biased estimates of voting relative to official statistics – but SMS was less biased than IVR. Weighting SMS and IVR data for demographic characteristics did not reduce bias. With regard to cost, we find that CATI is the most expensive mobile phone survey mode. For a survey of 3,000 completes, IVR is 43% the cost of CATI, and SMS is 24% the cost of CATI. SMS is significantly less expensive than IVR. We discuss the implications of these results for research and practice., Survey Research Methods, Vol 13 No 3 (2019)
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- 2019
85. Chasing Hard-to-Get Cases in Panel Surveys: Is it Worth it?
- Author
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Watson, Nicole and Wooden, Mark
- Subjects
Umfrageforschung ,representativity ,Repräsentativität ,Antwortverhalten ,HILDA Survey ,longitudinal surveys ,fieldwork curtailment strategies ,fieldwork efficiency ,survey research ,data quality ,survey ,response behavior ,Datengewinnung ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,panel ,Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Datenqualität ,HILDA Survey, sample representativeness, longitudinal surveys, fieldwork curtailment strategies, fieldwork efficiency ,Stichprobe ,longitudinal study ,Befragung ,Gewichtung ,sample ,Längsschnittuntersuchung ,data capture ,Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ,ddc:300 ,weighting - Abstract
In many population surveys, fieldwork effort tends to be disproportionately concentrated on a relatively small proportion of hard-to-get cases. This article examines whether this effort is justified within a panel survey setting. It considers three questions: (i) are hard-to-get cases that are interviewed different from other interviewed cases? (ii) do cases that require a lot of effort in one survey wave require a lot of effort in all waves? and (iii) can easy-to-get cases be re-weighted to eliminate biases arising from not interviewing hard-to-get cases? Using data from a large nationally representative household panel survey, we find that hard-to-get cases are distinctly different from easy-to-get cases, suggesting that failure to obtain interviews with them would likely introduce biases into the sample. Further, being hard-to-get is mostly not a persistent state, meaning these high cost cases are not high cost every year. Simulations confirm that removing hard-to-get cases introduces biases, and these biases lead to an understatement of the extent of change experienced by the population. However, we also find that under one of five fieldwork curtailment strategies considered, the bias in population estimates that would arise if the hard-to-get cases were not pursued can be corrected by applying weights. Nevertheless, this conclusion only applies to the curtailment strategy involving the smallest decline in sample size. Biases associated with curtailment strategies involving larger sample size reductions, and hence greatest cost savings, are not so easily corrected., methods, data, analyses, Vol 13, No 2 (2019)
- Published
- 2019
86. Schichtarbeit, die Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Privatleben und psychosomatische Beschwerden - Eine Mediationsanalyse auf Basis der BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2018
- Author
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Marcel Lück and Grit Müller
- Subjects
gainful employment ,analysis ,Work-life-balance ,health status ,work-family balance ,Sociology & anthropology ,Erwerbstätigkeit ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mikrozensus ,social effects ,Working Conditions ,Psychosomatic illness ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,05 social sciences ,Federal republic of germany ,health ,Befragung ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,Versetzte Arbeitszeiten ,Work-Family Conflict ,Repräsentative Erwerbstätigenbefragung ,Unsocial working hours ,Representative employment survey ,BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2018 ,Arbeitswelt ,psychosomatische Krankheit ,Familie-Beruf ,ddc:300 ,ddc:301 ,Working hours ,medicine.medical_specialty ,working hours ,Sociology of Work, Industrial Sociology, Industrial Relations ,psychosomatic illness ,representativity ,Federal Republic of Germany ,Repräsentativität ,03 medical and health sciences ,Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen ,Political science ,0502 economics and business ,medicine ,health consequences ,survey ,mediation ,microcensus ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Social effects ,Gynecology ,Health consequences ,Schichtarbeitnehmer ,gesundheitliche Folgen ,Gesundheit ,Schichtarbeit ,soziale Folgen ,Analyse ,Arbeitszeit ,shift work ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,Gesundheitszustand ,shift worker ,050203 business & management - Abstract
Die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Schichtarbeit werden intensiv erforscht, jedoch gibt es Defizite in der Untersuchung sozialer Auswirkungen, die als eine Ursache für Gesundheitsfolgen von Schichtarbeit diskutiert werden. In der vorliegenden Studie wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Privatleben und dem Gesundheitszustand von Schichtarbeitern im Vergleich zu Beschäftigten mit Normalarbeitszeiten in einer Mediationsanalyse untersucht. Dazu werden Daten der für Deutschland repräsentativen BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2018 genutzt. Beschäftigte in Schichtarbeit sind häufiger von erschwerter Vereinbarkeit und psychosomatischen Beschwerden betroffen als Beschäftigte in Normalarbeitszeit. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Privatleben als Mediator in der Beziehung zwischen Schichtarbeit und psychosomatischen Beschwerden agiert. Dies gilt für Frauen und für Männer. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Bedeutung sozialer Auswirkungen von Schichtarbeit als mögliche Ursache für gesundheitliche Beschwerden. Praktische Relevanz: Beschäftigten in Schichtarbeit gelingt es seltener Anforderungen der Lebensbereiche Arbeit und Familie auszubalancieren. Dieser Konflikt geht mit einem gesundheitlichen Risiko einher. Das Wissen um dieses Risiko ist von praktischer Relevanz, da Betriebe die Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Privatleben explizit in Maßnahmen betrieblicher Gesundheitsförderung oder bei der regulären Arbeitszeitgestaltung berücksichtigen können. Führungskräfte und Beschäftigte in Schichtarbeit sollten darüber hinaus wissen, dass Probleme in der Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Privatleben einen bedeutenden Stressor darstellen. Health consequences of shift work have been investigated intensively, while there is a lack of research on social consequences of shift work, although social consequences have been discussed as a reason for health consequences of shift work. In this present study, we investigate the association between compatibility of work and private life and health status of shift workers compared to employees with regular working hours in a mediation analyses. To do so, we applied data from the German representative BIBB/BAuA employment survey 2018. Employees in shift work showed more often difficulties in the compatibility of work and private life and psychosomatic complaints than employees with regular working hours. The compatibility of work and private life partially mediated the relationship between shift work and psychosomatic complaints. This was the case for men and women. Our results support the importance of social consequences of shift work, one of the possible causes for negative health consequences of shift work. Practical Relevance: Shift workers face more often difficulties in balancing the demands of the areas of work and family life. This conflict has health consequences. The knowledge of this risk is of practical relevance, because companies could explicitly target the compatibility of work and private life in interventions of workplace health promotion or in the regular organization of working time. Leaders and shift workers should be aware that difficulties in the compatibility of work and private life are an important stressor.
- Published
- 2019
87. Über Trennungen erzählen: zur Milieuspezifik von Trennungslegitimationen und narrativen Identitäten
- Author
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Judith Eckert, Eva-Maria Bub, Cornelia Koppetsch, Eva-Maria Bub, TU Darmstadt, and Cornelia Koppetsch, TU Darmstadt
- Subjects
narrative ,Soziologie ,Plausibilisierungsstrategien ,Milieu ,analysis ,Erzählung ,Ehescheidung ,separation ,separation talk ,interviews ,narrative analysis ,positioning analysis ,integrative approach ,narrative identity ,plausibility strategies ,social milieu ,therapeutic culture ,psychologising ,performance ,representation ,Sociology & anthropology ,ddc:150 ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,identity ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Narration ,Trennung ,couples therapy ,integratives Basisverfahren ,Repräsentanz ,differentiation ,narrative Analyse ,Psychologisierung ,ddc:300 ,lcsh:H1-99 ,Family Sociology, Sociology of Sexual Behavior ,ddc:301 ,Sozialpsychologie ,Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie ,Social Psychology ,Performanz ,Differenzierung ,representativity ,Repräsentativität ,psychology ,divorce ,narrative Identität ,Kultur des Therapeutischen ,Plausibilisierungsstrategie ,Positionierungsanalyse ,Kultur ,Interviews ,Trennungserzählungen ,soziales Milieu ,Interview ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Paartherapie ,Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ,research ,Forschung ,Identität ,Analyse ,culture ,Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ,Psychologie ,Soziologie, Anthropologie - Abstract
Trotz der gesellschaftlichen Normalisierung und moralischen Entproblematisierung von Trennung und Scheidung stellen diese für die Betroffenen für gewöhnlich alles andere als normale, unproblematische Ereignisse dar. Das Geschehen muss geordnet, die Trennung legitimiert und die eigene Identität rehabilitiert werden, was zu auffälligen Erzähldynamiken in Interviews der qualitativen Trennungsforschung führen kann. Neben der Analyse des Zusammenhangs von Form, Inhalt und Funktion von Trennungserzählungen konnte die bisherige Forschung auch einige soziale Differenzierungen aufzeigen: nach Rolle, Geschlecht und sozialstrukturellen Faktoren. Auf Basis einer narrativen, funktionalen Analyse von 46 Interviews (23 Ex-Paare) aus unserer Studie "Paare nach der Trennung" fügen wir als weitere, übergeordnete Differenzierung die Milieuunterscheidung hinzu, die in der Forschung zu Trennungsnarrativen bislang unbeachtet war und die die bisherigen Differenzierungen integriert. Unser Argument, dass Trennungsnarrative milieuspezifisch gestaltet sind, exemplifizieren wir anhand zweier kontrastiver Milieus: dem individualisierten und dem traditionalen Milieu. Diese unterscheiden sich in fundamentaler Weise in ihren Beziehungsleitbildern und entsprechenden Trennungslegitimationen, in ihren Plausibilisierungsstrategien und in ihrer Vorstellung dessen, was als erstrebenswerte Identität gilt. Über den konkreten Gegenstand von Trennungen und Trennungserzählungen hinaus weisen wir in diesem Beitrag auf zwei für die qualitative Forschung wichtige Aspekte hin: die Milieudifferenzierung und das Verhältnis von Performanz und Repräsentanz in Interviews., Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, Vol 20, No 1 (2019)
- Published
- 2019
88. Die Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland - Querschnittergebnisse aus KiGGS Welle 2
- Author
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Koschollek, Carmen, Bartig, Susanne, Rommel, Alexander, Santos-Hövener, Claudia, and Lampert, Thomas
- Subjects
Monitoring ,Kind ,Gesundheitsbericht ,health status ,representativity ,Federal Republic of Germany ,Repräsentativität ,migration ,health report ,regression analysis ,health behavior ,cross-sectional study ,ddc:610 ,Migration, Sociology of Migration ,KIGGS ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Berichterstattung ,reporting ,child ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Gesundheitsmonitoring ,Gesundheitsberichterstattung ,Migrationshintergrund ,Querschnittuntersuchung ,GESUNDHEITSMONITORING ,Health Policy ,Gesundheit ,Jugendlicher ,Selbsteinschätzung ,health ,self-assessment ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,migration background ,Regressionsanalyse ,adolescent ,Gesundheitsverhalten ,GESUNDHEITSBERICHTERSTATTUNG ,ddc:300 ,Gesundheitszustand ,Gesundheitspolitik ,610 Medizin und Gesundheit - Abstract
Von den in Deutschland lebenden Minderjährigen haben über ein Drittel (36,5 %) einen Migrationshintergrund. Basierend auf den Daten der zweiten Folgeerhebung der Studie zur Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland (KiGGS Welle 2, 2014 – 2017) wird die gesundheitliche Lage von 11- bis 17-Jährigen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund anhand ausgewählter Indikatoren beschrieben. Da Kinder und Jugendliche mit Migrationshintergrund eine in sich vielfältige Gruppe darstellen, werden die Gesundheitsindikatoren nicht nur nach dem Vorliegen eines Migrationshintergrundes, sondern auch nach weiteren migrationsbezogenen Merkmalen stratifiziert. Darüber hinaus erfolgt in den einzelnen Subgruppen eine Differenzierung der Ergebnisse nach soziodemografischen Merkmalen. Im Hinblick auf die Selbsteinschätzung des allgemeinen Gesundheitszustandes sowie der ambulanten Inanspruchnahme pädiatrischer und allgemeinmedizinischer Leistungen bestehen keine Unterschiede zwischen den 11- bis 17-Jährigen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund. Demgegenüber zeigen sich migrationsbezogene Unterschiede im Gesundheitsverhalten. Während Kinder und Jugendliche mit ein- sowie beidseitigem Migrationshintergrund häufiger als Gleichaltrige ohne Migrationshintergrund von Übergewicht (einschließlich Adipositas) betroffen sind, konsumieren sie seltener Alkohol in riskanten Mengen. Zudem konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Outcomes der untersuchten Indikatoren nach migrationsbezogenen und soziodemografischen Merkmalen variieren.
- Published
- 2019
89. Editorial: Gesundheitsmonitoring muss die Vielfalt der Bevölkerung berücksichtigen
- Author
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Kurth, Bärbel-Maria and Razum, Oliver
- Subjects
Monitoring ,education ,Indikatorensystem ,construction of indicators ,representativity ,Federal Republic of Germany ,Indikatorenbildung ,Repräsentativität ,migration ,Mikrozensus ,survey ,microcensus ,ddc:610 ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Berichterstattung ,reporting ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Migrationshintergrund ,Health Policy ,system of indicators ,Gesundheit ,health ,Befragung ,Daten ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,migration background ,data ,ddc:300 ,Gesundheitspolitik ,610 Medizin und Gesundheit - Published
- 2019
90. Inferences based on Probability Sampling or Nonprobability Sampling: Are They Nothing but a Question of Models?
- Author
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Al, Andreas Quatember Et
- Subjects
probability ,schließende Statistik ,Umfrageforschung ,representativity ,Repräsentativität ,Antwortverhalten ,Erhebungsmethode ,survey research ,Messung ,survey ,response behavior ,Datengewinnung ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,sampling theory ,Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Stichprobentheorie ,Stichprobe ,inferential statistics ,methodology ,Methodologie ,Befragung ,sample ,data collection method ,data capture ,Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ,Wahrscheinlichkeit ,Representativeness ,Sample surveys ,Sampling techniques ,Survey methodology ,total survey error ,ddc:300 ,measurement - Abstract
The inferential quality of an available data set, be it from a probability sample or a nonprobability sample, is discussed under the standard of the representativeness of a sample with regard to interesting characteristics, which implicitly includes the consideration of the total survey error. The paper focuses on the assumptions that are made when calculating an estimator of a certain population characteristic using a specific sampling method, and on the model-based repair methods, which can be applied in the case of deviations from these assumptions. The different implicit assumptions regarding operationalization, frame, selection method, nonresponse, measurement, and data processing are considered exemplarily for the Horvitz-Thompson estimator of a population total. In particular, the remarkable effect of a deviation from the assumption concerning the selection method is discussed. It is shown that there are far more unverifiable, disputable models addressing the different implicit assumptions needed in the nonprobability approach to sampling, including big data. Moreover, the definition of the informative samples with respect to the expressed survey purpose is presented, which complements the definition of the representativeness of samples in the practice of survey sampling. Finally, an answer to the question in the title of this study is given and detailed reports regarding the applied survey design are recommended.
- Published
- 2019
91. Health reporting on people with a migration background - Selection and definition of (core) indicators
- Author
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Bartig, Susanne, Rommel, Alexander, Wengler, Annelene, Santos-Hövener, Claudia, Lampert, Thomas, and Ziese, Thomas
- Subjects
INDICATORS ,Indikatorensystem ,health status ,Indikatorenbildung ,migration ,consciousness ,health behavior ,Mikrozensus ,Berichterstattung ,risk ,Bewusstsein ,reporting ,Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie ,Datenqualität ,Eurobarometer ,Health Policy ,indicator ,public health ,indicator research ,health ,Daten ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,migration background ,data ,Gesundheitsverhalten ,ddc:300 ,Gesundheitspolitik ,EVS ,PEOPLE WITH MIGRATION BACKGROUND ,construction of indicators ,representativity ,Federal Republic of Germany ,Repräsentativität ,Risiko ,data quality ,microcensus ,ddc:610 ,HEALTH REPORTING ,ALLBUS ,Social sciences, sociology, anthropology ,Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften ,Migrationshintergrund ,European Social Survey ,system of indicators ,Gesundheit ,Indikator ,SOEP ,Methods and Techniques of Data Collection and Data Analysis, Statistical Methods, Computer Methods ,Indikatorenforschung ,Gesundheitszustand ,610 Medizin und Gesundheit ,German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) ,German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2, 2014-2017) - Abstract
As part of the project Improving Health Monitoring in Migrant Populations (IMIRA), a (core) set of indicators was developed to describe the health of people with a migration background. This work was underpinned by research into and assessment of relevant data sources in the field of migration and health. Initially, four fields of action were identified together with a number of associated topics and potential indicators for each of the area’s individual topics. The choice of core indicators was based on (1) a systematic comparison of widely accepted indicator systems, (2) an assessment of public health relevance, (3) comprehensibility and (4) informative value, as well as (5) the availability of (largely) representative data that could properly account for the diversity of the migrant population. The (core) indicator set was finalised using an internal and external indicator development process that involved an interdisciplinary expert panel. This resulted in the selection of 25 core indicators; 41 additional indicators were documented as part of an ‘extended’ indicator set. The (core) set of indicators is to be continually developed in line with the work being undertaken to improve the integration of people with a migration background in the health monitoring conducted at the Robert Koch Institute. In the future, the indicator set is to be incorporated into an overall concept to regular, migration-related health reporting.
- Published
- 2019
92. Das Grosse im Kieinen.
- Author
-
Riedo, Christof
- Published
- 2013
93. Iconizing the Digital Humanities: Models and Modeling from a Semiotic Perspective
- Abstract
Models are ubiquitous in the digital humanities. Against the backdrop of the recent discussion in the philosophy of science about what models are and what they do, this paper presents a semiotic perspective on models in the framework of Charles S. Peirce’s theory of signs that sheds light on the practice of modeling in the digital humanities. As a first step, it is argued that models are icons, i.e. signs that represent their specific objects by being regarded as similar to them; and that there are, in all, three basic types of model, namely “images,” “diagrams,” and “metaphors.” A second step explicates relevant implications of this model-theoretic approach, especially as they relate to the digital humanities. In particular, it is shown that models are not identical to the things they represent and that they only represent them partially; that the representation operates on the basis of a mapping relation between select properties of the model and its object; that each model and each instance of modeling has a theoretical framework; and that models are the true basis for genuine creativity and progress in research.
- Published
- 2018
94. Evaluation of Gaining Cooperation Methods for IVR Surveys in Low- and Middle-income Countries
- Abstract
Interactive voice response (IVR) is gaining popularity as a data collection method for survey research. In low- and middle-income countries, IVR is used as a primary data collection mode. The system places an out-bound dial; when the individual answers, he/she hears a recorded greeting and invitation to begin the survey. This approach has the benefit of reducing labor costs, but without an interviewer, there is no one to help gain cooperation, answer questions, or identify the appropriate language in which to continue, resulting in low production outcome rates (e.g., cooperation rate, response rate). In this paper, we use experiments embedded in four studies in three countries (Ghana, Malawi, and Nigeria) to test how three design choices affect production and representativeness in IVR surveys in low- and middle-income countries. Specifically, (1) should we send an SMS (i.e., text message) prior to the first IVR contact? (2) Where should we place the language selector within the introduction? (3) Should we notify the individual that they are listening to a recording during the introduction? While some of these design choices resulted in different production outcome rates at different points in the survey, there was no clear effect on overall yields nor on the representativeness of the sample.
- Published
- 2018
95. 40 Jahre Politbarometer: ein Rückblick aus der Praxis
- Published
- 2018
96. Is there an association between survey characteristics and representativeness? A meta-analysis
- Abstract
How to achieve survey representativeness is a controversially debated issue in the field of survey methodology. Common questions include whether probability-based samples produce more representative data than nonprobability samples, whether the response rate determines the overall degree of survey representativeness, and which survey modes are effective in generating highly representative data. This meta-analysis contributes to this debate by synthesizing and analyzing the literature on two common measures of survey representativeness (R-Indicators and descriptive benchmark comparisons). Our findings indicate that probability-based samples (compared to nonprobability samples), mixed-mode surveys (compared to single-mode surveys), and other-than-Web modes (compared to Web surveys) are more representative, respectively. In addition, we find that there is a positive association between representativeness and the response rate as well as the number of auxiliary variables used in representativeness assessments. Furthermore, we identify significant gaps in the research literature that we hope might encourage further research in this area.
- Published
- 2018
97. Auswirkungen der Stichprobengröße auf die Repräsentativität von Online-Befragungen
- Abstract
Im Verlauf der letzten Dekade haben sich die zeitlichen Ansprüche an die traditionelle Marktforschung radikal verändert. Wie Greenberg zeigt, ist die Produktlebensspanne einer aktuellen Digitalkamera auf knapp 6 Monate begrenzt, wobei 80% des Produktgewinns in den ersten zwei Monaten nach Markteinführung realisiert werden. Durch diese Entwicklung ergibt sich für den Marktforscher die Notwendigkeit, Informationen über Kunden und Märkte möglichst zeitnah zu beschaffen und zur Verfügung stellen zu können. Eine mögliche Lösung liegt in der Durchführung von Befragungen im Internet. Online-Befragungen sind mit geringen Kosten verbunden und lassen sich schnell und zeitnah durchführen - meist können bereits wenige Tage nach Beginn der Befragung erste Ergebnisse präsentiert werden. Aufgrund dieser Eigenschaften vertraten viele Branchenkenner zum Jahrtausendwechsel die Auffassung, dass Online-Befragungen konventionelle Befragungen graduell ablösen würden. Diese hohen Erwartungen haben sich inzwischen als nicht realistisch erwiesen, hauptsächlich aufgrund von Zweifeln an der Repräsentativität solcher Erhebungen.
- Published
- 2018
98. Reforming the European Parliament: Brexit creates opportunity for more than just seat redistribution - but plans are modest (for now)
- Abstract
Reform of the European Parliament is on the agenda in the run-up to the 2019 Euro-pean elections. Two impulses coincide here: First of all, Brexit requires a decision on whether to redistribute the 73 British seats, and if so how. Secondly, the European Parliament is sitting on a backlog of long-overdue reforms relating to its composition; this latter aspect is unlikely to be resolved before the 2019 elections. The Italian and French governments suggest creating a single EU constituency fought on the basis of transnational lists, to strengthen the European plane of party-political competition. But the European Parliament’s rejection of the proposal underlines the lack of majority support for federal initiatives in the EU’s year of reforms. Yet the single constituency discussion does offer potential: Leveraging it to reduce the existing discrepancies in required votes per seat would represent a major contribution to strengthening the Union’s democratic legitimacy. (Autorenreferat)
- Published
- 2018
99. Die Reform des Europäischen Parlaments: nach dem Brexit werden die Sitze neu verteilt - doch es bleibt (vorerst) bei einer kleinen Lösung
- Abstract
Im Vorfeld der Europawahlen 2019 steht die Reform des Europäischen Parlaments (EP) auf der Agenda. Zwei Impulse kommen dabei zusammen. Erstens stellt sich nach dem Brexit die Frage, ob und wie die 73 britischen Sitze neu verteilt werden. Zweitens existiert ein EP-interner Reformstau, was die Zusammensetzung des Parlaments angeht; diese Blockade droht sich über die Wahlen 2019 hinaus zu verlängern. Die Regierungen Italiens und Frankreichs haben - neben anderen - in diesem Zusammenhang die Idee aufgegriffen, einen aus transnationalen Listen bestehenden EU-Wahlkreis zu schaffen. Er soll dazu dienen, bei Europawahlen den Parteienwettbewerb auf europäischer Ebene zu stärken. Doch das EP hat dem Vorschlag nicht zugestimmt; dies bekräftigt den Eindruck, dass es im EU-Reformjahr 2018 keine Mehrheiten für föderale Ideen gibt. Die Diskussionen über einen EU-Wahlkreis haben dennoch Potential. Würde er genutzt, um Verzerrungen zwischen Stimmenzahl und Sitzverteilung abzubauen, wäre dies ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Stärkung der demokratischen Legitimation der EU.
- Published
- 2018
100. Anwendung von UPB-Strategien zur Qualitätssicherung in der Umweltüberwachung.
- Author
-
Paulus, Martin, Klein, Roland, and Wagner, Gerhard
- Abstract
Copyright of Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1996
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