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Novel biomarkers for risk refinement and stratification in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are needed to optimize treatment results. We studied the expression of CASP8AP2 and H2AFZ associated with relapse and survival in bone marrow samples from newly diagnosed children with ALL. We found: (a) an increased risk for early relapse in those patients with low expression of CASP8AP2 (odds ratio [OR] 3.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40-11.02, p < 0.05) confirming its usefulness as a predictive risk marker, although H2AFZ did not present the same effect; (b) patients with low expressions of CASP8AP2 and H2AFZ had inferior survival rates (p < 0.001); (c) the predictive values regarding low expressions of H2AFZ and CASP8AP2 and high white blood cell count suggest that these features could help to identify more accurately patients at greater risk of relapse.

Este proyecto responde a la necesidad de crear estos indicadores ambientales en el sector comercial, con el fin de buscar el estado de desempeño ambiental de las mismas empresas. Teniendo en cuenta que en la actualidad las empresas deben tener en cuenta que frente al acelerado proceso de globalización y rápido crecimiento demográfico, no solo deben dedicarse a producir y a mejorar las finanzas, sino a prevenir el impacto que generan cada una de las actividades que realiza dentro de la empresa y sobre el área de influencia de la misma (Arthur, 1991). La propuesta de indicadores medioambientales que se elaboró se basa en identificación de los aspectos e impactos ambientales que son causados o generado por las empresas del sector comercial, posteriormente la investigación de la normatividad establecida para la minora de estos aspectos o impactos ambientales, y sus consecuencias, teniendo en cuenta que toda empresa directa o indirectamente afecta la calidad del medio ambiente, por ello debe implementar un sistema de gestión ambiental, y a su vez implementar indicadores que midan la gestión que realiza, aclarado que este estudio solo es la propuesta de indicadores ambientales que podrían implementarse en futuros estudios. Mediante la implementación de métodos matriciales como la matriz de leopold, redes de interacción y observación de campo abierto se pudo identificar los aspectos e impactos ambientales generados en el sector comercial más significativos, determinándose entre los principales: generación de empleo, mejora la imagen ante la sociedad, contaminación del aire por emisiones atmosférica (emisión de gases y material particulado), generación de ruido y residuos sólidos, consumo elevado de energía eléctrica (generación de calentamiento global), vertimiento de aguas residuales, y afección de vías por aumento de flujo vehicular. This project responds to the need to create these environmental indicators in the commercial sector, in order to seek the status of environmental performance of these companies. Given that today companies must take into account that the face of accelerating globalization and rapid population growth, not only must devote to produce and improve the finances, but to prevent the impact generated by each of the activities within the company and the area of influence of the same (Arthur, 1991). The proposed environmental indicators was developed based on identification of environmental aspects and impacts that are caused or generated by the commercial sector, then research the standards established for the minority of these aspects or environmental impacts, and their implications , bearing in mind that any company directly or indirectly affect the quality of the environment, so must implement environmental management system, and in turn implement management indicators measuring performed, this study clarified that only the proposed environmental indicators that could be implemented in future studies. By implementing matrix methods as Leopold matrix, interaction networks and open field observation was identified environmental aspects and impacts generated significant commercial sector, determined between the main job creation, improving the image before the society, air pollution from atmospheric emissions (gaseous and particulate), noise generation and solid waste, high consumption of electricity (generation of global warming), wastewater discharge, and condition of roads due to increased traffic flow . Administrador de Empresas

Acute leukemia is a broad term used to identify several malignancies of immature hemato‐ poietic cells. Although, variable incidences have been reported between countries, ranging from 46 to 57 cases by million children, it is considered the most common childhood cancer worldwide [1]. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent subtype (75%-80% of cases; with the remaining 20-25% being of myeloid origin, AML). In ALL, B cell origin is the most frequently diagnosed (B cell ALL) representing 83%, and T cell ALL comprises 15% [2]. The total of ALL cases represents 30-40% of all types of pediatric cancer[3].

Genomic variation largely explains the differences in an individual's response to drug treatments. A field of genomic medicine focuses on the identification of genetic polymorphisms and gene mutations involved in the development and progression of disease. Another part focuses on the development of genetic tests to accompany medical prescriptions, to predict how certain patients respond to therapy with a given pharmacological agent. The field of predicting responses to drugs has different strategies and methods, among which we find: the use of liver microsomes, cell models, monitoring of probe drugs, assays with recombinant proteins and recently the use of microarray platforms or DNAchips.

It is valuable to extend genotyping studies of Helicobacter pylori to strains from indigenous communities across the world to better define adaption, evolution, and associated diseases. We aimed to genetically characterize both human individuals and their infecting H. pylori from indigenous communities of Mexico, and to compare them with those from other human groups. We studied individuals from three indigenous groups, Tarahumaras from the North, Huichols from the West and Nahuas from the center of Mexico. Volunteers were sampled at their community site, DNA was isolated from white blood cells and mtDNA, Y-chromosome, and STR alleles were studied. H. pylori was cultured from gastric juice, and DNA extracted for genotyping of virulence and housekeeping genes. We found Amerindian mtDNA haplogroups (A, B, C, and D), Y-chromosome DYS19T, and Amerindian STRs alleles frequent in the three groups, confirming Amerindian ancestry in these Mexican groups. Concerning H.pylori cagA phylogenetic analyses, although most isolates were of the Western type, a new Amerindian cluster neither Western nor Asian, was formed by some indigenous Mexican, Colombian, Peruvian and Venezuelan isolates. Similarly, vacA phylogenetic analyses showed the existence of a novel Amerindian type in isolates from Alaska, Mexico and Colombia. With hspA strains from Mexico and other American groups clustered within the three major groups, Asian, African or European. Genotyping of housekeeping genes confirmed that Mexican strains formed a novel Asian-related Amerindian group together with strains from remote Amazon Aborigines. This study shows that Mexican indigenous people with Amerindian markers are colonized with H. pylori showing admixture of Asian, European and African strains in genes known to interact with the gastric mucosa. We present evidence of novel Amerindian cagA and vacA alleles in indigenous groups of North and South America.

L’objectiu d’aquest projecte és el disseny d’una planta de producció d’acetaldehid a partir de l’oxidació d’etilè. Es presenta doncs, un estudi de la viabilitat de la construcció i operació de la planta complint en tot moment amb la normativa i legislació vigent.

Expression of the 6 and 8 dominant-negative Ikaros isoforms in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been associated with a high risk of relapse and death; due to these isoforms disrupting the differentiation and proliferation of lymphoid cells. The aim of this study was to know the frequency of Ik6 and Ik8 in 113 Mexican ALL-children treated within the National Popular Medical Insurance Program to determine whether there was an association with relapse-free survival, event-free survival and overall survival, and to assess its usefulness in the initial stratification of patients. The expression of these isoforms was analyzed using specific primer sets and nested RT-PCR. The detected transcripts were classified according to the isoforms's sizes reported. A non-expected band of 300 bp from one patient was analyzed by sequencing. Twenty-six patients expressed Ik6 and/or Ik8 and one of them expressed a variant of Ik8 denominated Ik8-deleted. Although the presence of them was not statistically associated with lower relapse free survival (p = 0.432), event free survival (p = 0.667) or overall survival (p = 0.531), inferior overall survival was observed in patients that expressed these isoforms and showed high or standard risk by age and white blood-cell count at diagnosis. Of the 26 patients Ik6+ and/or Ik8+, 14 did not present adverse events; from them 6 were exclusively Ik6+ and/or Ik8+, and 8 were positive for the other Ikaros isoforms (Ik1, Ik2, Ik5, Ik3A, Ik4, Ik4A, Ik7). In the patients studied, the expression of Ik6 and Ik8 did not constitute an independent prognostic factor for relapse or death related to disease; therefore, they could not be used in the initial risk stratification.

En la actualidad, específicamente en la ciudad de Quito el aumento gradual del parque automotor ha provocado la saturación de la red vial, lo que ha originado un notorio problema de orden colectivo como es la congestión vehicular; frente a esto se presenta como alternativa controlar cada intersección semaforizada desde una cabina de control utilizando la tecnología dedicada a regular y ordenar el tránsito urbano. El presente trabajo tiene la finalidad de recopilar información referente al tema “Centralización y Sincronización de un Sistema Semaforizado del corredor Vial SUR-ORIENTAL del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito.” Toda esta información constituirá una base para el proyecto, en el caso de ser implementado en el futuro, porque su contenido involucra algunos temas, por ejemplo: por haber sido auspiciados por la Dirección Nacional de Tránsito hacemos mención a la señalización vial, semaforización y los criterios para levantar una intersección semaforizada; exponemos los componentes físicos utilizados actualmente en la regulación de tránsito vehicular como son los elementos integrantes de un semáforo, controladores de tráfico, los dispositivos electrónicos que los componen PLCs, relés, etc. Se mencionan algunas de las aplicaciones software que permita manipular la información y los dispositivos mencionados anteriormente. Nos orientamos por la Automatización de manera que podamos integrar los dispositivos electrónicos y eléctricos con el software para familiarizarnos con los términos centralización y sincronización, que son la esencia de este estudio, y todo lo que ello implica como son los sistema SCADA que estarán destinados al control supervisión y monitoreo de las intersecciones semaforizadas, los sistemas de comunicación que permiten la conectividad entre los equipos dedicados al control de tráfico y de éstos a la cabina de mando; desde aquí se asignarán los ciclos que regularán el encendido y apagado de luces de los semáforos ubicados a lo largo del corredor con el fin de conseguir un flujo continuo de vehículos. Además dedicamos un capítulo entero para definir una propuesta para un proyecto de estas características, basándonos principalmente en los sistemas de comunicación, se menciona también la implementación de semáforos Led, los requerimientos del sistema, un diseño para el habitáculo de control, un prepuesto y finalmente los beneficios que arrojaría el proyecto al momento de ser implementado.

Se estudió la fauna parasitaria en 70 juveniles de "pargo dientón", Lutjanus griseus, capturados en la Laguna de La Restinga, Isla de Margarita, Venezuela. Los parásitos hallados fueron contabilizados para determinar prevalencia (P), intensidad (I) e intensidad media (IM) parasitarias, y grado de infección (GI). Algunos fueron observados in vivo y otros fijados en preparaciones permanentes, para su descripción e identificación. Se encontró un total de 8 especies. En branquias los protozoos Amyloodinium ocellatum (Mastigophora; P= 21,43%; GI= I), Trichodina sp. (Ciliophora; P= 82,86%; GI= I) y Cryptobia sp. (Mastigophora; P= 57,14%; GI= I), los crustáceos Lernanthropus rathbuni (Copepoda; P= 25,71%; I= 1-4; IM= 2) y Caligus bonito (Copepoda; P= 23,33%; I= 1-4; IM= 2), y el platelminto Euryhaliotrema sp. (Monogenea; P= 95,7%; I= 3-70; IM= 28). En piel se encontró Argulus sp. (Branchiura; P= 1,42%; I= 1; IM= 1), y en intestinos y ciegos pilóricos Siphodera vinaledwardsii (Digenea; P= 60%; I= 1-44; IM= 13). A. ocellatum es considerada como la especie de mayor potencial parar desarrollar estados patológicos agudos en L. griseus sometido a confinamiento. The parasitic fauna of 70 gray snapper Lutjanus griseus juveniles, captured at La Restinga Lagoon, Margarita Island, Venezuela, was studied. The parasites were observed in vivo or permanently fixed for their description and identification. Prevalence (P), intensity (I), mean intensity (IM) and degree of infection (GI) were determined. A total of 8 species of parasites were identified. In gills the protozoans Amyloodinium ocellatum (Mastigophora; P= 21.43%, GI= I); Trichodina sp. (Ciliophora; P= 82.86%, GI= I) and Cryptobia sp. (Mastigophora; P= 57.14%, GI= I), the crustaceans Lernanthropus rathbuni (Copepoda; P= 25.71%, I= 1-4, IM= 2) and Caligus bonito (Copepoda; P= 23.33%, I= 1-4, IM= 2), and the platelminth Euryhaliotrema sp. (Monogenea; P= 95.7%, I= 3-70, IM= 28). In skin, Argulus sp. (Branchiura; P= 1.42%, I= 1, IM= 1) and in intestine and pyloric ceca Siphodera vinaledwardsii (Digenea; P= 60%, I= 1-44, IM= 13). A. ocellatum is considered as the most likely species to develop pathological states in L. griseus subjected to confinement. Estudou-se a fauna parasitaria em 70 juvenis de "pargo dientón", Lutjanus griseus, capturados na Lagoa da Restinga, Ilha de Margarita, Venezuela. Os parasitos achados foram contabilizados para determinar prevalência (P), intensidade (I) e intensidade media (IM) parasitarias, e grau de infecção (GI). Alguns foram observados in vivo e outros fixados em preparações permanentes, para sua descrição e identificação. Encontrou-se um total de 8 espécies. Em brânquias os protozoos Amyloodinium ocellatum (Mastigophora; P= 2,43%; GI= I), Trichodina sp. (Ciliophora; P= 82,86%; GI= I) e Cryptobia sp. (Mastigophora; P= 57,14%; GI= I), os crustáceos Lernanthropus rathbuni (Copepoda; P= 25,71%; I= 1-4; IM= 2) e Caligus bonito (Copepoda; P= 23,33%; I= 1-4; IM= 2), e o platelminto Euryhaliotrema sp. (Monogenea; P= 95,7%; I= 3-70; IM= 28). Na pele se encontrou Argulus sp. (Branchiura; P= 1,42%; I= 1; IM= 1), e em intestinos e cegos pilóricos Siphodera vinaledwardsii (Digenea; P= 60%; I= 1-44; IM= 13). A. ocellatum é considerada como a espécie de maior potencial para desenvolver estados patológicos agudos em L. griseus submetido a confinamento.

A la hora de realizar un estudio sobre género en Publicidad, es fácil caer en la tentación de analizar exclusivamente el papel de la mujer en este ámbito. Sin embargo, pese al interés de este tipo de estudios y a la innumerable documentación sobre el tema, este trabajo pretende analizar la figura del hombre como sujeto publicitario y, concretamente, a un prototipo que suele aparecer poco pero cuyo papel en la Publicidad está muy definido: el anciano.Tradicionalmente, la mujer ha sido utilizada por la Publicidad como un factor fundamental, ya que ha sido ella quien hasta hace poco se responsabilizaba únicamente de las compras domésticas, siendo, por tanto, una potencial consumidora de gran interés publicitario. Asimismo, su cuerpo ha sido, y aún hoy sigue siendo, reclamo publicitario, usándose hasta la saciedad.

To study the incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in infants from the State of Morelos, Mexico.A cohort of 110 healthy infants was studied between 1997 and 1999. Serum samples were collected from mothers and their infants at 2, 6, 18, and 24 months of life. All serum samples were tested for antibodies against Helicobacter pylori with the ELISA test. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-economic and clinical data. Associations among selected variables and Helicobacter pylori infection were determined using Fisher's exact test.Two thirds of mothers and six (5.5%) infants tested positive. Two of the six positive infants were born to positive mothers; both of them became negative before age two. The other four infants remained positive. Although not statistically significant, a vaginal birth and more than five people living in the household are possible risk factors for infant H. pylori infection.Despite the previously reported high prevalence of infection by H. pylori in Mexican children, in this population we found a low incidence of infection in infants up to two years of age. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.

Objective. To study the incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in infants from the State of Morelos, Mexico. Material and methods. A cohort of 110 healthy infants was studied between 1997 and 1999. Serum samples were collected from mothers and their infants at 2, 6, 18, and 24 months of life. All serum samples were tested for antibodies against Helicobacter pylori with the ELISA test. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-economic and clinical data. Associations among selected variables and Helicobacter pylori infection were determined using Fisher’s exact test. Results. Two thirds of mothers and six (5.5%) infants tested positive. Two of the six positive infants were born to positive mothers; both of them became negative before age two. The other four infants remained positive. Although not statistically significant, a vaginal birth and more than five people living in the household are possible risk factors for infant H. pylori infection. Conclusions. Despite the previously reported high prevalence of infection by H. pyloriI in Mexican children, in this population we found a low incidence of infection in infants up to two years of age. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/ index.html

El empleo de estrategias enfocadas a lograr el mayor impacto y eficacia de la comuni cación debe ser u n valor f undamen tal e n cualquier organización, especialmenteaquellas que orbitan en torno a la atención en salud. El presente trabajo realiza unavaloración sobre el cambio de estrategia llevado a cabo en el año 2010 por el equipode comunicación de la Agencia de Calidad Sanitaria de Andalucía, fundación públicaandaluza encargada de la acreditación de calidad de los diferentes elementos del sistemasanitario. Tras el análisis de las notas de prensa emitidas, las noticias publicadassobre acreditación de calidad y el recuento de centros y profesionales sanitarios acreditadosse puede afirmar que ha habido un incremento significativo de noticias publicadas sobre acreditación de calidad en salud e n el con j unto de l a comun i dadautónoma de Andalucía. Existen dos posibles factores a tener en cuenta. Por un lado,el mayor número de profesionales, centros y unidades que han apostado por la acreditaciónde calidad como una máxima de su quehacer profesional, fruto tanto del impuls o que l a administración sanitaria es tá dando a los programas de acred itación,como de la propia iniciativa de los profesionales. Por otro lado, existen indicios razonablespara afirmar que, la localización de los actos y de la estrategia de comunicaciónde los mismos, enfatizando el contacto con los medios de comunicación locales, hahecho que se multiplique la publicación de las notas de prensa en estos medios.