Search

No contexto escolar, a imagem representa um recurso visual presente em materiais multimídias, utilizada na prática docente durante as aulas, buscando auxiliar o estudante, junto ao texto escrito, na compreensão de conteúdos das ciências. Algumas imagens podem apresentar informações divergentes ao conhecimento científico, havendo necessidade do uso de parâmetros teórico-metodológicos para mensurar seu valor cognitivo, evitando obstáculos epistemológicos e equívocos conceituais na aprendizagem. A pesquisa objetivou o desenho e a aplicação de uma Sequência de Ensino-Aprendizagem para a apropriação dos Princípios Multimídia de Mayer (2001) com licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas. O desenho da sequência se fundamentou na abordagem Construtivista Integrada de Martine Méheut (2005), configurada no momento formativo e de construção colaborativa com os licenciandos. Os resultados indicaram dissonâncias entre o desenho e a aplicação da sequência, mas foi considerada válida, uma vez que os percursos de aprendizagem dos licenciados foram significativos. Evidenciamos a relevância do conteúdo trabalhado para atuação docente e a efetividade da sequência desenhada para a formação empreendida, visto que propiciou significativa articulação entre teoria e prática.

Introduction: The present study addresses different themes that are on the agenda in the contemporary social context: Information Management, Knowledge Management (KM) and the potential tourism scenario that, mediated by competitiveness, outline the strategies for insertion, maintenance and growth of organizations. The digital tools combined with the great flow of information have allowed organizations of any size or nature to compete with organizations already consolidated and thus responding to the needs of tourist destinations and their demand. Objective: The objective is to identify, in the specialized literature, researches that discuss the role of KM in the construction of Smart Tourist Destinations (STD), and how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are related to practices that allow a better understanding of STD. Method: It develops a descriptive research, since it proposes to delineate the relationship of the STD and KM studies, using bibliometric research as the data collection and analysis technique. For data collection, the Web of Science and Tourism Publications platforms were used, which provide material from journals in the area, using the terms: Knowledge Management in Tourism Smart Tourism Destination; Knowledge Management and Intelligent Tourist Destinations. Conclusion: The results showed that the terms converge to five different fields of research and that there is little portrayal of KM in the construction of a STD. International publications point to an emphasis on the management of these destinations, while Brazilian publications prioritize information and open an opportunity to be explored in the field of intelligent tourist destinations.

Cesar Barreto was the photographer hired by the City Hall of Rio to document the revitalization process of the port area for the 2016 Olympic Games. His photos were published in the institutional website ‘Cidade Olímpica’, which contained information about the works and projects in progress. This paper discusses the role of photographs produced by Barreto for the city's urban memory, as well as the main ideas behind the Porto Maravilha project in the context of the global cities. The urban reforms implemented in Rio were based on a neoliberal urban policy, valuing the city brand to make it competitive in the international market.

Seven new species of Hymenoepimecis Viereck are described from Peruvian Andes and Amazonia, French Guiana and Ecuador: H. andina Pádua & Sääksjärvi, sp. nov., H. castilloi Pádua & Sääksjärvi, sp. nov., H. dolichocarinata Pádua & Sääksjärvi, sp. nov., H. ecuatoriana Pádua & Sääksjärvi, sp. nov., H. longilobus Pádua & Sääksjärvi, sp. nov., H. pucallpina Pádua & Sääksjärvi, sp. nov., and H. rafaelmartinezi Pádua & Sääksjärvi, sp. nov. In addition, the male of the Hymenoepimecis kleini Pádua & Sobczak, 2015 is described, new faunistic records for the genus provided, as well as an illustrated identification key to all known species of the genus.

Anemia is a common extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both in pediatric and in adult patients. Iron deficiency is the main cause of anemia in patients with IBD. Anemia is a clinically relevant comorbidity, with impact on patients’ quality of life and it should be timely diagnosed and adequately treated. Currently, an active treatment approach is the recommended strategy, with evidence showing efficacy and safety of intravenous iron formulations. However, evidence in pediatric age remains scarce and no clinical recommendations exist for the diagnosis and treatment of this particular age group. The present document represents the first national consensus on the management of anemia in pediatric IBD and is therefore particularly relevant. The authors anticipate that the proposed recommendations will be useful in daily clinical practice for diagnosing and managing iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in the pediatric population with IBD.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma discussão sobre as questões do planejamento do professor de língua portuguesa imbricadas no ensino da leitura. O texto segue uma abordagem didático-pedagógica de seis professores de uma escola urbana localizada em Palmas, capital do estado do Tocantins. Nesse processo, verifica-se como os professores da unidade escolar planejam suas aulas, trabalham com projetos de leitura e quais implicações são reverberadas na prática. A pesquisa trata-se de um estudo de caso e a análise segue a abordagem qualitativa e interpretativista dos dados. Os resultados denotam uma postura inovadora das professoras com a prática de projetos de leitura e os desafios foram apontados para a insuficiência de recursos de ensino e recepção da aula.

RESUMO Objetivo avaliar a teleconsulta de forma síncrona no mapeamento do implante coclear (IC) como ferramenta de educação continuada para fonoaudiólogos em capacitação e treinamento. Métodos estudo prospectivo longitudinal, na modalidade de preceptorado clínico, com teleconsulta de forma síncrona direcionada ao atendimento de mapeamento dos usuários de IC. A educação continuada foi oferecida aos fonoaudiólogos aprimorandos em um hospital e o fonoaudiólogo tutor, em unidade remota. A plataforma utilizada permitiu ao tutor visualizar e realizar intervenções na tela de mapeamento do IC. Foram aplicados três questionários abrangendo os marcadores de ensino; qualidade e importância da teleconsulta; interação entre os profissionais e autoavaliação sobre a confiança na realização das etapas do mapeamento antes e após as teleconsultas. Resultados participaram sete fonoaudiólogos e foram analisados 268 atendimentos, ao longo de três anos. Os marcadores clínicos mostraram, na média e individualmente, que houve correlação estatística com diminuição do número de intervenções totais, nas intervenções do mapeamento do IC e raciocínio clínico, no decorrer das sessões. A média das notas nas avaliações da importância da teleconsulta foi 9,7 e a interação com o tutor, 9,3. Na autoavaliação, todos os aprimorandos responderam que estavam “nada/pouco confiantes” para as etapas do mapeamento antes da intervenção e, ao final do curso, responderam “moderadamente/muito confiantes” para as mesmas etapas. Conclusão o uso da teleconsulta síncrona foi viável e eficiente como ferramenta de ensino para fonoaudiólogos. Foi possível observar a diminuição do número de intervenções ao longo do tempo, evidenciando a curva de aprendizado.

Abstract Phenological information contribute to silvicultural actions and conservation strategies. Here, we carried out the phenological monitoring of six tree species that were prominent in the structure of an open ombrophilous forest fragment in northeastern Brazil. Over two years, among September 2015 and August 2017, eight individuals of each species (48 trees in total) were visited every two weeks to record the reproductive and leaf phenophases, following the Fournier intensity scale. We calculated the intraspecific synchrony of the phenophases and the correlation of the phenophases of each species with meteorological variables (temperature, air precipitation and photoperiod). The species showed synchronous characteristics for the phenophases. Precipitation stood out in terms of a higher frequency of significant relationships with the reproductive phenophases. The results indicates that the end of the dry season is the most favorable period for seed collection and the monitoring of dispersers in this type of tropical forest.

The disposal of spent coffee grounds (SCG) and brewers' spent grains (BSG) has become an environmental issue. Thus, the waste-to-energy valorization of these two low-cost feedstocks was performed via gasification and pyrolysis to assess their potential as syngas and biochar fuels. The processes’ optimum conditions were investigated by a multiple-criteria decision support method. Firstly, both raw materials were gasified at 1000 °C with O2/N2, O2/CO2/N2 and O2/H2O/N2 atmospheres. The characteristics and energy performance of the producer gas were evaluated. In addition, the exergy analysis of green-H2 production was assessed. The pyrolysis experiments were conducted at 300, 500 and 700 °C, followed by a comprehensive characterization of the biochar properties and its combustion behavior. The syngas production based on CO2/Steam-enhanced gasification has indicated clear energetic and exergetic improvements against O2/N2 with a promising increase of 32.97% LHVsyngas for BSG. Obtained biochar possesses favorable fuel characteristics promoting an HHV enhancement up to 19.42% (SCG) and 83.11% (BSG). Furthermore, the combustion index indicated a great potential of using SCG and BSG as solid biofuel for straightforward application to heat generation in small-scale systems. Therefore, syngas and biochar characteristics encourage feasible biofuels from low-cost feedstocks for energy generation.

Abstract Introduction: The increase in the prevalence of aortic stenosis due to an aging population has led to an increasing number of surgical aortic valve replacements. Over the past 20 years, there has been a major shift in preference from mechanical to bioprosthetic valves. However, despite efforts, there is still no "ideal" bioprosthesis. It is crucial to understand the structure, biology, and function of native heart valves to design more intelligent, strong, durable, and physiological heart valve tissues. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify articles reporting the basic mechanisms of bioprosthetic valve dysfunction and the biology of native valve cells. Searches were run in PubMed, MEDLINE® (the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), and Google Scholar. Terms for subject heading and keywords search included “biological heart valve dysfunction”, “bioprosthesis dysfunction”, “bioprosthesis degeneration”, and “tissue heart valves”. Results: All the relevant findings are summarized in the appropriate subsections. Structural dysfunction is a logical and expected consequence of the chemical, mechanical, and immunological processes that occur during fixation, manufacture, and implantation. Conclusion: Biological prosthesis valve dysfunction is a clinically significant process. It has become a major issue considering the growing rate of bioprosthesis implantation and improved long-term patient survival. Understanding bioprosthetic aortic valve degeneration from a basic science perspective is a key point to improve technologic advances and specifications that lead to a new generation of bioprostheses.

O objetivo deste artigo é inventariar os caminhos trilhados na produção de conhecimento após três décadas da implantação das políticas de avaliação em larga escala. Para isso, procedeu-se a uma pesquisa bibliográfica, em revistas indexadas no SciELO e no Portal de Periódicos Capes, por meio do descritor “avaliação em larga escala”, que resultou em 98 artigos publicados entre 1990 e 2020, posteriormente submetidos à análise bibliométrica e interpretativa. A partir disso, delinearam-se o perfil e as características da produção, bem como as sínteses dos resultados, visibilizando os objetos e focos de interesse dos estudos. Notou-se que predominam estudos críticos à avaliação em larga escala e que há uma tendência de investigações orientadas para medir efeitos e eficácia das avaliações.

Acute copper toxicity is uncommon in Western countries and is often the result of accidental consumption or a suicide attempt. We report the case of a 65-year-old man presenting to the accident and emergency department after a suicide attempt with ingestion of Bordeaux mixture, ibuprofen, acetaminophen and bleach. Primary evaluation showed caustic oesophagitis, toxic hepatitis and acute renal injury, which were treated with supportive care. During admission, he developed a non-immune haemolytic anaemia associated with high levels of copper in urine and blood. Chelation treatment with penicillamine was started and evolution was favourable after 1 month of treatment. Copper poisoning can be lethal. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are key for a favourable prognosis.

Introduction Approximately 10 million people in Brazil have some hearing impairment. Because of the natural progression of hearing impairment to presbycusis, coupled with the increasing number of young people exposed to the risk factors for early hearing loss, the social impact of hearing impairment is high. Objective A team of otolaryngologists and speech therapists conducted an unprecedented worldwide campaign in the primary health sector, aiming to reduce the global burden of hearing impairment with preventive measures. Methods A cultural information campaign called “Ear Parade” was developed. It lasted 3 months, during which São Paulo received information on the prevention of deafness and the importance of hearing rehabilitation to reduce prejudice against the use of hearing aids. Results The information was relayed through an art exhibition of public paintings, including 62 sculptures of ears, 2.40 meters high, which colored the city, elucidating the beauty of hearing. The media coverage impacted 170 million people, and at the end of the campaign, a nongovernmental organization was established to raise resources for hearing rehabilitation. In addition, an auction of the ear sculptures raised money toward hearing aid batteries and stem-cell research for hearing. Conclusion The present paper presents the effects of this campaign. Information dissemination is a powerful preventive measure for the primary healthcare system to reduce future treatment expenditures.

Este artigo apresenta resultados de um estudo que teve como objetivo delinear o perfil e as características de estudantes concluintes do terceiro ano do ensino médio em escolas públicas e avaliar os fatores que potencializaram o “sucesso” das suas trajetórias escolares. Para isso, foi aplicado um questionário a alunos desse grupo, gerando dados qualitativos e quantitativos. Os resultados da análise realizada a partir de tais dados permitem inferir que não é possível estabelecer uma relação determinista entre o perfil e as características dos discentes e a propensão à evasão escolar, ainda que as diferenças de classe social e outros determinantes socioeconômicos impactem os processos e resultados escolares. Todavia, a escola não se apresenta como mera reprodutora social, mas também como produtora de possibilidades de justiça social e curricular e como promotora de condições que desencadeiam a permanência e o sucesso escolar de discentes.

No presente artigo, apresentamos resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar percursos escolares de estudantes do ensino médio de escolas públicas de São Leopoldo, por meio da identificação de perfis que interferem nas desigualdades escolares, especialmente de fluxo escolar, levando à aprovação, à reprovação e ao abandono. Para isso, realizamos um estudo quantitativo com análise descritiva de dados coletados via aplicação de um questionário estruturado, usando a técnica de autoaplicação. Como suporte, utilizamos uma revisão bibliográfica e de literatura. Identificamos evidências que permitem afirmar que as diferenças de perfis associadas às características dos estudantes de escolas públicas se relacionam com a produção de desigualdades educacionais e sinalizam, além disso, situações de vulnerabilidades sociais que se reproduzem nos espaços escolares. Notamos, ainda, que, nas escolas públicas pesquisadas, há heterogeneidade de perfis de estudantes, principalmente em relação àqueles que cursam o ensino médio noturno.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the functional outcome of the remplissage technique, the healing of the capsulotenodesis of the infraspinatus tendon in Hill-Sachs lesion, and the degree of fatty infiltration of the infraspinatus muscle and its postoperative strength. Methods Twenty-five patients with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder and Hill-Sachs lesion with a Hardy index > 20% who underwent the remplissage arthroscopic technique were evaluated with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Patients underwent a clinical evaluation (Carter-Rowe and Walch-Duplay functional scores, measurement of range of motion and strength) and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam on the operated shoulder. Results Eighty-eight percent and 92% of the patients had good or excellent scores in the functional assessments of the Carter-Rowe andWalch-Duplay scores, respectively. Amean difference of - 1 kg in the strength of the operated limbwas observedwhen compared with the contralateral limb (p < 0.001), as well as amean difference of 10° in external rotation 1 and 2 (p < 0.001), also compared with the contralateral side. All of the patients who underwent an MRI exam presented high-grade filling of the Hill-Sachs lesion by capsulotenodesis, as well as absence of or minimal fatty infiltration in the infraspinatus muscle. Conclusion The remplissage technique had good/excellent functional score results, despite the discrete, albeit statistically significant, loss of strength and of external rotation amplitude. Successful capsulotenodesis healing and filling of the Hill-Sachs defect were demonstrated.

Este artigo se constitui em um diagnóstico da educação brasileira na década (2004-2014), a partir de informações disponíveis em bancos de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, levantadas pela Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios, especificamente a partir da análise de dados da área educacional. Apresenta políticase programas educacionais promovidos durante os períodos de gestão presidencial de Lula (2003-2010) e Dilma (2011-2016). A metodologia se baseou em uma pesquisa em fontes secundárias com tratamento estatístico dos dados, bem como suas análises foram desenvolvidas à luz de referenciais teóricos inspirados no Pensamento Social Contemporâneo. Os principais resultados do estudo apontam para um crescimento no acesso à educação para estudantes declarados como pretos ou pardos, assim como na redução das diferenças no acesso à educação entre famílias menos favorecidas economicamente. Contudo, ainda revelama persistência das desigualdades brasileiras, conservando e reproduzindo processos socialmente excludentes para grande parte da população. THE BRAZILIAN INEQUALITY REVEALED BY THE RESULT OF EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS Abstract: This article is a diagnosis of Brazilian education in decade (2004-2014), from information available in databases of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, raised by the National survey by sample of households, specifically from the data analysis from educational area. Present educational policies and programs promoted during the periods of presidential management Lula (2003-2010) and Dilma (2011-2016). The methodology was based on a research in secondary sources with data statistical treatment, as well as their analyses were developed in light of theoretical references inspired by contemporary social thought. The main results of the study point to a growth in access to education for students declared as black or brown, as well as reducing differences in access to education among economically disadvantaged families. However, they still reveal the persistence of Brazilian inequalities, preserving and reproducing socially excluding processes for a large part of population. Keywords: Education. Educational inequalities. Access. Permanence. LA DESIGUALDADE BRASILEÑA REVELADA POR EL RESULTADO DE INDICADORES EDUCACIONALES Resumen: Este artículo se constituye en un diagnóstico de la educación brasileña en la década (2004-2014), a partir de informaciones disponibles en bancos de datos del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística, levantadas por la Encuesta Nacional por Muestra de Domicilios, específicamente a partir del análisis de datos del área educativa. Presenta políticas y programas educativos promovidos durante los períodos de gestión presidencial de Lula (2003-2010) y Dilma (2011-2016). La metodología se basó en una investigación en fuentes secundarias con tratamiento estadístico de los datos, así como sus análisis fueron desarrolladas a la luz de referenciales teóricos inspirados en el Pensamiento Social Contemporáneo. Los principales resultados del estudio apuntan a para un crecimiento en el acceso a la educación para estudiantes declarados como negros o pardos, así como en la reducción de las diferencias en el acceso a la educación entre familias menos favorecidas económicamente. Sin embargo, todavía revelan la persistencia de las desigualdades brasileñas, conservando y reproduciendo procesos socialmente excluyentes para gran parte de la población. Palabras-clave: Educación. Desigualdades Educacionales. Acceso. Permanencia.

Este artigo pretende contribuir para a discussão sobre a importância de um repertorio de conhecimento geométrico, visando uma utilização mais frutífera de recursos algorítmico‑paramétricos no processo de projeto. Assim, este texto descreve os procedimentos e analisa os resultados obtidos por meio de uma experiência pratica realizada com alunos de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, que trabalharam em um workshop cujo objetivo foi o de conceber e fabricar digitalmente um minipavilhão/expositor de maquetes. Portanto, este paper descreve um método exploratório e experimental para estudar o processo de projeto e, com isso, permitir observar e analisar, desde a concepção até a execução de um produto final, as possibilidades de associação entre conhecimento geométrico e tecnologias digitais de suporte projetual. Como conclusão, tem‑se evidencias nas relações entre o conhecimento da Geometria e a tomada de decisão em projeto, ainda que este seja mediado por recursos computacionais.

Here, we verify the depigmenting action of Pouteria macrophylla fruit extract (EXT), incorporate it into a safe topical microemulsion and assess its effectiveness in a 3D pigmented skin model. Melanocytes-B16F10- were used to assess the EXT effects on cell viability, melanin synthesis, and melanin synthesis-related gene transcription factor expression, which demonstrated a 32% and 50% reduction of intra and extracellular melanin content, respectively. The developed microemulsion was composed of Cremophor EL®/Span 80 4:1 (w/w), ethyl oleate, and pH 4.5 HEPES buffer and had an average droplet size of 40 nm (PdI 0.40 ± 0.07). Skin irritation test with reconstituted epidermis (Skin Ethic RHETM) showed that the formulation is non-irritating. Tyrosinase inhibition was maintained after skin permeation in vitro, in which microemulsion showed twice the inhibition of the conventional emulsion (20.7 ± 2.2% and 10.7 ± 2.4%, respectively). The depigmenting effect of the microemulsion was finally confirmed in a 3D culture model of pigmented skin, in which histological analysis showed a more pronounced effect than a commercial depigmenting formulation. In conclusion, the developed microemulsion is a promising safe formulation for the administration of cutite fruit extract, which showed remarkable depigmenting potential compared to a commercial formulation.

This study aimed to quantify the external match loads (EMLs) of a Portuguese u-23 soccer team, competing at the highest national level for the age group, comparing players with different starting status throughout a competitive season and specific blocks. Thirty-five outfield soccer players were split into three groups for the entire season analysis and for each 3-month block, based on the percentage of games played as a starter. The three groups consisted of “starters” (≥55% of the games as a starter), “fringe” (30–54%), and “non-starters” (p < 0.05) were found for total distance (TD), exposure time, and the number of accelerations and decelerations between starters and non-starters throughout the season (d = 0.73 to 1.08), and within each block (d = 0.59 to 1.68). Differences were also found between starters and fringe players for the number of accelerations in Block 2 (p = 0.03; d = 0.69), and TD (p = 0.006; d = 1) and exposure time (p = 0.006; d = 0.95) in Block 3. Differences in the EML were almost always accompanied by large differences in game time. Our results highlight the differences in the EML of starters and non-starters, emphasizing the need for compensatory training, especially with players that obtain significantly less playing time, to prepare the players for match demands (e.g., high-intensity efforts such as sprinting, accelerations, and decelerations).

Um dos imaginários mais sólidos do Brasil diz respeito à perfeição física, representada atualmente na forma dos corpos femininos cisgênero, brancos, magros, que ocupam as praias da zona sul do Rio de Janeiro e assumida como atributo da marca Rio na construção da “cidade olímpica”. Este artigo busca compreender, por meio de uma análise crítica de quatro documentários internacionais de televisão produzidos e exibidos por televisões estrangeiras durante o chamado “período Olímpico”, como os corpos dissonantes a esses imaginários disputam espaços, o direito à cidade e a narrar-se por meio de rompimentos com a marca oficial. Apesar da diversidade cotidiana dos corpos dissonantes, três ganham espaço na mídia internacional: mulheres trans e travestis, analisadas em Gaycation: Brazil de Page e Daniel (2016) e Rio 50 Degrees — Carry on Carioca de Temple (2014); corpos negros e pobres invisibilizados no cotidiano urbano, em Copacabana Palace de Waldron (2014) e pessoas com deficiência que lutam pelo direito à inclusão e à mobilidade em A Bumpy Road to Rio de Fox (2015). Ainda que as representações desses corpos sejam pequenas em relação à ratificação dos imaginários já sólidos dos corpos perfeitos, sua abordagem contribui para dar visibilidade a sujeitos invisibilizados pelo processo de city branding, promovendo um importante questionamento em relação ao achatamento de sujeitos e subjetividades que a estratégia de construção da marca acaba por impor, além de mostrar outras possibilidades de existência, pontos de conflito diversos e de disputas pelo espaço urbano.

Introduction COVID-19 may lead to persistent and potentially incapacitating clinical manifestations (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)). Using easy-to-apply questionnaires and scales (often by telephone interviewing), several studies evaluated samples of COVID-19 inpatients from 4 weeks to several months after discharge. However, studies conducting systematic multidisciplinary assessments of PASC manifestations are scarce, with thorough in-person objective evaluations restricted to modestly sized subsamples presenting greatest disease severity.Methods and analyses We will conduct a prospective observational study of surviving individuals (above 18 years of age) from a cohort of over 3000 subjects with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were treated as inpatients at the largest academic health centre in Sao Paulo, Brazil (Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo). All eligible subjects will be consecutively invited to undergo a 1–2-day series of multidisciplinary assessments at 2 time-points, respectively, at 6–9 months and 12–15 months after discharge. Assessment schedules will include detailed multidomain questionnaires applied by medical research staff, self-report scales, objective evaluations of cardiopulmonary functioning, physical functionality and olfactory status, standardised neurological, psychiatric and cognitive examinations, as well as diagnostic laboratory, muscle ultrasound and chest imaging exams. Remaining material from blood tests will be incorporated by a local biobank for use in future investigations on inflammatory markers, genomics, transcriptomics, peptidomics and metabolomics.Ethics and dissemination All components of this programme have been approved by local research ethics committees. We aim to provide insights into the frequency and severity of chronic/post-COVID multiorgan symptoms, as well as their interrelationships and associations with acute disease features, sociodemographic variables and environmental exposures. Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific meetings. Additionally, we aim to provide a data repository to allow future pathophysiological investigations relating clinical PASC features to biomarker data extracted from blood samples.Trial registration number RBR-8z7v5wc; Pre-results.

Este artigo aborda o indicador educacional da evasão escolar na educação superior com o objetivo de distinguir e problematizar diferentes concepções e usos do termo em produções acadêmicas. Para isso, a metodologia usada consistiu em uma revisão bibliográfica de escritos publicados entre 1996 e 2015 que abordam a evasão na educação superior e que apresentam a fórmula de calculá-la. Foi possível identificar que o uso do termo está associado a diferentes perspectivas, temporalidades, granularidades e fórmulas. Tendo isso em vista, a utilização de tal indicador educacional para diagnóstico, monitoramento e avaliação de cursos, instituições, sistemas e políticas públicas requereria o desenvolvimento de um conceito e uma fórmula comuns. Colocamos, então, em evidência a pertinência da revisão desse indicador educacional para evitar o risco de comparações que seriam estatisticamente incomparáveis.

O presente texto apresenta um ensaio sobre a formação leitora de um professor recém-formado em Letras pela Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT). O estudo parte da inquietação dos pesquisadores em saber como foram as experiências leitoras de professores recém-formados e quais são suas percepções acerca da docência. Assim, tomamos como objeto a narrativa de um professor para representar esse ato tão especial que é a imersão em práticas letradas. Adota-se nesta pesquisa o estudo de caso e o procedimento entrevista, transcrição e análise de dados. Para isso, amparamos no pressuposto do interacionismo discursivo da perspectiva de Bakhtin (2011) e de outros autores. Para chegar ao objetivo principal, analisa-se os dados coletados a partir de três perguntas: Por que você escolheu ser professor? Como foram suas experiências com a leitura ao longo da vida? Que importância teve a leitura na sua vida? Os resultados apontam para uma reflexão sobre o fato de que a docência foi uma escolha pessoal do participante e que a leitura permitiu a este que vivenciasse um trajeto brilhante e promissor em seus estudos.

Introduction The use of cochlear implants and hearing aids (bimodal) has been growing with the expansion of the indication for them, and it is important to ensure protocols so that there is a balance of the loudness regarding the two devices. Objective To evaluate if the limited complex sounds present in the frequency bands of the current devices enable the balance of the loudness in adult users of bimodal stimulation, and to analyze if speech recognition improves after balancing. Methods A prospective cross-sectional study with convenience sampling. The sample was composed of 25 adults who had used either a cochlear implant for at least 6 months or a contralateral hearing aid, with a mean age of 46 years. The balancing of the loudness was performed in an acoustic room with the computer's sound box (0° azimuth at 70 dB SPL). The instrumental sounds were filtered through eight different frequency bands. The patients used both hearing devices and were asked if the sound was perceived to be louder in one of the ears or centrally. The speech test was evaluated with sentence silence (65 dB SPL) and/or noise signal ratio of 0 dB/+ 10 dB in free field at 0° azimuth, before and after balancing. Results: Out of the 25 patients, 5 failed to achieve balance at every tested frequency, and 3 achieved balance at almost every frequency, except 8 kHz. There was a significant difference between the speech recognition test only in silence before and after balancing. Conclusion: Most patients achieved sound equalization at all evaluated frequencies under the complex-sound protocol. Additionally, most patients experienced improved speech recognition after balancing.

Vortex based spin torque nano oscillators (STVOs) can present more complex dynamics than the spin torque induced gyrotropic (G) motion of the vortex core. The respective dynamic modes and the transition between them can be controlled by experimental parameters such as the applied dc current. An interesting behavior is the stochastic transition from the G-to a dynamic C-state occurring for large current densities. Moreover, the C-state oscillations exhibit a constant active magnetic volume. We present noise measurements in the different dynamic states that allow accessing specific properties of the stochastic transition, such as the characteristic state transition frequency. Furthermore, we confirm, as theoretically predicted, an increase of flicker noise with Idc2 when the oscillation volume remains constant with the current. These results bring insight into the potential optimization of noise properties sought for many potential rf applications with spin torque oscillators. Furthermore, the investigated stochastic characteristics open up new potentialities, for instance in the emerging field of neuromorphic computing schemes.

Introduction Temporal bone anatomy is complex and demands a profound anatomical knowledge. Association between surgery and imaging helps in the process of learning three-dimensional (3D) anatomy and surgical techniques. High definition temporal bone imaging can play an important role in dissection training. Objective To describe a computed tomography (CT) image-guided temporal bone dissection course for surgical training in otolaryngology and to verify the satisfaction level of the students with the course. Methods Descriptive research. The course took place at a research laboratory, with three experienced temporal bone surgeons. The participants were 12 otolaryngology residents. The laboratory has 7 modern workstations with microscope and monitors linked with a computerized video system. Cadaveric temporal bones were donated to the university. Imaging acquisition of the cadaveric temporal bones used in the course was performed in a multislice CT scanner. The CT images of cadaveric temporal bones were available with real-time access on the laboratory monitor's screens during dissections. Results A total of 13 temporal bones were included for dissection. Students had the opportunity to view on the same screen, simultaneously, both the dissection video and the respective CT images of their temporal bone anatomical specimens. This allowed correlating surgical and imaging aspects of temporal bone anatomy. At the end of the course, participants answered a satisfaction survey. Conclusion Considering imaging methods are routinely used during most otologic surgeries, detailed knowledge of CT imaging should be explored in conjunction with the temporal bone anatomical dissection.

The purpose of this study was to investigate, over a period of five years, the cortical maturation of the central auditory pathways and its impacts on the auditory and oral language development of children with effective use and without effective use of a Cochlear Implant (CI). A case series study was conducted with seven children who were CI users and seven children with normal hearing, with age- and gender-matched to CI users. The assessment was performed by long-latency auditory evoked potentials and auditory and oral language behavioral protocols. The results pronounced P1 latency decrease in all CI users in the first nine months. Over five years, five children with effective CI use presented decrease or stabilization of P1 latency and a gradual development of auditory and oral language skills, although, for most of the children, the electrophysiological and behavior results remained poor than their hearing peers’ results. Two children who stopped the effective use of CI after the first year of activation had worsened auditory and oral language behavioral skills and presented increased P1 latency. A negative correlation was observed between behavioral measures and the P1 latency, the P1 component being considered an important clinical resource capable of measuring the cortical maturation and the behavioral evolution.

Atualmente os (multi) letramentos e a interdisciplinaridade podem oferecer novos paradigmas para o processo de ensino/aprendizagem, que se sobrepõem às estruturas tradicionais de codificação e decodificação de conhecimentos. Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar uma experiência de trabalho, que contemplou diferentes ferramentas pedagógicas no ensino de microbiologia (fungos), aliando o ensino de Ciências da Natureza e Língua Portuguesa. Os percursos metodológicos foram constituídos nas seguintes etapas: a) aplicação de um questionário para verificação dos conhecimentos prévios dos alunos acerca da temática; b) apresentação de um livro paradidático; c) leitura coletiva da obra escolhida; d) solicitação de uma atividade prática; e) construção de um miniconto em parceria com a professora de Língua Portuguesa utilizando os apontamentos e fotografias produzidos pelos alunos na etapa anterior; f) transformação do miniconto e das imagens obtidas pelos alunos durante o processo de observação do experimento em vídeo; g) inserção do vídeo produzido pelos alunos na plataforma YouTube e h) aplicação de um novo questionário impresso objetivando verificar todo o processo de ensino/aprendizagem. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que a utilização de (multi) letramentos proporcionaram uma aprendizagem atrativa, estimulante e sobretudo significativa. Concluímos, assim, a importância de realizar um trabalho com inovadoras técnicas de ensino e interdisciplinaridade.

Resumo: A pesquisa objetivou analisar as ilustrações relacionadas à área da Biologia presentes no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) subsidiada pela Teoria Cognitivista da Aprendizagem Multimídia (TCAM), por meio de seu valor instrucional e os possíveis desvios imagéticos. A abordagem de conteúdos do Ensino de Biologia em muitos casos necessita de imagens para mediar o entendimento de estruturas e processos. O ENEM apresenta algumas questões com ilustrações para nortear o texto escrito, todavia podem apresentar equívocos de design ou falta de informações, dificultando a compreensão do enunciado. A TCAM estabelece princípios multimídias para mensurar o valor instrucional de imagens. No ENEM houve ilustrações de Valor Didático com desvios nos Princípios de Coerência e Sinalização. É importante empenhar maior atenção na idealização e inserção de imagens nesses exames e em similares, evitando, assim, ideias equivocadas, que podem influenciar na compreensão da questão e interferir na avaliação do candidato.

O ensino de parasitologia tem como cenário o local e o cotidiano dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo relacionado ao seu modo de viver e sua relação com as verminoses. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo usar e analisar o recurso didático “fábula” para o desenvolvimento da leitura, sua compreensão e produção, com a participação de 35 alunos do 6° ano de uma escola pública do Estado de Minas Gerais. A fábula escolhida e utilizada para a atividade foi “O barbeiro e o tatu”, do livro Fábulas Parasitológicas de Pedro Marcos Linardi, que aborda o protozoário Tripanosoma cruzi. Foi distribuída uma cópia da fábula para os alunos, a realização de uma leitura individual e posteriormente uma leitura coletiva. Logo após a leitura, foi requisitado aos alunos que os mesmos representassem por meio de desenhos a sua compreensão diante do texto. Os resultados apontam que os alunos se mostraram capazes de compreender a fábula por conseguirem expressar as situações relatadas na mesma.

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 Pandemic has resulted in a high number of hospital admissions and some of those patients need ventilatory support in intensive care units. The viral pneumonia secondary to Sars-cov-2 infection may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and longer mechanical ventilation needs, resulting in a higher demand for tracheostomies. Due to the high aerosolization potential of such procedure, and the associated risks of staff and envoirenment contamination, it is necesseray to develop a specific standardization of the of the whole process involving tracheostomies. This manuscript aims to demonstrate the main steps of the standardization created by a tracheostomy team in a tertiary hospital dedicated to providing care for patients with COVID-19.

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infection caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and it is highly transmissible, especially through respiratory droplets. To prepare the health system for the care of these patients also led to a restriction in the activity of several medical specialties. Physicians who work with patients affected by diseases of the head and neck region constitute one of the populations most vulnerable to COVID-19 and also most affected by the interruption of their professional activities. Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the practice of head and neck surgeons and otorhinolaryngologists in Brazil. Methods An anonymous online survey of voluntary participation was applied, containing 30 questions regarding demographic aspects, availability of personal protective equipment (PPE), and impact on the routine of head and neck surgeons and otorhinolaryngologists, as well as clinical oncologists and radiation oncologists who work with head and neck diseases. Results Seven hundred and twenty-nine answers were received in a period of 4 days, ∼ 40 days after the 1st confirmed case in Brazil. With professionals working in public and private services, there was a high level of concerns with the disease and its consequences, limited availability of PPE and a significant decrease in the volume of specialized medical care. Conclusion The study demonstrated a direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical practice of specialties related to the treatment of patients with diseases of the head and neck region already in the beginning of the illness management in Brazil.

RESUMO Objetivo identificar a contribuição do microfone omnidirecional (T-Mic) e microfone direcional adaptativo (UltraZoom) do processador de som Naída CIQ70 para o reconhecimento da fala no ruído e em ambiente reverberante. Identificar a contribuição do processador de som Naída CIQ70 para usuários do processador Harmony. Métodos participaram do estudo sete adultos com implante coclear unilateral, usuários do processador de som Harmony. O reconhecimento de sentenças foi avaliado em silêncio, em sala reverberante (RT60 de 553 ms) e ruído de 42,7 dBA (Leq), com os processadores Harmony e Naída CIQ70. A contribuição do microfone direcional UltraZoom foi avaliada no ruído. As sentenças gravadas foram apresentadas a 0° azimute. O ruído (babble noise) foi apresentado a + 5 dB SNR, a 90° azimute. Os participantes avaliaram subjetivamente a clareza do som e a dificuldade de escutar nas várias condições do teste. Resultados a média do reconhecimento de sentenças no silêncio com reverberação foi de 38,5% com o Harmony e 66,5% com o Naída CIQ70. A pontuação média de reconhecimento de sentenças no ruído foi de 40,5% com o Naída CIQ70, sem UltraZoom, e de 64,5% com UltraZoom. Nas classificações subjetivas de clareza do som e facilidade de escuta no ruído, nenhuma diferença foi identificada entre as condições de teste. Conclusão para usuários experientes do processador de som Harmony, a compreensão da fala em silêncio em uma sala reverbente foi significativamente melhor com o Naída CIQ70. O uso de uma tecnologia de microfone direcional adaptativa (UltraZoom) contribuiu para o reconhecimento de fala no ruído.

Autophagy is a mechanism responsible for intracellular degradation and recycling of macromolecules and organelles, essential for cell survival in adverse conditions. More than 40 autophagy-related (ATG) genes have been identified and characterized in fungi, among them ATG4 and ATG8. ATG4 encodes a cysteine protease (Atg4) that plays an important role in autophagy by initially processing Atg8 at its C-terminus region. Atg8 is a ubiquitin-like protein essential for the synthesis of the double-layer membrane that constitutes the autophagosome vesicle, responsible for delivering the cargo from the cytoplasm to the vacuole lumen. The contributions of Atg-related proteins in the pathogenic yeast in the genus Cryptococcus remain to be explored, to elucidate the molecular basis of the autophagy pathway. In this context, we aimed to investigate the role of autophagy-related proteins 4 and 8 (Atg4 and Atg8) during autophagy induction and their contribution with non-autophagic events in C. neoformans. We found that Atg4 and Atg8 are conserved proteins and that they interact physically with each other. ATG gene deletions resulted in cells sensitive to nitrogen starvation. ATG4 gene disruption affects Atg8 degradation and its translocation to the vacuole lumen, after autophagy induction. Both atg4 and atg8 mutants are more resistant to oxidative stress, have an impaired growth in the presence of the cell wall-perturbing agent Congo Red, and are sensitive to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ). By that, we conclude that in C. neoformans the autophagy-related proteins Atg4 and Atg8 play an important role in the autophagy pathway; which are required for autophagy regulation, maintenance of amino acid levels and cell adaptation to stressful conditions.

Dealing with big data, especially the videos and images, is the biggest challenge of existing Von-Neumann machines while the human brain, benefiting from its massive parallel structure, is capable of processing the images and videos in a fraction of second. The most promising solution, which has been recently researched widely, is brain-inspired computers, so-called neuromorphic computing systems (NCS). The NCS overcomes the limitation of the word-at-a-time thinking of conventional computers benefiting from massive parallelism for data processing, similar to the brain. Recently, spintronic-based NCSs have shown the potential of implementation of low-power high-density NCSs, where neurons are implemented using magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) or spin torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) and memristors are used to mimic synaptic functionality. Although using STNOs as neuron requires lower energy in comparison to the MTJs, still there is a huge gap between the power consumption of spintronic-based NCSs and the brain due to high bias current needed for starting the oscillation with a detectable output power. In this manuscript, we propose a spintronic-based NCS (196 × 10) proof-of-concept where the power consumption of the NCS is reduced by assisting the STNO oscillation through a microwatt nanosecond laser pulse. The experimental results show the power consumption of the STNOs in the designed NCS is reduced by 55.3% by heating up the STNOs to 100°C. Moreover, the average power consumption of spintronic layer (STNOs and memristor array) is decreased by 54.9% at 100°C compared with room temperature. The total power consumption of the proposed laser assisted STNO-based NCS (LAO-NCS) at 100°C is improved by 40% in comparison to a typical STNO-based NCS at room temperature. Finally, the energy consumption of the LAO-NCA at 100°C is expected to reduce by 86% compared with a typical STNO-based NCS at the room temperature.

Introduction Facial nerve palsy results in both functional disability and psychological morbidity. There are several well-established grading scales to quantify the quality of life of these patients. Objective Translate and validate the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) scale and Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods This study adopted a forward-backward translation method and performed cross-cultural adaptation. A pilot study was conducted to correct any confusing language and to evaluate content validity. A validation study was then performed. Internal consistency of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the FaCE and SAQ items was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Construct validity was assessed by Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient between FaCE and SAQ scores to eFACE, House-Brackmann, Short Form 12 (SF-12) and Facial Disability Index (FDI) (sub)scores. Results A total of 90 patients were included. Cronbach’s alpha for total domain scored 0.881 for FaCE and 0.809 for SAQ. FaCE total score correlation to eFACE total and House-Brackmann showed Spearman’s r value of 0.537 and −0.538, respectively (p

Introduction: Breastfeeding has unique health benefits. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended during the first six months of life and should be maintained during complementary feeding. Alternatively, infant formulas, which are designed to mimic human breastmilk to promote similar metabolic and growth profiles, can be used. This study aimed to assess the opinion of Portuguese paediatricians with expertise in nutrition on the composition, benefits and indications of commercialised infant formulas. Material and Methods: A survey based on the Delphi method with application of a questionnaire developed by a scientific committee was issued to a panel of paediatricians with expertise in nutrition. An initial questionnaire that included 65 items covering 11 areas was administered in two rounds. Results: Twenty-one experts participated, and the final response rate was 87.5%. The panel was in agreement in 68.3% of the enquired items, namely that infant formulas should be used only when breastfeeding is not possible. Notwithstanding, the opinion of the panel was heterogeneous on a number of issues, particularly those related to the advantages and indications of ‘special’ or modified infant formulas (partially hydrolysed formulas and anti-colic, anti-constipation and anti-regurgitation formulas) and of young child formulas (‘growing-up formulas’). Discussion: A wide consensus was recorded on the nutritional quality, food safety and indications attributed to commercialized infant formulas. Conclusion: The opinion of Portuguese experts was consensual in most of the enquired topics. The absence of consensus was mostly related to issues that remain under debate in the literature and lack robust scientific evidence.

Studies have shown that using higher operational capacity harvesters render less fuel consumption per harvested area and, as a result, less operating expenses. This paper aims to obtain the effective fuel consumption per hour of the CASE IH A4000 harvester during the mechanical harvest of raw sugar cane. The study took place in a sugar cane plantation with mechanical harvest in an area belonging to a producer for Coagro (Cooperativa Agroindustrial do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Ltda.) (Agroindustrial Cooperative of the State of Rio de Janeiro), in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. The variety of sugar cane was evaluated at RB867515 in its third cut. The system of automatic data acquisition was built from a volumetric flow sensor to determine the fuel flow, in addition to a data collector (Datalogger) and a global positioning system (GPS) device. To determine the fuel consumption per hour, data from the fuel flow sensor were used. The consumption per hour of fuel was 33.9 L.h-1. The effective consumption was estimated in 1.84 L. ton-1. The consumption per hour and the effective consumption of the CASE IH A4000 were more than double of what the manufacturers stipulated, which means, the consumption is much higher than desirable.

O presente trabalho se propõe a estudar as festas à Virgem Urkupiña, padroeira da Bolívia, na cidade de Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul. Apontam-se suas características e o nível de interação e distanciamento entre nacionais e bolivianos. Como método, recorreu-se à pesquisa bibliográfica sobre fronteira e identidade e a uma descrição qualitativa das festas, após a realização de entrevistas e observação dos eventos sócio religiosos até se atingir a saturação da questão. Como resultados, notou-se que a fronteira vivida ultrapassa limites políticos e econômicos, que as festas se distinguem das realizadas na matriz devocional (Quillacollo – Cochabamba) e que alguns preconceitos com os bolivianos persistem, seja pelo desinteresse do idioma, da moeda ou invisibilidade das festas no calendário cultural da localidade. De outro lado, a sua realização e a participação, mesmo modesta dos brasileiros, concretiza, no mínimo, o respeito aos direitos de liberdade de consciência e de religião.

Abstract Introduction The literature shows that there are anatomical changes on the temporal bone anatomy during the first four years of life in children. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the temporal bone anatomy regarding the cochlear implant surgery in stillbirths between 32 and 40 weeks of gestational age using computed tomography to simulate the trajectory of the drill to the scala timpani avoiding vital structures. Objectives To measure the distances of the simulated trajectory to the facial recess, cochlea, ossicular chain and tympanic membrane, while performing the minimally invasive cochlear implant technique, using the Improvise imaging software (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, US). Methods An experimental study with 9 stillbirth specimens, with gestational ages ranging between 32 and 40 weeks, undergoing tomographic evaluation with individualization and reconstruction of the labyrinth, facial nerve, ossicular chain, tympanic membrane and cochlea followed by drill path definition to the scala tympani. Improvise was used for the computed tomography (CT) evaluation and for the reconstruction of the structures and trajectory of the drill. Results Range of the distance of the trajectory to the facial nerve: 0.58 to 1.71 mm. to the ossicular chain: 0.38 to 1.49 mm; to the tympanic membrane: 0.85 to 1.96 mm; total range of the distance of the trajectory: 5.92 to 12.65 mm. Conclusion The measurements of the relationship between the drill and the anatomical structures of the middle ear and the simulation of the trajectory showed that the middle ear cavity at 32 weeks was big enough for surgical procedures such as cochlear implants. Although cochlear implantation at birth is not an indication yet, this study shows that the technique may be an option in the future.

Abstract Introduction The cochlear implants centers in the world are studying the cochlear implantation in children with multiple handicaps. Objective To develop a questionnaire to analyze the subjective benefits of the cochlear implantation in multiple handicapped children according to their parent's perspective. Methods A questionnaire was applied to 14 families of multiple handicapped children, aging from 2–12 years old and having from 11 months to 11 years of implant use. Results The social-emotional abilities were improved because of many factors, such as: auditory exposure, which happened in 84% of the children; recognition of their own names, which increased in 56%; and development of eye contact, in 28% of the subjects. Other benefits appeared to be: music appreciation and more attention and adherence to other therapies and school activities. Besides, some children became interested in objects, playing with other children, and more adapted to daily routines. Thirty-five percent of the children acquired oral language, mainly the bilaterally implanted, while 14% of them were engaged in sign language. Although all of the children showed a significant improvement in communication, the emotional issues of some families and the severity of the handicaps negatively impacted the outcomes. In spite of the families' acknowledgement of some benefits, the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder caused frustration, requiring a readjustment of the expectations. Conclusion The questionnaire turned out to be an adequate tool to reveal the social-emotional benefits of cochlear implantation. Although oral language was not the major outcome in these cases, the cochlear implant benefits involved the whole family. All of the families recommended the implant to other children in a similar situation.

Abstract Introduction The P3 cognitive evoked potential is recorded when a subject correctly identifies, evaluates and processes two different auditory stimuli. Objective to evaluate the latency and amplitude of the P3 evoked potential in 26 cochlear implant users with post-lingual deafness with good or poor speech recognition scores as compared with normal hearing subjects matched for age and educational level. Methods In this prospective cohort study, auditory cortical responses were recorded from 26 post-lingual deaf adult cochlear implant users (19 with good and 7 with poor speech recognition scores) and 26 control subjects. Results There was a significant difference in the P3 latency between cochlear implant users with poor speech recognition scores (G-) and their control group (CG) (p = 0.04), and between G- and cochlear implant users with good speech discrimination (G+) (p = 0.01). We found no significant difference in the P3 latency between the CG and G+. In this study, all G- patients had deafness due to meningitis, which suggests that higher auditory function was impaired too. Conclusion Post-lingual deaf adult cochlear implant users in the G- group had prolonged P3 latencies as compared with the CG and the cochlear implant users in the G+ group. The amplitudes were similar between patients and controls. All G- subjects were deaf due to meningitis. These findings suggest that meningitis may have deleterious effects not only on the peripheral auditory system but on the central auditory processing as well.

Este artículo describe los indicadores de contexto en análisis para identificar los procesos com indicadores de flujo escolar. Se ha utilizado la base de datos del Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira, sometida a un tratamiento estadístico por medio del análisis de regresión múltiple. Al identificar la relación entre los indicadores, se ha percibido la necesidad de relativizar o utilizar los resultados de los indicadores educativos en la evaluación de la calidad de educación.

Developing technologies capable of constantly assessing and optimizing day-to-day activities has been a research priority for several years. A key factor in such technologies is the use of highly sensitive sensors to monitor in real-time numerous parameters, such as temperature and load. Due to their unique features, optical fiber sensors became one of the most interesting and viable solutions for applications dependent on those parameters. In this work, we present an optical fiber load sensor, called load cell, based on Fabry–Pérot hollow cavities embedded in a polymeric material. By using the load cells in a parallel configuration with a non-embedded hollow cavity, the optical Vernier effect was generated, allowing maximum sensitivity values of 0.433 nm N−1 and 0.66 nm °C−1 to be attained for vertical load and temperature, respectively. The proposed sensor’s performance, allied with the proposed configuration, makes it a viable and suitable device for a wide range of applications, namely those requiring high thermal and load sensitivities.

Power systems rely on ancillary services (ASs) to ensure system security and stability. Until recently, only the conventional power generation resources connected to the transmission grids were allowed to provide these ASs managed by the transmission system operators (TSOs), while distribution system operators (DSOs) had a more passive role, focused on guaranteeing distribution capacity to bring power to final consumers with enough quality. Now, with the decarbonization, digitalization and decentralization processes of the electrical networks, the growing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution grids are displacing conventional generation and increasing the complexity of distribution networks’ operation, requiring the implementation of new active and coordinated management strategies between TSOs and DSOs. In this context, DERs are becoming potential new sources of flexibility for both TSOs and DSOs in helping to manage the power system. This paper proposes a systematic characterization of both traditional and potentially new ASs for TSOs, and newly expected DSO local system services to support the new distribution grid operation paradigm, reviewing, in addition, the main TSO-DSO coordination mechanisms.