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In April 2016, legislation was enacted to ban unjust discrimination against people with disabilities, with the aim of creating a society where all citizens, regardless of disabilities, will be able to coexist without prejudice while respecting each other’s personalities and individuality. This legislation has resulted in demands for specific measures to be taken to prohibit unfair discriminatory treatment and the non-provision of “reasonable ac-commodation” for such individuals. Enacted by the various Boards of Education, the special selection examination for candidates with disabili-ties applying for teaching positions only processes an extremely small number of both applicants and new hires. It cannot be said that sufficient consideration has been given to establishing adequate candidacy qualifi-cations for such examinations or for the actual implementation of the examination. This study firstly compares the legislative situation regarding the rights of people with disabilities and the hiring trends of teachers with disabilities appointed by Boards of Education. Furthermore, the study traces changes in the legislative system, while pinpointing issues encountered by the various Boards of Education when hiring teaching staff with disabilities. In addition, with advancements being made in the rights of people with disabilities, the study also attempts to discuss methods that will address individual issues, to further promote the hiring of teaching staff with disabilities in the future.

The work starts with an introduction on general informations about rights of persons with disabilities in Serbia, the problems they are facing and the legal framework. The next chapter analyses rights of persons with disabilities in UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its ratification in Serbian Constitution and laws. The main focus is the concept of accessibility and access to the environment. Afterwards, the next chapter deals with Serbian laws for people with disabilities: Constitution, Ratification Law, Law about vocational rehabilitation and employment of persons with disabilities, Law about prevention of discrimination of persons with disabilities. And finally, the last chapter concludes the paper with pointing out the urgentness of creating an environment for all by promoting the rights of those with disabilities, by providing access to justice, accessibility for services and normal unobstructed life for everybody, without any form of discrimination.

The discussion of the achievements and limitations of the strategies prioritised in global mental health that has taken place in recent years contributed to a unified vision for action that addresses the gaps still existing on prevention, treatment, quality of care and human rights protection. This editorial presents four reflections on the impact of this vision on the definition of future priorities, particularly in the areas of policy implementation, services reconfiguration and organisation, human rights and research. It concludes that further debate is needed to redefine the balance between priorities and strategies that can better promote an effective response to the needs of low and middle income countries, and to ensure an efficient coordination of efforts in the future.

Invalidi so heterogena skupina, za katero so značilne različne invalidnosti in zato lahko v literaturi srečamo številne definicije invalidnosti. Tako kot je pri številu definicij invalidnosti, je tudi področje urejanja človekovih pravic močno razvejano. Naloga prikazuje pomembnejše dokumente, ki urejajo človekove pravice invalidov do sprejetja Mednarodne konvencije o pravicah invalidov. Pravna ureditev pravic invalidov je zahtevna tematika, ki je med seboj zelo prepletena in s tem tako na mednarodni kot tudi na ravni RS urejena s številnimi zakoni. Na mednarodni ravni so v nalogi predstavljeni predpisi, ki to področje urejajo in so jih sprejele: OZN, Mednarodna organizacija dela, Svet Evrope in Evropska unija. Na nacionalni ravni pa je ureditev pravic invalidov prikazana po različnih področjih. Tako je prikazano področje vzgoje in izobraževanja, dela in zaposlovanja, zdravstvenega varstva, pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja, starševskega varstva in družinskih prejemkov, socialnega varstva vojnih invalidov ter kulture. People with disabilities are a heterogeneous group characterized by various disabilities, therefore many definitions of disability can be found in the literature. As with the number of definitions of disability, the area of human rights is also highly diversified. This thesis presents the most important documents that regulate the human rights of persons with disabilities until the adoption of an UN Convention on the Rights of persons with Disabilities. The regulation of the rights of persons with disabilities is a complex topic, which is very intertwined, and thus regulated by a number of laws on the international as well as at the state level. At the international level, regulations that regulate this field and have been adopted by the UN, the International Labor Organization, the Council of Europe and the European Union are presented. At the national level, the regulation of the rights of people with disabilities is presented in different areas. In this sense the areas of education, work and employment, health care, pension and disability insurance, parental protection and family benefits, social protection of war invalids and culture are presented.

The article shows the role of Russian ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Problem analysis of kind of services for chil- dren with disabilities and lifelong disabled persons is performed using a schema “Alternative living models for a lifelong disabled person in Russia”. The article demonstrates the main content of early intervention programs and the role and place of a multidisciplinary team of program experts. We discuss the main aspects of the problems related to education for disabled children, the features of linkage between social services and social support for children with disabilities and families raising them. Attention is paid to the development and widespread implementation of hospital- substituting technologies. The article presents con- cept of a pilot project of the Foundation for children in difficult life situation to facilitate the social adaptation of disabled persons. Author made a conclusions on increasing authorities’ attention to disable person’s needs, the need for change in the current legislation according to UN Convention, and annexations to federal legislation governing the rights of disabled children and lifelong disabled persons, the need to develop public policies using all available resources and the experience of socially oriented NGOs primarily.

Unemployment of persons with disabilities is a widely recognised problem, also present in the Republic of Croatia. Therefore, it is important to make efforts to improve the position of persons who are particularly "sensitive" and "vulnerable" in the labour market, which is certainly the case for persons with disabilities. Their employment is influenced by a number of factors, such as the potential of a country's economy, aggravating factors such as prejudice, spatial and psychological barriers, etc. As compared to the rest of the population, there are differences with respect to persons with disabilities, not only in employment but also in personal income and other activities. Despite the stimulating measures, in the Republic of Croatia it is difficult to recruit persons with disabilities who often fall under the burden of family and social welfare. Such persons are last to get a job and first to lose it. For this reason, vocational training and employment of disabled persons is a basic measure of their protection. In this paper, an overview of the research results on the employment of persons with disabilities in the city of Split, conducted in August 2016, is presented. The research deals with the implementation of the Act on Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment of Persons with Disabilities. To this end, opinions and attitudes of persons with disabilities have been explored regarding their employment problems and shortcomings of the aforementioned Act. A survey was used as a research method. The research sample included an age group of 20 to 61, planned in accordance with the Report of the Croatian Institute of Public Health (2015). A sample of 49 respondents was realised in cooperation with NGOs dealing with persons with disabilities in the City of Split. According to the research results, most respondents believe that employers are not familiar with the difficulties that persons with disabilities face. The most common problems with their employment are the lack of employers' understanding, stereotypes about work efficiency, architectural barriers, few jobs available, and a lack of qualifications.

Intellectual property (IP) is omnipresent in both the context of the United Nations (UN) system (including international human rights law and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)), and international trade law, while the right to food has a much lower international profile. IP moved into international trade in 1994 through the TRIPS Agreement. The right to food has no presence in international trade. These two rights are the focus of this study – but are contrasted with several other rights: the right to health and the rights of persons with disabilities. The right to health was not present in international trade until 2001when in the Doha Declaration, it first appeared paired with IP. The rights of persons with disabilities still do not appear in the international trade context but the 2013 Marrakesh Treaty nonetheless connects them with IP. This thesis traces the definition of the right to food and the right to IP using doctrinal and historical analysis. The author concludes that (a) that lack of clarity in the definition of the right to food, and (b) lack of strength in international institutions, both make the right to food ill-prepared for the challenges presented by the increasingly powerful position of IP in international arenas.

India signed the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Person with Disabilities (UNCRPD) and subsequently ratified the same on October 1, 2007. The UNCRPD proclaims that disability results from an interaction of impairments with attitudinal and environmental barriers which hinders full and active participation in society on an equal basis. Further, the convention also mandates the signatories to change their national laws, to identify and eliminate obstacles and barriers, and to comply with the terms of the UNCRPD. In this regard, the Government of India initially undertook the amendment of laws such as Persons with Disability Act, 1995 (PWD Act 1995). The Rights of PWD Act, 2016 (RPWD Act 2016) replaced the PWD Act 1995 to comply with the UNCRPD. The new act was fine-tuned considering the socio-cultural and local needs of the society, and the available resources. Persons with Mental Illness (PMI) are often stigmatized and discriminated, which hinders their full and active participation in society. This is a much larger issue, especially in women, gender minorities, backward communities, and the poor and the migrated populations. Adding to the complexities, PMIs are often not aware of their illness, refuse the much-needed treatment and often are not in a place to exercise their rights. There is an urgent need to address this issue of attitudinal barrier so that the rights of PMI are upheld. Hence, this article discusses challenges and opportunities in the RPWD Act 2016 from the perspective of PMI.

The most significant indicator that a society is democratic is thatall individuals constituting this society have equal rights and enjoythem efficiently. However, in our country that is progressing slowly onthe road to democracy, the citizens with disabilities benefit from rightsto education, health, and labor less efficiently than the citizens withoutdisabilities do. Social awareness and political responsibility are requiredin order for the persons with disabilities to enjoy these rights efficiently.Thus, visual media, with the power to inform, raise awareness, andcreate public opinion, takes on a significant task and responsibility. Thecurrent research aims to reveal the extent to which national televisionchannels achieve this task and fulfill this responsibility. In addition, thestatus of rights stated, in details, by the “UN Convention on the Rightsof Persons with Disabilities” included by the national televisionchannels is among the aims of the current research. Data for thecurrent study conducted with descriptive survey model were obtainedfrom the media follow-up center. Descriptive analysis was used toanalyze the content on persons with disabilities and rights of personswith disabilities broadcasted by 48 national television channels in 2012.Results of the analyses showed that the number, duration, and types ofbroadcasts about persons with disabilities and rights of persons withdisabilities on national television channels were not adequate; “workand right to employment” were mostly emphasized; broadcasting onpersons with disabilities was mostly on during “World Week of Personswith Disabilities” in May and during “World Day of Persons withDisabilities” in December; and the news about rights of persons withdisabilities was mostly broadcasted in February, May, December, July,and April. The current study concluded that the level of visibility ofpersons with disabilities on visual media was low and the visual mediadid not adequately include rights of persons with disabilities. Demokratik bir toplumun en önemli göstergesi o toplumu oluşturan tüm bireylerin eşit haklara sahip olması ve bu haklardan etkin bir biçimde yararlanmasıdır. Ancak demokratik bir toplum olma yolunda ağır adımlarla ilerleyen ülkemizde engelli vatandaşlar eğitim, sağlık, çalışma vb. haklardan engelli olmayan diğer vatandaşlara göre etkin bir biçimde yararlanamamaktadır. Engelli vatandaşlarımızın bu haklardan etkin bir biçimde yararlanabilmeleri için toplumsal bir duyarlılığa ve siyasi sorumluluğa ihtiyaç vardır. Bu noktada bilgilendirme, farkındalık ve kamuoyu oluşturma gücü olan görsel medyanın çok önemli bir görevi ve sorumluluğu vardır. Bu araştırma ulusal televizyon kanallarının bu görev ve sorumluluğu ne kadar yerine getirdiklerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca ulusal televizyon kanallarında, engelli haklarının ayrıntılı bir biçimde ele alındığı Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından hazırlanmış olan "Engellilerin Haklarına Dair Sözleşme"'de yer alan engelli haklarına yer verilme durumu da bu araştırmanın amaçları arasındadır. Betimsel tarama modelinde yürütülen araştırmanın veri kaynağı medya takip merkezinden temin edilmiştir. 48 ulusal televizyon kanalının 2012 yılı içinde yaptığı engelliler ve engelli hakları ile ilgili yayınların analizinde betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre ulusal televizyon kanallarında engelliler ve engelli hakları ile ilgili yapılan yayınların sayısı, süresi ve çeşidi açısından yetersiz olduğu; yapılan yayınlar içerisinde en fazla “çalışma ve istihdam hakkı” ile ilgili yayınların olduğu; engelliler ile ilgili yayınların daha çok “Dünya Engelliler Haftası” nın içinde olduğu Mayıs ayında ve “Dünya Engelliler Günü” nün içinde olduğu Aralık ayında yapıldığı; engelli hakları ile ilgili haberlerin ise daha çok sırasıyla Şubat, Mayıs, Aralık, Temmuz ve Nisan aylarında yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırmada engellilerin görsel medyadaki görünürlülüğünün düşük olduğu ve görsel medyada engelli haklarına yeterince yer verilmediğisonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

V diplomski nalogi so predstavljene pravice delovnih invalidov, ki predstavljajo najštevilčnejšo skupino med invalidi. V Sloveniji nimamo enotnega zakona, ki bi podal definicijo invalida, temveč je teh več. Status delovnega invalida pa imajo le tisti, ki pridobijo katero od pravic iz pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja. Kljub temu, da zavarovanec uveljavlja pravice pri zavodu za invalidsko in pokojninsko zavarovanje, je obveznost za uresničitev nekaterih od njih na strani delodajalca. Delovne invalide razvrščamo v različne kategorije invalidnosti, odvisno od tega kako težke posledice je invalidnost pustila pri zavarovancu. V kolikor postane zavarovanec popolnoma nezmožen za delo, mu pripada pravica do invalidske pokojnine, s katero se mu želi omogočiti čim boljše življenje. V primeru zmožnosti za delo, pa se poskuša delovnemu invalidu omogočiti čim večjo dejavnost na trgu dela v skladu z njegovo preostalo delovno zmožnostjo. Namen diplomske naloge je tudi predstaviti položaj delovnega invalida v primeru odpovedi pogodbe o zaposlitvi ter vloga delodajalca pri pravicah delovnih invalidov. Invalidi se le stežka uveljavljajo na trgu dela, saj se jim delodajalci pogosto želijo izogniti zaradi obveznosti, ki jih s sabo prinaša zaposlitev invalida. Zato je še toliko bolj pomembno, da se pravice invalidov spoštujejo ter se jim s tem omogoči, da ne občutijo neenakosti in se lažje vključijo na trg dela. In this thesis, I would like to present the Rights of Persons with work disabilities, which represent the most numerous group among the disabled. Slovenia does not have a single bill, which would have given the definition of a disabled person, but there is more of them. Status of the work disabled have only those who obtain any of the rights from pension and disability insurance. Despite the fact that the insured exercises the rights in survey, is there an obligation for realization some of them on the employer side. In addition to the Law on Pension and Disability Insurance and the Labour law is to present the international documents, which are in cimpliance with and enforcement of the rights of persons with disabilities becoming increasingly important. Working people with disabilities are classified into different categories of disability, depend on how severe the consequences of the invalidity left in the insured person. If the insured becomes totally incapacitated for work, have a right to an invalidity pension, wich it aims to bring the best possible life. In the case of the ability to work, are trying to allow disabled worker the maximum activity in the labour market in accordance with its remaining capacity. The aim of this thesis is the present sutation of disabled workers in the event of termination of the employment contract and the role of the employer in rights of persons with work disabilities. Persons with disabilities difficult establish in the labor market, because they often want employers to avid because of obligations which brings with it the employment of the disabled. This is even more important to respect the rights of persons with disabilities and enable them to not feel inequal and to facilitate their integration into the labor market.

This assessment originated from the dialogue on reforming the Cash Transfer Program (CTP) managed by the Ministry of Social Affairs (MOSA) to increase monetary support for people with disabilities (PWD). According to the beneficiaries, the current benefit payment is not sufficient to address the special needs of a household with a member with disability. In response to the demand of the beneficiaries, the MOSA considered additional compensation for vulnerable households including PWD; an analysis was conducted to weight the costs and benefits of modifying the targeting formula to accommodate additional compensation for PWD. The results did not support increasing the monetary compensation because the costs of adjustment were expected to outweigh the benefits and do so at the expense of larger number of poor beneficiaries. Furthermore, global evidence suggests that cash transfers are not necessarily the sole or right instrument to address the needs of PWD in an adequate manner. Rather, meeting the needs requires a holistic approach with greater focus on providing services complemented by temporary cash benefits. Also, compensating only by cash is not sustainable.

For a long time disability was considered a question of social development, outside the responsibilities of official human rights institutions. Over the last three decades this approach has evolved, and disability is now viewed in terms of human rights, a change that has received important support from the United Nations and its Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) of 2006. Qatar ratified the CRPD in 2008.The main purposes of the CRPD are “to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities, and to promote respect for their inherent dignity”. The CRPD embodies the philosophy of the social model of disability; that is, the idea that an individual's disability is largely the product of a social order in which someone who is different does not fit in. This is clear in the Convention's definition of disability and in its guiding principles of non-discrimination, universal accessibility and legal capacity, inclusion and diversity.In its journey towards implementing the CRPD, Qatar will likely face challenges common to all signatory countries: the philosophical questioning of the Convention's theoretical framework, as well as objections from traditional legal theorists to the Convention's doctrine.The challenges to the theoretical basis of the Convention will likely converge around philosophical doubts regarding adopting the social model of disability as a new paradigm and concerns that such a model is impossible to implement. The doctrinal legal objections are most often linked to the relative difficulty of applying international mandates to domestic laws. In addition, the rights of persons with disabilities are often considered economic, social and cultural rights, which are provided for depending on the resources actually available; those rights are often not viewed as individual, civil and political rights under the human rights statute, independent of the fact that they need an action or an abstention from the state. Finally, traditional legal doctrine holds that individual legal capacity requires full mental competence as a pre-requisite. The CRPD, instead, advances a model of assisted capacity; this means that a degree of legal capacity is recognized in each individual according to his or her condition. The individual receives assistance in making decisions, while in the classical doctrine the individual is substituted altogether by a guardian.Other challenges to full CRPD implementation are more specific to Qatar. Qatar has traditionally conceived disability as a medical problem of the individual, who is given support and rehabilitation. The legal framework approaches disability from that perspective, and the medical model seems to be deeply rooted in Qatar. Disability is presented as a problem of individuals with special needs that must be corrected, rectified or tempered by providing as much support as possible. This is not the model of the Convention, and Qatari legislation must be brought into the fold of the social and human rights model in order to be compliant with the CRPD's mandate.Universal accessibility is presented by the CRPD as a sine qua non condition for the equal exercise of rights by all individuals. In this regard, it cannot be considered a matter subject to political goodwill or to gracious concessions or as a reward for certain individuals or groups. Qatar has made significant but unsystematic efforts towards accessibility, in line with the Convention. However, the Qatari legal system still needs a general law on disability or a specific norm on accessibility that establishes the obligation to remove barriers to accessibility in all areas. This is necessary in light of the CRPD's mandate regarding the state's responsibility in promoting the material conditions needed for the full enjoyment of rights.Regarding legal capacity, the traditional view of legal incapacitation is based on a conception of disability as a medical problem. The philosophy that informs the CRPD, inspired by the social model and the principle of non-discrimination, supersedes this view, abandoning substitution in the taking of decisions and replacing it with assistance and support in the making of decisions. This is likely to make waves within the domestic legislation of the state parties. The Qatari legislation in general responds to the pre-CRPD substitution mode, both in the Civil Code and the Family Code.Our studies, though, have found elements in Qatari legislation that are avant la lettre compliant with the CRPD, and could represent the seed of a new model that might extend throughout the legislation. The Qatari Civil Code, although anchored in the substitution model, establishes for persons with some types of disability the figure of a judicial assistant to help that person in his or best interests. We maintain that this notion could be extended to all fields where assistance in decision-making is required. In this point we would politely disagree with the UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which has expressed its “deep concern” about Qatari laws on legal capacity. The Qatari Civil Code already contains, for special cases, a possible notion of supported capacity, and this model, granted in special cases, would merely need to be extended to the rest of those that fall under the protection of the CRPD.Adopting the CRPD and incorporating the social and human rights model of disability into the legal system are not simple tasks for any signatory state. Theoretical, legal, social and economic issues may stand in the way. Challenges along these lines should be identified and addressed by Qatar in its path towards implementation.The medical model of disability has been useful in the past, but the legal system, social institutions and the general public should move towards the social and human rights model, which is richer and better protects the rights of persons with disabilities.The areas of universal accessibility and legal capacity are essential to implementing the CRPD and may encounter serious challenges from the prevalent philosophical and legal cultures.Qatar has made numerous, albeit unsystematic, efforts to address the principle of universal accessibility. Those efforts would need to be organized under a general law on accessibility that would impose on the public and private sectors a clear mandate – and certain standards – to eliminate all barriers to accessibility in all areas, from architecture to electronic services.Regarding universal legal capacity, we maintain that Qatar is very well positioned to fully embrace the mandates of the CRPD, moving from a substitution model to a model of assisted capacity. The Qatari Civil Code already contemplates that notion, and extending it to all areas of disability would place Qatar at the vanguard of most, if not all, signatories of the CRPD.AcknowledgementThis presentation was made possible by the support of the NPRP grant 7 – 380 – 5 – 051 from the Qatar National Research Fund. The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.

International audience; Depuis les années 1970, la notion de handicap et les politiques qui le concernent ont profondément évolué. Si les mises en œuvre concrètes des politiques sont variables d’un pays à l’autre, voire d’un ministère à l’autre, d’une région à l’autre, il n’en reste pas moins qu’un modèle commun est à l’œuvre : celui des droits. La référence aux droits fondamentaux des personnes constitue une évolution majeure de l’ensemble des revendications sociales des sociétés contemporaines (Barral, 1999, Israël, 2009). Le domaine du handicap l’a décliné à sa manière en se dotant au fil du temps d’un arsenal juridique qui soutient la personne handicapée comme sujet de droits et actrice du droit. L’adoption en 2006 de la Convention de l’ONU relative aux droits des personnes handicapées constitue une étape majeure de ce processus au long cours. (Intro.)

Fundamental rights for all people with disabilities, education and employment are key for the inclusion of people with autism. They play as facilitators for the social inclusion of persons with autism and as multipliers for their enjoyment of other fundamental rights. After outlining the international and European dimensions of the legal protection of the rights to education and employment of people with autism, the book provides an in-depth analysis of domestic legislative, judicial and administrative practice of the EU Member States in these fields. Each chapter identifies the good practices on inclusive education and employment of people with autism consistent with principles and obligations enshrined in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Articles 24 and 27). The book contains the scientific results of the European Project "Promoting Equal Rights for People with Autism in the Field of Employment and Education" (JUST/2013/PROG/AG/5004/NGOS) co-funded by the PROGRESS Programme, aimed at supporting the implementation of the UN Convention in the fields of inclusive education and employment.

People with disabilities are among the group of people vulnerable to unemployment, especially the long-term one. On the labor market there is enhanced protection provided for people with disabilities. Act 435/2004 Coll., On Employment regulates the obligation of employers to employ people with disabilities. All employers who employ more than 25 employees must meet the mandatory proportion in the amount of 4 % of its total staff. There are three possible ways how to meet this proportion. Employers may directly employ people with disabilities; they may acquire goods or services from those employers who employ more than 50 % of people with disabilities; or they may apply the payment to the state budget. All these options are considered equivalent and can be combined. The aim of this work is to evaluate the fulfillment of the mandatory proportion among the employers in the district of České Budejovice in the past 5 years (2010 - 2014).

This report presents an analysis of the early childhood development (ECD) programs and policies that affect young children in Mali and recommendations to move forward. This report is part of a series of reports prepared by the World Bank using the systems approach for better education results (SABER) - ECD framework and includes analysis of early learning, health, nutrition, and social and child protection policies, and interventions in Mali, along with regional and international comparisons.

Direct cash transfers for vulnerable elderly and disabled populations have been provided by the Ministry of Social Welfare (Kementerian Sosial, Kemensos) since 2006; a similar cash transfer for at-risk youth was inaugurated in 2009. The Government of Indonesia's (GoI) pro-poor development initiatives, international agreements and domestic laws and regulations, and considerable experience delivering more general social assistance programs led to the creation of cash transfers for these historically neglected and difficult-to-reach groups. These programs Jaminan Sosial Lanjut Usia (JSLU), Jaminan Sosial Paca Berat (JSPACA), and program Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak (PKSA) for the elderly, disabled, and youth respectively transfer cash directly to beneficiaries. They account for increasing shares of the Kemensos overall budget, but subsidies directed to care and rehabilitation facilities as well as direct provision of institutional care still account for a noticeable portion of the Kemensos budget for these groups. Program support operations socialization and outreach; allocation, targeting and prioritization; monitoring and evaluation; and complaints and grievances have very small budgets and depend crucially on cooperation and enthusiasm from local governments and facilitators. A full range of safeguarding activities is spelled out in program guidelines but these have not been institutionalized at the local implementation level. There is variation in the content, methods, frequency, completion rates, and outcomes in all safeguarding activities, and no easy-to-use reporting process that would ensure information from implementation level reaches the central funding and policy agency, Kemensos. The note summarizes quantitative and qualitative evidence in order to build a sound foundation for evaluating the cash transfer programs JSLU, JSPACA, and PKSA provided by Kemensos. The evidence on which the evaluation is based here is composed primarily of first-hand observation of the programs in operation. Where possible information collected from administrative records, including monitoring and evaluation reports, and from Kemensos itself, is summarized. Design features, efficiency and effectiveness of program implementation and operation, and impacts (intended or not) the program produces for beneficiaries are all analyzed in as much detail as possible. Current policy planning within Kemensos assumes expansion of these programs in the coming years, so an evaluation of the programs' features is relevant for Indonesian policymakers and stakeholders.

The EU regards the issue of persons with disabilities as a human rights issue. It also follows from this that the alleviation of the disadvantages deriving from disabilities is a legal issue the handling of which cannot be exclusively left to the discretion of the Member States. The domestic regulations of the Member States pertaining to persons with disabilities must also comply with the requirements of international and supranational regulation. The disability law should be interpreted in the framework of a multi-pillar system. The study examines the rules of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU pertaining to the disability and analyses the effect of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In this context the following aspects are particularly important: the making the Charter the part of primary EU legislation, EU accession to the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the fundamental pillars of EU regulations concerning persons with disabilities., Pitanje prava osoba s invaliditetom EU smatra pitanjima ljudskih prava. Ublažavanje nedostataka koji proizlaze iz invaliditeta je pravno pitanje i ono ne može biti isključivo prepušteno slobodi odlučivanja država članica. Nacionalni propisi država članica koji se odnose na osobe s invaliditetom moraju biti u skladu sa zahtjevima međunarodnih i nadnacionalnih propisa. Zakon o invalidnosti bi se trebao tumačiti u okviru sustava višestrukih stupova. Rad istražuje odredbe Povelje o temeljnim pravima Europske unije koje se odnose na invalidnost i analizira učinke (značenje,sadržaj) Konvencije o pravima osoba s invaliditetom. U tom kontekstu su posebno važni sljedeći aspekti: nastojanje da Povelja postane dijelom primarnog zakonodavstva EU, pristupanje EU Zaštiti ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda, temeljni stupovi EU uredbi koje se odnose na osobe s invaliditetom., Die Europäische Union betrachtet die Frage der behinderten Personen als die Menschenrechtsfrage. Darausfolgt,dassdieLinderungderausdenBehinderungenhervorgehenden Nachteile eine Rechtsfrage darstellt, die nicht ausschließlich dem Zuständigkeitsbereich der Mitgliedstaaten überlassen werden kann. Die einheimischen Regelungen in den Mitgliedstaaten bezüglich der behinderten Personen müssen auch mit den Voraussetzungen der internationalen und supranationelen Regelungen in Einklang stehen. Das Gesetz über die Rechte von Menschen mit Behinderungen sollte im Rahmen eines Mehrsäulensystems ausgelegt werden. Diese Arbeit erforscht die Bestimmungen der Europäischen Konvention zum Schutz der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten, die sich auf die Behinderten beziehen und analysiert die Einwirkung der Konvention auf die Rechte der Menschen mit Behinderungen. In diesem Zusammenhang sind folgende Aspekte besonders wichtig: die Menschenrechtskonvention als Teil der primären EUGesetzgebung, der Ansatz der EU zum Schutz der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten sowie die grundlegenden Säulen der EU-Regulative in Bezug auf die behinderten Personen.

If the swiftness of negotiation and adoption of the CRPD has turned out to be a success story, the implementation of the Convention is of course the only indicator for measuring true progress in achieving its objectives. Making human rights a reality is turning commitment into action. Disability policies and measures, however, will remain in vain if State structures are not adapted to their transversal development and implementation. Creating a structural framework as a bearer and driver for the rights of persons with disabilities is subsequently a prerequisite to enable the objectives of the CRPD to trickle down into one's everyday life. This document therefore focuses on the structural dimensions of the implementation of the CRPD captured in its Article 33. Implementation of human rights treaties remain a major challenge and require continuous reflection and adaptation. In this regard, the CRPD poses new challenges and offers new opportunities. This document is divided into four parts. The first part examines how the CRPD succeeded in transcending the legalistic barriers of a human rights treaty. After discussing the personification of human rights, it deals with both the conceptual and structural paradigm shifts introduced by the Convention. The second part analyses the national structures provided for in Article 33 of the Convention. It first discusses the role of the focal points and coordination mechanism. It then turns to the independent mechanisms to promote, protect and monitor the implementation of the Convention. After a discussion on the Paris Principles and on NHRIs, it examines the functions of the independent mechanisms and framework. The third part deals with civil society. It discusses both the rationale of its participation and its multi-level involvement. The fourth part examines transversal issues relating to the implementation of the CRPD. It focuses on the interaction between focal points and independent mechanisms as well as the challenges with regard to the ratification of the Convention by the European Union (EU).

Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs The purpose of this review is to canvas policies and, to the extent possible, practices of major multilateral and bilateral development agencies, aimed at including disability in development. Development that includes disability, as referenced in this review, is understood as development in which persons with disabilities participate as both actors and beneficiaries. It can be achieved by disability specific initiatives, by adding disability-specific components to development programs, by fully inclusive programming, designed to include disability concerns into all development processes, or by a combination of these approaches. While this review does not claim to be exhaustive, it does attempt to provide as comprehensive as possible an overview of policies and practices on disability and development (D&D), both within and among the United Nations (UN) system, and among major bilateral development agencies. It should be noted that this is a dynamic issue and thus many development agencies are either in the process of crafting new disability policies or strategies or are currently reviewing their existing approaches with a view to modifying or amending them. Section two of this report reviews the international legal and policy framework pertinent to the consideration of D&D with particular attention to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Section three reviews multilateral agencies and structures, particularly those within the UN system, and reviews their existing policies and/or practices related to D&D. Section four includes coverage of regional structures supporting the inclusion of disability in development. Section five identifies bilateral development agencies that, either as matter of written policy or as evidenced through practice, have taken steps to design and implement programs and practices that are inclusive of disability. Section six provides conclusions.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3076-6878 Tekst jest esejem o spotkaniu osób z ASD z propozycją edukacji religijnej. Zawiera świadectwa osób niekomunikujących werbalnie o ich prawach do wypowiedzi i propozycję towarzyszenia im na drodze chrześcijańskiego wtajemniczenia (np. tablica do spowiedzi ułożona z PCS). Tekst został wygłoszony podczas II Kongresu Osób Niepełnosprawnych w Legnicy w 2009 roku. The text is an essay about an encounter between people with ASD and a proposal for religious education. It includes testimonies of non-verbally communicative people about their speech rights and a proposal to accompany them on the path of Christian initiation (e.g. a confession board arranged with PCS). The text was delivered during the 2nd Congress of Persons with Disabilities in Legnica in 2009. Państwowy Fundusz Rehabilitacji Osób Niepełnosprawnych i Caritas Diecezji Legnickiej