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Alujamyia octopuncta Norrbom, n. sp. from Costa Rica and Molynocoelia car­me­nae Norrbom, n. sp. from Amazonian Ecuador (Orellana) and Peru (Cusco), are described and illustrated. New distribution records are reported for Alujamyia bella Norrbom (Costa Rica) and Molynocoelia erwini Norrbom (Peru: Madre de Dios), M. lutea Giglio-Tos (Colombia: Antioquia, Caldas, and Cundinamarca), and M. plumosa Norrbom (Peru: Loreto). A revised key to species of Alujamyia and an addendum to the key to species of Molynocoelia are provided., Nuevas especies Alujamyia octopuncta Norrbom de Costa Rica y Moly­no­coelia carmenae Norrbom de la Amazonia de Ecuador (Orellana) y Perú (Cus­co), son des­critas e ilustradas. Nuevos registros de distribución son reportados para Alujamyia bella Norrbom (Costa Rica) y Molynocoelia erwini Norrbom (Perú: Madre de Dios), M. lutea Giglio-Tos (Colombia: Antioquia, Caldas y Cun­di­namarca) y M. plumosa Norrbom (Perú: Loreto). Se proporciona una clave re­vi­sada para las especies de Alujamyia y una adición a la clave para las especies de Mo­lynocoelia., {"references":["Cumming, J.M. & Wood, D.M. 2017. Adult morphology and terminology. In: Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. & Sinclair, B.J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. 1. Introductory chapters and keys to Diptera families. Suricata 4: 89‒133.","Giglio-Tos, E. 1893. Diagnosi di nuovi generi e di nuove specie di Ditteri. IX. Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata dell' Universita di Torino 8 (158): 1–14. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42761#page/209","Norrbom, A.L. 2006. A revision of the Neotropical genera Molynocoelia Giglio-Tos, Pseudophorellia Lima, and Alujamyia, n. gen. (Diptera: Tephritidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 35–36: 35–134. https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/43883/PDF","Norrbom, A.L. 2011. A new species of Molynocoelia Giglio-Tos (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Ecuador. Procee­dings of the Entomological Society of Washington 113: 492–496. https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.113.4.492","White, I.M., Headrick, D.H., Norrbom, A L. & Carroll, L.E. 1999. Glossary. In: Aluja, M. & Norrbom, A.L. (Eds.), Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 881–924."]}

Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Rodriguez, Erick J., Norrbom, Allen L., Arévalo, Emilio (2016): A new species and new records of Cryptodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia, Bolivia and Peru. Zootaxa 4111 (3): 276-290, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4111.3.5

Cryptodacus obliquus Hendel Figs. 13, 18, 26, 36, 37 Additional description. Male abdomen: Mostly brown. Tergites 3���5 medially, and sometimes syntergite 1 + 2 posteromedially, with aligned narrow yellow spots or more complete marks forming vitta, marks sometimes minute or rarely absent on tergites 3���4; posterior margin of syntergite 1 + 2 and tergites 3���4 sometimes with posterior margin also narrowly yellow on medial 1 / 3 ��� 2 / 3. Tergite 5 also with at least posterior margin yellow, narrowing laterally, or more extensively yellow (at least anterior and lateral margins brown). Female abdomen (Fig. 26): Mostly brown. Tergites 3���5 medially with aligned narrow yellow spots or more complete marks forming vitta, marks sometimes minute or rarely absent on tergites 3���4. Tergite 6 mostly orange except laterally. Female terminalia (measurements, n= 2): oviscape orange (Fig. 26) stout, 1.52 mm long. Aculeus (Fig. 36) 1.14���1.26 mm long, 0.19���0.20 mm wide, tip (Fig. 37) 0.28���0.29 mm long, 0.12���0.14 mm wide, with 2 pairs of small steps or lobes at distal 0.65���0.68 and subapically. 3 spermathecae subspherical, with short base. Specimens examined. BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Andr��s Iba��ez, Potrerillo del Guenda, clearing, 17.67074 ��S 63.45763 ��W, 401 m., Malaise trap, 9���17 Oct 2014, B. D. Sutton, A. L. Norrbom & E. Quisberth, 1 ♂ (FSCA); same, entrance road, 17.67172 ��S 63.45489 ��W, 413 m, trap ML-PG-03, 9���17 Oct 2014, 1♂ (FSCA); same, entrance road, 17.67211 ��S 63.45415 ��W, 412 m, trap ML-PG-04, 1 ♂ (USNM USNMENT 00875960); same, entrance road, across river, 17.67601 ��S 63.44715 ��W, 378 m, trap ML-PG-36, 1♂ 1 ♀ (USNM USNMENT 00875966- 67); same, entrance road, across river, 17.67506 ��S 63.44813 ��W, 374 m, trap ML-PG-38, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT 00875963); same, entrance road, across river, trail near 2 nd gate, 17.67689 ��S 63.44706 ��W, 382 m, trap ML-PG-33, 1♂ (FSCA); same, entrance road, across river, trail near 2 nd gate, 17.67657 ��S 63.44683 ��W, 383 m, trap ML-PG-34, 2♂ (FSCA), 2 ♂ (USNM USNMENT 00875961- 62); same, entrance road, across river, trail near 2 nd gate, 17.67635 ��S 63.44664 ��W, 385 m, trap ML-PG-35, 1♀ (FSCA); same, N trail, 17.66466 ��S 63.45963 ��W, 413 m, trap ML-PG-24, 1♂ (FSCA); same, N trail, 17.66312 ��S 63.45842 ��W, 410 m, trap ML-PG-26, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT 00875964); same, road to El Hondo, 17.67798 ��S 63.44761 ��W, 382 m, trap ML-PG-28, 2♂ (USNM USNMENT 00875958- 59); same, road to El Hondo, 17.67684 ��S 63.44624 ��W, 395 m, trap ML-PG-31, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT 00875968); same, road to El Hondo, 17.67684 ��S 63.44624 ��W, 395 m, trap ML-PG-31, 1♂ (SENASAG), 1 ♀ (USNM USNMENT 00875969); same, trail to old river bed, 17.6675 ��S 63.4561 ��W, 390 m, trap ML-PG-14, 1♂ (FSCA); same, trail to old river bed, 17.66809 ��S 63.45638 ��W, 401 m, trap ML-PG-15, 2♂ (FSCA). PERU: Cusco: Echarate region, Mar - Dec 2011, T. Guevara, 1 ♀ (FSCA) 1 ♀ (SENASA) 1 ♀ (USNM USNMENT 00875965). Comments. Previous records and description of this species were based only on males. The female abdomen and terminalia are described above. The aculeus tip has two pairs of small lobes or notches, differing from other species of the genus, in which the margin is serrate. The serrate tip is another synapomorphy for those species, further supporting the hypothesis that C. obliquus is the sister group of the remaining species of Cryptodacus (Norrbom 1994). The number of spermathecae in C. obliquus (3), also differs from the other species of Cryptodacus for which this character has been studied. This number also varies between the two species groups of the related genus Rhagoletotrypeta (Norrbom 1994)., Published as part of Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Rodriguez, Erick J., Norrbom, Allen L. & Ar��valo, Emilio, 2016, A new species and new records of Cryptodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia, Bolivia and Peru, pp. 276-290 in Zootaxa 4111 (3) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4111.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/264878, {"references":["Norrbom, A. L. (1994) New species and phylogenetic analysis of Cryptodacus, Haywardina, and Rhagoletotrypeta (Diptera: Tephritidae). Insecta Mundi, 8, 37 - 65."]}

Cryptodacus trinotatus Norrbom & Korytkowski Figs. 4, 11, 12, 17, 21, 27, 32���34 Specimens examined. COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: La Mesa, entrada al sitio los Pinos [4 �� 63 ��� 87 ���N 74 �� 46 ��� 71 ���W], 1125 m, McPhail trap 24, 14 Jul 2015, L. Guerrero, 3 ♀ (ICAMF 00000046). Norte de Santander: Pamplonita, vereda San Rafael predio El Recuerdo [7,4443 N ��� 72,6332 W], 1658 m, McPhail trap 16, 29 abr 2014. 1 ♀ (ICAMF 00000100). Comments. This species has been reported previously only from Panam�� (Norrbom & Korytkowski 2008). The examined specimens are the first record from Colombia and South America. Key. The following modifications to the key of Norrbom & Korytkowski (2008) are provided to include C. bernardoi: 2. Female abdominal tergites 5 and 6 with sublateral white areas bordering medial brown vitta or vittae. Crossvein dm-m entirely covered by discal band or, if covered by subapical band (C. lopezi), face yellow, with single ventromedial brown spot. Mexico, Central America...................................................................................... 3 - Female abdominal tergites 5 and 6 without sublateral white areas. Crossvein dm-m at most with posterior half covered by discal band. Face entirely yellow or with more than one brown marking. Costa Rica, South America..................... 4 A 4 A. Face yellow with brown markings (Fig. 10���12). Syntergite 1 + 2 mostly to entirely dark brown (Figs. 24, 26, 27), at most with apical white band. Vein R 4 + 5 not sinuous and crossvein dm-m nearly straight or slightly curved (Figs. 20, 21)............. 5 - Face entirely yellow, without brown markings (Figs. 5, 6, 8). Syntergite 1 + 2 entirely yellow (Figs. 22, 23). Apical section of vein R 4 + 5 and crossvein dm-m both sinuous (Fig. 19)....................... C. bernardoi Rodriguez & Rodriguez, n. sp., Published as part of Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Rodriguez, Erick J., Norrbom, Allen L. & Ar��valo, Emilio, 2016, A new species and new records of Cryptodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia, Bolivia and Peru, pp. 276-290 in Zootaxa 4111 (3) on pages 283-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4111.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/264878, {"references":["Norrbom, A. L. & Korytkowski, C. A. (2008) New Cryptodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Panama, with a key to the known species. Zootaxa, 1773, 31 - 43."]}

Cryptodacus bernardoi Rodriguez & Rodriguez, new species Figs. 1, 2, 5 ���8, 14, 15, 19, 22, 23, 28 ���31, 38��� 42 Diagnosis. Modified couplets to the latter are provided to include C. bernardoi. It differs from all other species of Cryptodacus in the strongly sinuous shapes of the apical section of vein R 4 + 5 and crossvein dm-m. It differs from all other species except C. obliquus Hendel in lacking brown markings on the face; from all other species except C. trinotatus by the form of the sublateral postsutural vitta on the scutum, which is almost complete, but interrupted anterior to the intra-alar seta; and from other species except C. tau (Foote) by the entirely yellow abdominal syntergite 1 + 2 (Figs. 22, 23). Other useful diagnostic characters include: gena (Figs. 5, 6,) entirely yellow; posterior side of head yellow except lateral occipital sclerite with elongate brown spot; scutellum with base brown, brown area extended to basal scutellar seta; wing (Fig. 19) cell dm with basal and apical hyaline areas, discal band covering posterior part of crossvein dm-m, middle of dm-m without brown border; abdominal tergites 3���4 with broad brown bands, that on tergite 5 sometimes narrowly divided into 3 parts; oviscape yellow (Figs. 1, 20); aculeus tip with large serrations (Figs. 28���30). Description. Length 4.8 ���5.0 mm. Mesonotum length 1.5���1.7 mm. Wing length 3.2���3.5 mm, width 1.3���1.5 mm, length/width ratio: 2.3. Measurements made on holotype female and one paratype male. Head (Figs. 5���8): Mostly pale yellow. Ocellar tubercle brown. Orbital plate with irregular brown stripe. Frons with pair of large dark brown spots aligned with and including base of middle frontal seta. 3 frontal setae; 2 orbital setae, well separated, distance between them 2.3���2.6 times distance from anterior seta to eye margin. Ocellar setae weak, 1.5 ���2.0 times length of ocellar tubercle. Lunule entirely dark brown. Face entirely pale yellow, without brown spots; ventral margin strongly arched; gena and postgena entirely pale yellow. Posterior side of head entirely pale yellow except lateral occipital sclerite with elongate brown spot. Clypeus, prementum and palpus entirely yellow. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow, first flagellomere dark yellow except moderate brown on apex, elongate, 4.5 ���5.0 times as long as wide, apex flattened, in lateral view rounded. Arista short pubescent on distal half. Thorax (Figs. 14, 15): Mostly dark brown to black, with following whitish markings: postpronotal lobe and presutural lateral margin of scutum, connected to band on transverse suture; band on transverse suture (interrupted medially), extended across posterior part of notopleuron and posterior margin of anepisternum, almost reaching katepisternum; elongate spot on dorsal margin of katepisternum, not extending to katepisternal seta; single medial and paired sublateral postsutural vittae on scutum, medial vitta short, extended anteriorly almost to level of transverse suture, and posteriorly to midway between levels of acrostichal and dorsocentral setae, lateral vitta connected to band on transverse suture, extending almost to level of postalar seta but not reaching intra-alar seta; rectangular area posterior and lateral to intra-alar seta; and scutellum except base, brown part extending to and including base of basal scutellar seta. Scutum entirely microtrichose. Chaetotaxy normal for genus, postpronotal, 2 notopleural, 1 anepisternal, anepimeral, katepisternal, postsutural supra-alar, intra-alar, postalar, dorsocentral, acrostichal, and 2 scutellar setae well developed. Presutural supra-alar seta relatively small, half to two-thirds size of postsutural supra-alar seta. Dorsocentral seta aligned one-half to two-thirds distance from postsutural supra-alar seta to postalar seta. Legs mostly pale yellow, mid and hind coxae with small lateral brown areas, fore and mid tibiae pale brown, hind tibia dark brown, all tarsi pale brown. Wing (Fig. 19): With 4 bands: subbasal band, entirely brown, extended from cells bc and c to midlength of vein CuA+CuP, covering base of cell br, all of cells bm and bcu, and base of cell m 4 (except bordering fold); discal band, connected to subbasal band in cell c, curved posteriorly and extended to posterior wing margin distally in cell m 4, covering cell r 1 posterior to pterostigma, base of cell r 2 + 3, apex of cell br, crossvein r-m and posterior half of crossvein dm-m, dark brown anteriorly, from cell r 1 to middle of cell dm orange medially with broad, dark brown margins, posterior quarter paler brown; narrow, brown subapical band from distal part of cell r 1 to anterior end of crossvein dm-m, faint in cells r 1 and r 2 + 3; and narrow faint brown anterior apical band from distal part of cell r 2 + 3 to apex of vein M 1. Vein M 4 very narrowly bordered by brown between subbasal and discal bands. Cell dm with anterior apical corner hyaline. Crossvein r-m at 0.71 distance from bm-m to dm-m, entirely covered by dark brown distal margin of discal band. Crossvein dm-m and apical section of vein R 4 + 5 sinuous. Abdomen (female, Figs. 1, 22, male, Figs. 2, 23): Predominantly yellow, including all of syntergite 1 + 2. Tergite 3 with broad dark brown band. Tergite 4 and female tergite 5 with broad dark brown band or series of narrowly separated rectangular marks. Male tergite 5 laterally with paired ovoid brown marks, longer than wide, and medially with much smaller, inverted U-shaped brown mark or pair of brown spots. Female tergite 6 laterally with paired rectangular brown mark, medially usually with two small brown spots. Tergites with sparse black setulae. Female terminalia (Figs. 22, 28��� 31): oviscape pale yellow, 0.89���0.92 mm long (n= 2). Aculeus (Fig. 28) 0.60 mm long, tip (Figs. 29, 30) 0.10 mm long, with apical 0.04 mm triangular and serrate, 0.05 mm wide, with 6���9 teeth on each side. Two spermathecae (Fig. 31) subcylindrical, with helical surface texture and elongate base. Male terminalia (Figs. 38���42): epandrium in lateral view wider than long, dorsally dark brown with black setulae, ventrally pale brown. Lateral surstylus in lateral view 3.5 times longer than wide, with glabrous, slightly curved elongated acute apex and distinct anteromedial lobe. Medial surstylus elongate two-thirds as long as lateral surstylus. Proctiger ovoid, entirely membranous, with sparse minute brown setulae. Distiphallus (Figs. 39, 41) moderately long and slender in ventral and lateral views, apex of internal tube bilobed. Type data. Holotype ♀ (IAvH), COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Anolaima, Vereda Santo Domingo, finca Villa Mariana [4.80171 ��N 74.47542 ��W], 1532 m, multilure trap, 3 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, A. L. Norrbom. Paratypes: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Anolaima, Vereda Santo Domingo, finca Villa Mariana, 1532 m, multilure trap, 3 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, A. L. Norrbom, 1 ♂ (USNM); same locality, multilure trap, 21 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, 2 ♀ (ICAMF 00000044); same, multilure trap, 28 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, 2 ♀ (FSCA); same locality, reared from fruits of Phoradendron sp. near piperoides (Kunth) Trel., collected 13 Sep 2015, emerged 1 Oct 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ (USNM). Guaduas, Vereda el Raisal, predio el Caj��n km 39 v��a Bogot��-Guaduas [5 ��07���09���N 74 �� 57 ���02���W], 1421 m, McPhail trap 18, 22 Aug 2014, E. Quiroga, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ICAMF 00000045). Distribution. Cryptodacus bernardoi is known only from Colombia in Cundinamarca department in the municipios of Anolaima and Guaduas at middle altitudes on the west side of the eastern cordillera. Host plant. Three of the paratypes were reared from tiny fruits of Phoradendron sp. near piperoides (Kunth) Trel. (Figs. 43, 44), which was found parasitizing the upper part of a Psidium guajava L. shrub. This host plant is locally known by the common names ���mu��rdago���, ���matapalo���, ���injerto��� and ���pajarito���. Phoradendron is variously classified in the Santalaceae or Viscaceae. The only previous host data for Cryptodacus was the single record of C. silvai Lima from fruit of ���herva de passarinho��� (Loranthus sp.) from southern Brazil (Lima 1947). The Loranthaceae, Santalaceae (and Viscaceae, when recognized as distinct from Santalaceae) belong to the order Santalales, many of which are parasitic plants. Etymology. This species is named for Jos�� Bernardo Rodr��guez, father of the senior author. Comments. This species runs with difficulty in the keys of Norrbom (1994) and Norrbom & Korytkowski (2008). C. bernardoi may be most closely related to C. lopezi Norrbom, which has a similar aculeus, or it may belong to a clade along with that species and C. tau and trinotatus. The abdominal pattern is intermediate between those species, which have a distinct medial brown vitta or pair of vittae bordered by white or yellow sublateral areas on at least tergite 5 and female tergite 6, and the predominantly brown pattern in other species. In C. bernardoi the bands on tergites 4���5 in the male and 5���6 in the female may be interrupted. These four species also have the head mostly or entirely yellow posteriorly. The males were described only for C. bernardoi, C. obliquus, C. parkeri and C. tau., Published as part of Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Rodriguez, Erick J., Norrbom, Allen L. & Ar��valo, Emilio, 2016, A new species and new records of Cryptodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia, Bolivia and Peru, pp. 276-290 in Zootaxa 4111 (3) on pages 277-279, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4111.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/264878, {"references":["Lima, A. M. da C. (1947) Uma nova mosca de fruta do genero Cryptodacus. Anais de Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 19, 153 - 157.","Norrbom, A. L. (1994) New species and phylogenetic analysis of Cryptodacus, Haywardina, and Rhagoletotrypeta (Diptera: Tephritidae). Insecta Mundi, 8, 37 - 65.","Norrbom, A. L. & Korytkowski, C. A. (2008) New Cryptodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Panama, with a key to the known species. Zootaxa, 1773, 31 - 43."]}

Microstructure imaging with diffusion MRI (dMRI) is usually based on fitting models to the data using voxelwise nonlinear procedures that (i) are time consuming and (ii) need long acquisitions. Recently, we introduced the AMICO framework to accelerate the fit; here, we propose an extension to enable faster acquisitions, too. Our formulation allows exploiting information from neighboring voxels that is not accessible with existing approaches.

State-of-the-art microstructure imaging methods usually fit biophysical models to the diffusion MRI data on a voxel-by-voxel basis using non-linear procedures that require both long acquisitions and processing time. We recently introduced AMICO, a framework to reformulate these techniques as efficient linear problems and enable faster reconstructions. Here, we propose an extension that enables robust reconstructions from a reduced number of diffusion measurements, thus leading to faster acquisitions, too. Our novel formulation estimates simultaneously the microstructure configuration in all voxels as a global optimization problem, exploiting information from neighboring voxels that cannot be taken into account with existing techniques.

A common limitation of neuroimaging studies is their small sample sizes. To overcome this hurdle, the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium combines neuroimaging data from many institutions worldwide. However, this introduces heterogeneity due to different scanning devices and sequences. ENIGMA projects commonly address this heterogeneity with random-effects meta-analysis or mixed-effects mega -analysis. Here we tested whether the batch adjustment method, ComBat, can further reduce site-related het-erogeneity and thus increase statistical power. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses, mixed-effects mega -analyses and ComBat mega-analyses to compare cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes between 2897 individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 3141 healthy controls from 33 sites. Specifically, we compared the imaging data between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls, covarying for age and sex. The use of ComBat substantially increased the statistical significance of the findings as compared to random - effects meta-analyses. The findings were more similar when comparing ComBat with mixed-effects mega-analysis, although ComBat still slightly increased the statistical significance. ComBat also showed increased statistical power when we repeated the analyses with fewer sites. Results were nearly identical when we applied the ComBat harmonization separately for cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volumes. Therefore, we recommend applying the ComBat function to attenuate potential effects of site in ENIGMA projects and other multi-site structural imaging work. We provide easy-to-use functions in R that work even if imaging data are partially missing in some brain regions, and they can be trained with one data set and then applied to another (a requirement for some analyses such as machine learning).