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Acid Rain attacked South West Sweden 1960–1990, making well water acid, causing Cu dissolution from pipes, disturbing intestines. In a scientific study Ca was 6 times higher in alkaline well waters and hair. Women drinking acid water were unhealthy. Case studies: 1 (woman): Scleroderma had caused shortened finger tips, and loss of hair. Urinary pH was 5. Hair analysis showed severe mineral imbalances. After 1.5 years of treatment with supplements and increasing urinary pH with NaHCO3, symptoms disappeared. 2 (woman): Fibromyalgia, cataract, constipation and basal carcinoma was treated by increasing urinary pH with limestone, and supplements. 3 (man). Fe in drinking water, 3.4 mg/L, had caused intestinal disturbances and subsequent symptoms. Fe was elevated in hair. Aloe vera juice, lactic bacteria and digestive enzymes healed his intestines. Mg, antagonist to Fe, decreased severity of Fe overload. Drinking water guideline of 0.2 mg Fe/L is suggested.

Acid rain leads to loss of essential elements from soils and bedrock, causing an imbalance in especially dug well waters, as essential element concentrations decrease and potentially toxic element concentrations increase. In this study 72 private dug wells from acid regions (pH 7.0) in South-western Sweden. Women, drinking the water for at least 5 years, were interviewed about their health and water and hair samples were collected. The concentrations of about 40 elements in water and hair were analysed, mostly by ICP-MS. The concentrations of essential elements such as Ca, Cr, Mo, Se, K, and SO4 as well as the body’s buffering agent HCO3 were significantly lower in acid than in alkaline water. The median Ca concentration was 6 times lower in acid waters, and also in hair compared to alkaline. Median HCO3 was 14 times lower in acid waters. Mg was similar in both populations, since the Swedish bedrock in general has low Mg content, even so limestone in the alkaline area. The concentrations of especially Ca, Cr, HCO3 and SO4, peaked at pH 7.0 - 8.0, due to precipitation of carbonates and sulphates in alkaline soils and leaching from acid soils. The levels of toxic metals such as Cd and Pb were significantly higher in acid well water. High Cu concentration from pipes, causing especially diarrhoea, is a serious acidification problem. The contribution of essential elements to the daily intake from these well waters, 2 Litres consumption per day, was from 0% to above 30% for some elements, clearly showing that 10%, which is generally predicted, can be exceeded for people with private well waters, as well as provide 0%, which is the case for many acid well waters. Water elements were mirrored in hair, e.g. Ca and Mo. The loss of essential minerals, and increased concentration of toxic elements in acid well water, caused mineral imbalances in the body, as mirrored in hair. Women living in the acid area reported more negative health changes than women in the alkaline district, during the time they had been drinking their well water. The number of reported heart, intestinal, muscle, and skin problems were between 2 and 9 times higher among women drinking acid than alkaline well water.

Bakgrund: Opioidberoende hos personer är ett folkhälsoproblem och konsumtionen av opioider ökar konstant. Beroendet kan utvecklas efter en regelbunden användning av opioider och kännetecknas av exempelvis kognitiva samt fysiologiska tecken. En persons beroende kan utvecklas trots att konsumtionen inte överstigit den ordinerade mängd opioider, oftast utvecklas ett beroende ovetandes hos personen som använder opioider. Personer med ett beroende upplever stöd av de sjuksköterskor som lyssnar och visar medkänsla. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa hur personer som använder opioider och de personer som har utvecklat ett beroende av opioider upplever mötet med vården. Metod: Studien är en litteraturstudie. Sökningar genomfördes i två databaser och genererade nio resultatartiklar. Resultat: Tre kategorier skapades: Upplevelser av oro; Det upplevda bemötandet; Önskan på ett gott vårdmöte. Konklusion: Upplevelsen som framkallades vid en behandling av opioider var karakteriserad av risken att drabbas av ett beroende. Upplevelsen för hur livet skulle påverkas av att använda opioider och hur vårdens stigmatisering ledde till misstro av personer som använde opioider. Upplevelsen av ett fördomsfritt bemötande kunde avgöra huruvida en person valde att fortsätta få vård. Opioid addiction is a public health problem and the consumption of opioids is constantly increasing. An addiction can develop after using opioids regularly and can be recognized by cognitive and physiological characteristics. A person's dependence can develop unknowingly despite following the opioid prescription. People with an addiction experience support from the nurses who listen to them and show compassion. Aim: The aim of this literature study was to highlight how people who use opioids and people with an opioid addiction experience the encounter with healthcare. Method: This study is a literature study. The searches were made using two databases and the searches generated nine result articles. Result: Three categories were formed: Experiences of worry; The experiences of the encounter; Desires of a good healthcare encounter. Conclusion: People’s experiences of getting treatment with opioids was characterised with concerns of becoming addicted. The effect opioid treatment had on people's lives and the stigmatization of opioid use with healthcare professionals led to distrust. People who received care from healthcare professionals who had an open mind and were non-judgmental were more likely to finish their care.

BioMAX is the first macromolecular crystallography beamline at the first fourth-generation storage ring, the 3 GeV storage ring at MAX IV Laboratory. It is a highly automated, user-friendly, microfocus beamline that provides excellent performance for most macromolecular crystallography applications., BioMAX is the first macromolecular crystallography beamline at the MAX IV Laboratory 3 GeV storage ring, which is the first operational multi-bend achromat storage ring. Due to the low-emittance storage ring, BioMAX has a parallel, high-intensity X-ray beam, even when focused down to 20 µm × 5 µm using the bendable focusing mirrors. The beam is tunable in the energy range 5–25 keV using the in-vacuum undulator and the horizontally deflecting double-crystal monochromator. BioMAX is equipped with an MD3 diffractometer, an ISARA high-capacity sample changer and an EIGER 16M hybrid pixel detector. Data collection at BioMAX is controlled using the newly developed MXCuBE3 graphical user interface, and sample tracking is handled by ISPyB. The computing infrastructure includes data storage and processing both at MAX IV and the Lund University supercomputing center LUNARC. With state-of-the-art instrumentation, a high degree of automation, a user-friendly control system interface and remote operation, BioMAX provides an excellent facility for most macromolecular crystallography experiments. Serial crystallography using either a high-viscosity extruder injector or the MD3 as a fixed-target scanner is already implemented. The serial crystallography activities at MAX IV Laboratory will be further developed at the microfocus beamline MicroMAX, when it comes into operation in 2022. MicroMAX will have a 1 µm × 1 µm beam focus and a flux up to 1015 photons s−1 with main applications in serial crystallography, room-temperature structure determinations and time-resolved experiments.

With an ageing population and limited resources in healthcare, many high-income countries such as Sweden see an increase in homecare and mobile work for healthcare professionals. In this case study, we explore how mHealth services can support the everyday work for healthcare professionals when delivering home care in rural areas in Sweden. The studied mHealth application had failed to be adopted among district nurses, despite a great expressed need for mobile tools. The results indicate that the mHealth solution did not live up the healthcare professionals' expectations in terms of providing the same functions as the regular electronic health record systems, and with poor integration into the existing eco-system of eHealth applications. In conclusion, in order for a mHealth application to be successfully implemented in a context where many digital services are already in use, it is not enough to support important activities in the current workflow. The mHealth application will need to be carefully integrated into the existing eco-system of healthcare applications to increase the chances of adoption.

Community Health Workers (CHW) perform important healthcare and health promotion in many low and middle income countries. They are increasingly supported in their work by the use of mHealth. This study aims to explore how mHealth services can support the everyday work for CHWs when delivering home care in rural areas in South Africa. A single case study was performed, mapping CHWs workflow and investigating where and when CHW can be supported by mHealth services. Despite the very positive feedback from the CHWs and the fact that the studied mHealth solutions appears to support the majority of the important activities in the CHWs work process, the application is no longer in use. Financial and strategic decisions are behind the discontinuation of the project, further stressing the importance of taking all socio-technical dimensions into account when evaluating success or failure of implementation projects.

With an ageing population and limited resources in healthcare, many high-income countries such as Sweden see an increase in homecare and mobile work for healthcare professionals. In this case study, we explore how mHealth services can support the everyday work for healthcare professionals when delivering home care in rural areas in Sweden. The studied mHealth application had failed to be adopted among district nurses, despite a great expressed need for mobile tools. The results indicate that the mHealth solution did not live up the healthcare professionals' expectations in terms of providing the same functions as the regular electronic health record systems, and with poor integration into the existing eco-system of eHealth applications. In conclusion, in order for a mHealth application to be successfully implemented in a context where many digital services are already in use, it is not enough to support important activities in the current workflow. The mHealth application will need to be carefully integrated into the existing eco-system of healthcare applications to increase the chances of adoption. MobEVAL

Community Health Workers (CHW) perform important healthcare and health promotion in many low and middle income countries. They are increasingly supported in their work by the use of mHealth. This study aims to explore how mHealth services can support the everyday work for CHWs when delivering home care in rural areas in South Africa. A single case study was performed, mapping CHWs workflow and investigating where and when CHW can be supported by mHealth services. Despite the very positive feedback from the CHWs and the fact that the studied mHealth solutions appears to support the majority of the important activities in the CHWs work process, the application is no longer in use. Financial and strategic decisions are behind the discontinuation of the project, further stressing the importance of taking all socio-technical dimensions into account when evaluating success or failure of implementation projects. MobEVAL

Background\ud\udProphylaxis for gastrointestinal stress ulceration is frequently given to patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), but its risks and benefits are unclear.\udMethods\ud\udIn this European, multicenter, parallel-group, blinded trial, we randomly assigned adults who had been admitted to the ICU for an acute condition (i.e., an unplanned admission) and who were at risk for gastrointestinal bleeding to receive 40 mg of intravenous pantoprazole (a proton-pump inhibitor) or placebo daily during the ICU stay. The primary outcome was death by 90 days after randomization.\udResults\ud\udA total of 3298 patients were enrolled; 1645 were randomly assigned to the pantoprazole group and 1653 to the placebo group. Data on the primary outcome were available for 3282 patients (99.5%). At 90 days, 510 patients (31.1%) in the pantoprazole group and 499 (30.4%) in the placebo group had died (relative risk, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91 to 1.13; P=0.76). During the ICU stay, at least one clinically important event (a composite of clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding, pneumonia, Clostridium difficile infection, or myocardial ischemia) had occurred in 21.9% of patients assigned to pantoprazole and 22.6% of those assigned to placebo (relative risk, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.11). In the pantoprazole group, 2.5% of patients had clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding, as compared with 4.2% in the placebo group. The number of patients with infections or serious adverse reactions and the percentage of days alive without life support within 90 days were similar in the two groups.\udConclusions\ud\udAmong adult patients in the ICU who were at risk for gastrointestinal bleeding, mortality at 90 days and the number of clinically important events were similar in those assigned to pantoprazole and those assigned to placebo. (Funded by Innovation Fund Denmark and others; SUP-ICU ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02467621. opens in new tab.)

The three mammalian HP1 proteins, HP1α/CBX5, HP1β/CBX1, and HPγ/CBX3, are involved in chromatin packing and gene regulation. The HP1α protein is down-regulated in invasive compared to non-invasive breast cancer cells and HP1α is a suppressor of cell migration and invasion. In this report, we examined the background for HP1α protein down-regulation in invasive breast cancer cells. We identified a strict correlation between HP1α down-regulation at the protein level and the mRNA level. The HP1α mRNA down-regulation in invasive cancer cells was not caused by mRNA destabilization. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of the HP1α gene showed a decrease in the histone mark for transcriptional activity H3-K36 tri-methylation and RNA polymerase II in invasive breast cancer cells which correlated with a decreased abundance of basal transcription factors at the HP1α promoter. E2F transcription factors regulate HP1α transcription and we identified that E2F5 depletion increased HP1α expression in invasive breast cancer cells. Finally, we have characterized two HP1α mRNA isoforms and both HP1α mRNA isoforms were down-regulated to a similar extend at the transcriptional level in invasive breast cancer cells. Collectively the presented results show that HP1α down-regulation in invasive breast cancer cells is primary a transcriptional effect and demonstrates a novel set of mechanisms involved in HP1α transcriptional regulation. The finding that HP1α is down-regulated primarily at the transcriptional level provides a new insight for the further elucidation of the detailed molecular mechanisms causing the HP1α down-regulation in invasive breast cancer cells.

A study in 1997, on mineral levels in acidic compared to alkaline well waters, and in women's hair, revealed higher concentrations of a number of mineral elements like Ca, Mo and Se in alkaline waters and hair. Thus, median Ca levels were six times higher in well water and five times higher in hair from the alkaline area compared to the acidic area. This finding raised the probability of similar differences in vegetables from these areas. Thus, in the year 2006, 60 women who had participated in the study in 1997 were asked to cultivate parsley, lettuce, carrot and chive. During the spring of 2006, the women from the water and hair study of 1997, 30 of them from the acidic area and 30 women from the alkaline district cultivated vegetables: carrot (Daucus carota L), parsley (Petroselinum crispum), chive (Allium schoenoprasum) and lettuce (Eruca sativa). The vegetables were harvested, and rinsed in tap water from the kitchens of the participating women in August. The concentrations of about 35 elements and ions were determined by ICP OES and ICP-MS predominantly. In addition, soil samples from the different cultivators were also analyzed for a number of elements. Lettuce and parsley showed the highest concentrations of mineral elements per gram dry weight. Only Mo concentrations were significantly higher in all the different vegetables from the alkaline district compared to vegetables from the acidic areas. On the other hand, the concentrations of Ba, Br, Mn, Rb and Zn were higher in all the different vegetables from the acidic area. In the soil, only pH and exchangeable Ca from the alkaline area were higher than from the acidic area, while exchangeable Fe, Mn and Na concentrations were higher in soils from the acidic area. Soil elements like Al, Fe, Li, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti, V, Zn and Zr were found in higher concentrations in lettuce and parsley, which were attributed to soil particles being splashed on the plants by the rain and absorbed by the leaves. Strong correlations appeared between Ca and Sr in all the vegetables, except for carrot. No strong correlations were found between soil elements and vegetable elements, except for soil Mn and carrot/lettuce Mn. The differences in mineral levels in both, vegetables and soils were however small, compared to differences in well waters and hair. It was also suggested that the garden soils on limestone bedrock had been drained of minerals and thereby, the soil had an acidic pH. The contribution of mineral elements to daily intake in humans was considered minor from the analysed vegetables, except for some samples of lettuce that should give significant contributions of Ca, Zn, Mn and Mo. The main conclusion is that, differences in water and hair mineral levels between the two areas in the earlier study (1997) were not mirrored in vegetables cultivated in 2006. Principally, this suggests that, for humans the mineral intake of some elements from water may be more important than from vegetables.

This study presents the concentrations of about 50 metals and ions in 33 different brands of bottled waters on the Swedish market. Ten of the brands showed calcium (Ca) concentrations/=10 mg L(-1) and magnesium (Mg) levels3 mg L(-1), implying very soft waters. Three of these waters had in addition low concentrations of sodium (Na;7 mg L(-1)), potassium (K;3 mg L(-1)) and bicarbonate (HCO(3)/=31 mg L(-1)). These brands were collected from barren districts. Nine of the brands were collected from limestone regions. They showed increased Ca-levels exceeding 50 mg L(-1) with a maximum of 289 mg L(-1). Corresponding Mg-levels were also raised in two brands exceeding 90 mg L(-1). Two soft and carbonated waters were supplemented with Na(2)CO(3) and NaCl, resulting in high concentrations of Na (644 and 648 mg L(-1)) and chloride (Cl; 204 and 219 mg L(-1)). Such waters may make a substantial contribution to the daily intake of NaCl in high water consumers. The storage of carbonated drinking water in aluminum (Al) cans increased the Al-concentration to about 70 microg L(-1). Conclusion As there was a large variation in the material as regards concentrations of macro-elements such as Ca, Mg, Na, K and Cl. Supplementation with salts, e.g., Na(2)CO(3), K(2) CO(3) and NaCl, can lead to increased concentrations of Na, K and Cl, as well as decreased ratios of Ca/Na and larger ratios of Na/K. Water with high concentrations of e.g., Ca and Mg, may make a substantial contribution to the daily intake of these elements in high water consumers. Al cans are less suited for storage of carbonated waters, as the lowered pH-values may dissolve Al. The levels of potentially toxic metals in the studied brands were generally low.

Microminerals are as necessary as macrominerals but in lower doses. Drinking water may be a substantial source. Low selenium and Mo is connected to heart diseases and cancer. Lithium decreases the incidence of violent crimes and suicide. Boron and chromium (Cr-III) from drinking water may be beneficial. Goiter is uncommon where iodine in drinking water is high. Fluoride is protective against dental caries, but too much causes bone deformations. On the other hand, even though copper and iron are nutrients, concentrations >0.2 mg/L may cause diarrhoea, and elevated manganese may negatively affect the nervous system. Safe health-bringing ranges of nutrient elements are suggested in the chapter.

A first comparison has been made between the pulse-shape discrimination characteristics of a novel $^{4}$He-based pressurized scintillation detector and a NE-213 liquid-scintillator reference detector using an Am/Be mixed-field neutron and gamma-ray source and a high-resolution scintillation-pulse digitizer. In particular, the capabilities of the two fast neutron detectors to discriminate between neutrons and gamma-rays were investigated. The NE-213 liquid-scintillator reference cell produced a wide range of scintillation-light yields in response to the gamma-ray field of the source. In stark contrast, due to the size and pressure of the $^{4}$He gas volume, the $^{4}$He-based detector registered a maximum scintillation-light yield of 750~keV$_{ee}$ to the same gamma-ray field. Pulse-shape discrimination for particles with scintillation-light yields of more than 750~keV$_{ee}$ was excellent in the case of the $^{4}$He-based detector. Above 750~keV$_{ee}$ its signal was unambiguously neutron, enabling particle identification based entirely upon the amount of scintillation light produced., 23 pages, 7 figures, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A review addressed