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How can we support young citizens facing chaotic climate futures? This question is urgent, particularly for Indigenous communities who face disproportionate risks and impacts of climate change. For the past three decades, climate‐related education has focused largely on the acquisition of scientific knowledge in instrumental ways, while encouraging individual behaviour change. This approach centres the problem rather than human capabilities to generate solutions, which is especially misaligned with the increasing practice and significance of Indigenous communities’ regenerating self‐determining capabilities. This article reports on a pilot study that uses intergenerational storytelling methods or pūrākau to support leadership capabilities among Indigenous Māori and Pacific young people aged 10 to 14 years in communities at high risk of flooding in Ōtautahi/Christchurch, Aotearoa/New Zealand. The study showed how storytelling locates and scaffolds Indigenous young people into positions of individual and collective responsibility for grappling with “wicked problems” such as climate and injustice and climate‐related challenges as part of the future they will inherit and shape. within a broader intergenerational journey of resilience and reclamation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. In March 2023, the European Food Safety Authority published a Scientific Opinion on Calf Welfare. This opinion was prepared in response to a request from the European Commission to provide an independent view on the welfare of calves that reflected the most recent scientific knowledge. Data sources used to develop their recommendations included peer-reviewed studies, expert knowledge, and gray literature. The opinion considered specific scenarios and welfare consequences of specific management practices, including feeding fiber to calves raised for white veal and amount of cow-calf contact. The opinion suggested that calves should be fed specific quantities of forage NDF during the rearing cycle. Regarding separation of calves, the committee recommended that the calf should remain with the cow for a minimum of 24 h and then be housed with another calf. The committee further suggested that prolonged cow-calf contact should increasingly be implemented, due to benefits to both cow and calf to minimize stress of separation. The objective of this review is to assess the veracity of these recommendations and the scientific data that underpins them. This review will present literature to support the contention that, from a nutritional and management perspective, these recommendations may impair calf welfare by exposing calves to innutritious rations containing excess fiber and increasing their risk of morbidity and mortality due to poor colostrum intake and exposure to disease-causing pathogens. Alternative recommendations are made that may further the goal of calf welfare in the context of nutrition and housing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics, a novel global environmental problem, has become a fast-developing research field with worldwide investments. With scientific development, social science studies are expected to contribute to developing more effective communication on microplastics. Among various media, this article focused on Wikipedia and discussed one particular situation—when the language of Wikipedia differs from the language of mainstream information sources. Inspired by actor network theory, we analyzed the revision history of the Japanese Wikipedia article on microplastics from 2014 to 2020 and elucidated how knowledge of microplastics was textually constructed. We found editors' reluctance to disprove and update the latest scientific knowledge in edit actions, as well as problems and flaws existing in the created knowledge that shows limited enforcement of Wikipedia policies. Based on the findings, we urge more attention to improving the public knowledge of fast-developing science, especially when the knowledge construction might encounter a cross-language context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the Skalička Waterwork (SWW), a largely debated and media-covered water-related/flood-protection project in the Czech Republic. Relying primarily on stakeholder interviews, we traced back and reconstructed the project's development, including its key tipping points reflecting the changing societal preferences for particular measures, yet also the involvement of individual actors/stakeholders, and their differing views. The case eventually crystallized into the "dam versus polder" dispute; concerned by the repercussions for the local landscape, a joint initiative of NGOs, local activists, and politicians not only opposed the dam variant proposed by the state river basin administration but also succeeded in pushing through the alternative scheme of side dry polder. While in many ways specific (e.g. not entailing local resistance), the case exemplifies recent shifts (and respective struggles) within flood risk management, including the increasing importance attributed to complex, catchment-wide perspectives, joint local and scientific knowledge, participatory decision-making processes, or implementation of nature-based and hybrid solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the importance of using scientific binomial nomenclature for bees and argues against relying solely on vernacular or common names. The authors provide five reasons for the significance of scientific names in promoting bee literacy and facilitating consistent communication across languages and cultures. They also discuss the role of citizen science in collecting field data and improving scientific knowledge about bee species. While acknowledging the limitations of citizen science projects and the challenges of using vernacular names, the article emphasizes the continued use of scientific names in environmental education and citizen science initiatives. Additionally, the text discusses the use of vernacular names and common names in the taxonomy of mayflies, stoneflies, and webspinners. It explains that vernacular names can be misleading and vary across languages and regions, making them less accurate in reflecting the ecology and taxonomy of species. The text highlights the importance of scientific binomial nomenclature in providing a stable and universal naming system for organisms. It concludes by acknowledging the challenges of language barriers and emphasizing the need for transparency and regulation in the naming process. Lastly, the article focuses on the classification and identification of wild bee species, comparing the use of vernacular names versus scientific names. The authors argue that while vernacular names can be useful for outreach and cultural awareness, scientific names are crucial for conservation efforts and scientific communication across borders and cultures. They caution against relying exclusively on vernacular names, as it can lead to confusion, misidentification, and the dismissal of scientific taxonomy. The authors advocate for a collaborative [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the Neodeterministic (NDSHA) approach to seismic hazard assessment, which aims to prevent seismic disasters rather than simply addressing their consequences. The NDSHA method takes into account the tensor nature of earthquake ground motions and has been proven reliable through experiments conducted over the past 25 years. The article also highlights the organization of the book "Earthquakes and Sustainable Infrastructure- Neodeterministic (NDSHA) Approach Guarantees Prevention Rather Than Cure," which compiles developments in the NDSHA approach and its application in various countries and regions. The book covers topics such as hazard analysis, earthquake forecasting, site response evaluation, and the seismic performance of infrastructure. This book provides a comprehensive exploration of seismic hazard assessment, focusing on the gap between engineering principles and the needs of seismologists, engineering seismologists, and policymakers. It emphasizes the importance of designing infrastructure to withstand future earthquakes and prevent damage. [Extracted from the article]

The article "From A PhD in Chemical Engineering to a Career in Science Policy" discusses the transition of one engineer into the field of science policy. It highlights the importance of communication skills in translating scientific knowledge into governmental policies. The author shares their personal journey from chemical engineering to leading communication efforts in critical infrastructure security agencies. The article also provides insights on self-reflection, internships, and volunteer opportunities for those considering a career in science policy. [Extracted from the article]

The identification and characterisation of all course syllabus on research methodologies in education in advanced studies in education allows to present the current Portuguese teaching and learning scenario in this field for the first time. The approach for the development of this empirical work was a national survey of all master's and doctoral programmes in education and in teaching, coding and translating the information. The data collected was validated with the respective higher education institution, the master or doctoral coordinator and the teacher responsible for the research methods teaching. A qualitative based methodology through descriptive statistical analysis enables a presentation of trends in the design and organisation of the course syllabus. The results show a research knowledge that is fragmented and not clear. The descriptions of course syllabus undervalue the epistemological and methodological issues inherent in the construction of scientific knowledge in education. Privilege is given to the operationality of the methodology with a view to developing a scientific project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of social media has been suggested as a potential tool for teacher training and development. This study aims to identify patterns of SM use in the ongoing education of non-university teachers in Spain from a gender perspective. The research was based on a survey conducted between November 2021 and January 2022 involving 462 male and female non-university teachers. The data presented in this work reveals differences between teachers based on gender and associated patterns. It also highlights variables contributing to a better understanding of SM use and responsible use among female and male teachers. This study emphasizes teachers' role in implementing strategies to increase SM use among the studied population in Spain. This role requires promoting the dissemination and access to scientific knowledge from educational centres, training institutions, and university academic institutions. Actions should focus on providing relevant scientific content in appropriate and attractive formats to increase the use of SM as a continuous training resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the true purpose of religion in a processive naturalistic universe, emphasizing the importance of respecting and trusting axiogenetic processes in nature. It explores the relationship between science and religion, highlighting the role of philosophy in integrating the first-personal qualitative immediacy of experience. The text advocates for a balanced pragmatic view of human life that integrates religion and science responsibly, emphasizing the dangers of distorting the true purpose of religion for personal gain or control. The author, J. Edward Hackett, presents a pluralistic perspective that values the complexity of spiritual practices and subjective experiences without judgment. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the value of space activity in terms of its financial impact, contribution to human well-being, and its potential benefits for non-human entities. The financial value of space activity is difficult to determine due to the overlap between space and non-space activities, but it is widely acknowledged that the space economy is growing and expected to continue expanding. Space activity also brings about positive outcomes, such as advancements in knowledge and the potential to address societal goals. However, there are challenges in distributing the opportunities and benefits of the space economy, as it is currently dominated by a small number of countries and individuals. Questions arise regarding the regulation and governance of space activity, including property rights and taxation. It is important for humanity to establish an effective and morally justified system for assigning legal property rights in space to avoid monopolization and limited outcomes. The article also highlights the contribution of space activity to basic human goods, such as happiness and knowledge. Firsthand experiences of space have been shown to bring happiness to individuals, and space activity has contributed to advancements in medical knowledge and technology. Additionally, space knowledge can have implications for national defense and security, as well as potentially promoting peace on Earth. The article also suggests that space activity can enhance conservation efforts and potentially lead to the discovery and engagement with extraterrestrial life. Overall, space activity holds significant value in various aspects and is expected to continue growing in the future. [Extracted from the article]

The preface for the article collection "10 years after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake: a milestone of solid earth science" highlights the scientific discoveries made since the earthquake, thanks to near-field observations and existing knowledge about the northeastern Japan arc. The earthquake revealed dynamic frictional behaviors of the subduction interface and provided insights into subduction zone dynamics. The collection of research on the Tohoku earthquake is expected to benefit the understanding of subduction earthquakes worldwide. The preface also mentions various research papers included in the collection, covering topics such as coseismic stress drop, afterslip, seafloor observations, slow earthquake activity, tsunami deposits, paleoseismology, and numerical modeling of the earthquake cycle. Ongoing research on postseismic deformation and historical research on earthquake occurrence are also discussed. The authors express their appreciation to the reviewers and the editorial board for their contributions to the special issue. [Extracted from the article]

By generating and explaining facts, science holds an important role in environmental policy decision‐making. However, scientific knowledge is often framed as objective and neutral in policy debates, which can be challenged by stakeholders who have a different view of the issue. To counter this situation, we propose a novel scientific approach to analyze problems that are highly contested and seem difficult to resolve, that is, wicked problems. Our study combined post‐normal science and environmental justice perspectives to shed light on a wicked problem—the largely unsuccessful efforts to rehabilitate yellow perch stocks in Lac Saint‐Pierre (LSP), Quebec, Canada. The combination of these two perspectives allows us to investigate the causes of the decrease of yellow perch stocks and the social and institutional barriers to rehabilitation—which can only be overcome if the injustice perceived by different stakeholders is overcome. Our study presents an approach that addresses uncertainties, integrates various knowledge forms, reassesses decision‐making procedures, and highlights inequalities within a specified territory. The research also underlines the importance of the qualitative dimension in the development of knowledge and the need to address equity in the development of environmental policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crocin, a natural bioactive compound derived from saffron (Crocus sativus) and other Crocus genera, has gained significant attention recently due to its potential therapeutic properties. The multifaceted nature of crocin's biological effects has piqued the interest of researchers and health enthusiasts, prompting further investigations into its mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications. This review article comprehensively explores the emerging evidence supporting crocin's role as a promising ally in protecting against metabolic disorders. The review covers the molecular mechanisms underlying crocin's beneficial effects and highlights its potential applications in preventing and treating diverse pathological conditions. Understanding the mechanisms through which crocin exerts its protective effects could advance scientific knowledge and offer potential avenues for developing novel therapeutic interventions. As we uncover the potential of crocin as a valuable ally in the fight against disorders, it becomes evident that nature's palette holds remarkable solutions for enhancing our health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This mini-review emphasises the role of municipal solid waste (MSW) as the biggest contributor to climate change, as well as the need for more grounded climate action. The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 2023 Synthesis Report by the co-facilitators on the technical dialogue Key Finding 3 of applying the 'whole-of-society' approach in this article is interpreted as a cultural approach in MSW management planning and implementation process. Using anthropological critiques of development, the cultural approach is frequently considered an obstacle or a justification for a project's failure rather than an important aspect of the people being developed. Therefore, the goal of this mini-review is to showcase the findings and explore the practical application of UNFCCC Key Finding 3, emphasising its importance in every phase of the solid waste management process for climate action. This mini-review argues that applying a cultural perspective presents both opportunities and challenges. More importantly, without careful acknowledgement and consideration, opportunities can become challenges, if not vice versa. The discussion section explores the ways in which religious and economic conditions might offer a contextual understanding and effective techniques for managing MSW at the local level. To apply Key Finding 3 in practice, academia needs to move away from generality and embrace multiple 'modernities', while practitioners also need to include cultural perspectives to complement scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' individual characteristics influence the effectiveness of instruction and learning and, therefore, the depth of learning. This study brings forth the voices of middle school students regarding their science learning preferences through four modalities: visual, auditory, sensorimotor, and agency support. We examined the relationship between the students' science learning preferences and three of their personal characteristics (gender, having or not having a learning disability, and level of scientific knowledge and skills). The study encompassed 305 students (166 girls) and applied a quantitative methodology employing two questionnaires: Scientific Knowledge and Skills and Learning Preferences. Analysis of variance and multiple regressions revealed that the participants favored all four learning modalities, with a significant preference for learning via visual and sensorimotor means. Girls significantly preferred learning preferences via visuals and agency support. A significant correlation was found between the level of preference for learning science via auditory means and the students' level of scientific knowledge and skills. Hierarchical regression analysis showed a significant positive contribution of gender and preference for learning science via auditory means but no contribution of having a learning disability to the students' level of scientific knowledge and skills. The study results show the importance of implementing multi-faceted instructional strategies to address students' diversity and learning preferences. Our findings underscore the need for educators and policymakers to be attentive to the students' voices when striving to narrow gaps, achieve equality among students, and elevate students' knowledge and skills in science studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To be able to form and develop competencies with regard to the nature of science (NOS) for students, the teachers must have appropriate conceptions about NOS. Therefore, this study explored levels of conceptions about the nature of science of future physics teachers who have experienced two different physics teachers-education curricula using the survey research methodology. The findings indicated that both curricula have developed positive conceptions of the nature of science for pre-service physics teachers, especially for elements related to creativity in science, subjectivity in science (theory-ladenness), and the tentative nature of scientific knowledge. However, besides good conceptions, naive views could be found in some other elements, such as the purpose of the experiment and the validity of observationally based theories and discipline. Finally, students did not express enough conceptions of the function of scientific theories and the logic of testing them. When differences among generations were investigated, the new generation, who has been experiencing a new curriculum established in 2019, was found to have better conceptions when it came to the scientific definition of science, laws, and theories, as well as scientific methods. However, they hold more inadequate conceptions of the elements of the social and cultural embeddedness of scientific knowledge. These differences were suggested and discussed to be mainly stemmed from the appearance of a course called Introduction to Natural Science and Technology in the new curriculum. This paper discusses the implications of this study for investigating NOS conceptions and developing physics teachers-education curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Societal Impact Statement Summary Biological samples and their associated information are an essential resource used by scientists, governments, policymakers, practitioners and communities to ensure that biodiversity can be appropriately protected and sustainably used. Yet, considering the enormous task of documenting the vast numbers of as‐yet‐unknown plant and fungal species, greater international coordination for biological collecting and recording is necessary, built on equitable collecting practices and standards. Here, we propose five commitments to accelerate and enhance scientific knowledge of plant and fungal diversity, while increasing collaboration, benefit sharing and efficiency.Almost all life depends on plants and fungi, making knowledge of their diversity and distribution—primarily derived from biological collections—fundamental to national and international conservation, restoration and sustainable use commitments. However, it is estimated that some 15% of all plant species and over 90% of all fungal species have not yet been scientifically described, hampering our ability to assess and demonstrate the impact of efforts to halt biodiversity loss. In addition, organisations and researchers around the world lack a concerted strategy for increasing complementarity and avoiding overlap in botanical and mycological research, particularly in relation to the collection of specimens. We here present the 2030 Declaration on Scientific Plant and Fungal Collecting, summarising a commitment towards such a necessary strategy. Its components were identified from discussions during and after a series of four workshops and plenary discussions at the 2023 State of the World's Plants and Fungi symposium convened by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and were then consolidated into the present form by the authors. The Declaration was subsequently opened up for endorsement by signatories. Collectively, we agree on a set of five commitments for cataloguing the world's flora and funga, designed to maximise efficiency, facilitate knowledge exchange and promote equitable collaborations: (1) use evidence‐based collection strategies; (2) strengthen local capacity; (3) collaborate across taxa and disciplines; (4) collect for the future; and (5) share the benefits. This Declaration is a first step towards increased global and regional coordination of scientific collecting efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Approximately 20 years have passed since the Person-relative-to-Event (PrE) Model of Coping with Threat was conceptualized. Despite its familiar name, this model has been under-researched. This study investigates the main assumptions of the PrE, identifies predictors of actual household earthquake adjustments in the absence of fear appeals using a non-experimental design, and proposes an alternative model: the Sequential Person-relative-to-Event Model of Coping with Threat (SPrE). Methods: A survey methodology was employed with self-completed questionnaires from 822 residents of the Azores, an earthquake-vulnerable location. The associations between variables were examined. Structural Equation Modeling was applied to test the PrE and SPrE models. Results: Actual household earthquake adjustment was associated with person, event, and person-relative-to-event appraisals, responsibility attributions, age, and educational level. There was a non-significant association with gender. Person-relative-to-event appraisal was a non-significant predictor of actual household earthquake adjustments and responsibility attributions did not moderate this relationship. We found that event appraisal predicted person appraisal and that its relationship with actual household earthquake adjustments was moderated by the responsibility attributions. Thus, a new hypothesis is proposed regarding the relationship between risk perception (equivalent to event appraisal) and actual household earthquake adjustments. Conclusions: These results contribute to the literature, practice and cumulative scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While global marine science data sharing plays a crucial role in advancing scientific research and knowledge dissemination, it also brings with it two major ethical conflicts: those between individual interests and the public interest and those between data privacy and data sharing, which are rooted in conflict of interest. In the context of globalization and rapid technological progress, current ethical governance frameworks are inadequate in regulating these conflicts. On the one hand, governance cannot meet the needs of rapidly evolving technologies; on the other hand, the complexity and diversity of stakeholders involved in governance make it more difficult. By introducing the theory of legal hierarchy and innovatively proposing the theory of ethical hierarchy, which classifies the ethical principles to be followed according to their importance and applicability, the priority and scope of application between different ethical principles can be clearly defined so that various stakeholders can make the right ethical choices. Using research methods such as literature review, case studies, and comparative analysis, we propose to construct an ethical governance framework that consists of a stakeholder consultation and communication network in terms of governance structure and clarifies the ethical responsibilities of each party in data sharing in terms of governance measures. This framework not only provides a platform for communication and cooperation among different stakeholders but also helps to balance the interests of different stakeholders and improve the level and extent of global marine science data sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Disaster responders are an important part of disaster response. However, despite large efforts to train disaster responders, there is a limited scientific knowledge regarding which competences and skills such responders value and lack during a real mission. The aim of this study was to investigate used and needed skills among disaster responders responding to the earthquake in Türkiye and Syria 2023 Methods: A cross-sectional study using a non-randomized sample was conducted, collected between March and July, 2023. The participants were recruited through invitations distributed to international organizations, and the data were gathered through a web-based survey. The data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics. Results: A total of 525 participants involved in the disaster response in Türkiye or Syria in February 2023 were included. The most common valued skills were teamwork skills (n = 252, 59%), technical knowledge (n = 204, 48%), leadership skills (n = 105, 24%) and communication skills (n = 114, 17%). Women valued stress management (n = 33, 26%) more than leadership (n = 24, 19%) Technical knowledges were more valued among first-time responders (n = 168, 82%) compared to experienced responders (n = 108, 54%, p-value < 0.001). The most reported lacked skills were mental preparedness (n = 237, 53%), knowledge of the management system of international response (n = 132, 30%), stress management (n = 105, 24%) and leadership (n = 102, 23%). Conclusion: The results showed slightly different needs in the various phases of a response, as well as some differences between men and women. Improving mental preparedness was not one of the most highly valued skills, but it was one of the skills that was most lacking; this discrepancy is an interesting finding. More in-depth analysis and additional studies are needed to further understand how best to prepare disaster responders and how their training can include the desirable skills. Further studies should be focused on the experience and knowledge of qualified disaster responders. This knowledge could also be of use when recruiting since several of the non-technical skills are not only gained solely through specific training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain–computer interfacing (BCI) research, fueled by deep learning, integrates insights from diverse domains. A notable focus is on steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) in BCI applications, requiring in-depth assessment through deep learning. EEG research frequently employs SSVEPs, which are regarded as normal brain responses to visual stimuli, particularly in investigations of visual perception and attention. This paper tries to give an in-depth analysis of the implications of deep learning for SSVEP-adapted BCI. A systematic search across four stable databases (Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and IEEE) was developed to assemble a vast reservoir of relevant theoretical and scientific knowledge. A comprehensive search yielded 177 papers that appeared between 2010 and 2023. Thence a strict screening method from predetermined inclusion criteria finally generated 39 records. These selected works were the basis of the study, presenting alternate views, obstacles, limitations and interesting ideas. By providing a systematic presentation of the material, it has made a key scholarly contribution. It focuses on the technical aspects of SSVEP-based BCI, EEG technologies and complex applications of deep learning technology in these areas. The study delivers more penetrating reporting on the latest deep learning pattern recognition techniques than its predecessors, together with progress in data acquisition and recording means suitable for SSVEP-based BCI devices. Especially in the realms of deep learning technology orchestration, pattern recognition techniques, and EEG data collection, it has effectively closed four important research gaps. To increase the accessibility of this critical material, the results of the study take the form of easy-to-read tables just generated. Applying deep learning techniques in SSVEP-based BCI applications, as the research shows, also has its downsides. The study concludes that a radical framework will be presented which, includes intelligent decision-making tools for evaluation and benchmarking. Rather than just finding a comparable or similar analogy, this framework is intended to help guide future research and pragmatic applications, and to determine which SSVEP-based BCI applications have succeeded at responsibility for what they set out with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a position paper from the American College of Clinical Pharmacology (ACCP) discussing the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists for chronic weight management therapy. The paper emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to ensure that these medications are appropriately prescribed, supplied, and filled per approved labels. It also encourages comprehensive treatment plans that include coaching for positive lifestyle changes and health literacy. The paper highlights potential risks and calls for regulatory agencies to prevent the manufacturing and importation of unapproved GLP-1 receptor agonists. The paper includes conflicts of interest disclosures and funding information. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the new guidelines and focus areas in the field of cardiology. It begins with an overview of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and its goals. The article then highlights three innovative ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation, chronic coronary syndromes, and peripheral arterial and aortic diseases. The rest of the article focuses on ischaemic heart disease and arrhythmias, discussing topics such as nomenclature for myocardial ischaemic syndromes, gender differences in atrial fibrillation, outcomes for high bleeding risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, and the prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography in atherosclerosis quantification. The article concludes with a discussion on gene therapy for type 1 long QT syndrome. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic infectious condition and the main cause of neuropathy that occurs brought on by M. leprae. It is known that the biological characteristics of the human host, such as the immunological ones, have a higher influence on the pathology of this disease than the intrinsic mechanisms of the bacterium. The objective of this work was to review the scientific knowledge about the relationship between immunopathology and the severity of leprosy. Methods: A systematic review following the PRISMA 2020 recommendations was conducted in the PUBMED, LILACS, SciELO and Science Direct databases using articles in English, Portuguese or Spanish between January 2011 and May 2022 with the descriptors "Leprosy/Immunology", "Cytokines" and "Mycobacterium leprae". A methodological quality assessment was carried out using the JBI checklists. Results: A total of 49 articles were included. There is a relationship of greater severity of infection associated with lower release of MHC molecules in response to PGL-1 that inhibit the promotion of resolving T lymphocytes arising from dendritic cells (DCs) stimulation. In addition, the differentiation of macrophage phenotypes dependent on the activation of PRRs can define activation and the distinct type of T helper (Th) cells involved according to severity. Activated CD8+ T cells also have distinct types at the appropriate poles of the disease, and B cells show at the most severe pole of the LL, specific induction of IgA and more Treg-type CD8+ T cells that further contribute to T cell anergy. Conclusion: Therefore, the adaptive immune system aggravates nerve damage and defines the type of leprosy, while the innate immune system is considerably more significant in the onset of nerve damage, symptomatic of the initial presentation of illness and in several critical immune responses, including inflammation and elimination of dead M. leprae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review analyzes in detail the topic of supercapacitors based on biochar technologies, including their advantages, disadvantages, and development potential. The main topic is the formation of precursors in the process of pyrolysis and activation, and the possibility of the application of biochar itself in various fields is brought closer. The structure, division, and principle of operation of supercondensates are discussed, where their good and bad sides are pointed out. The current state of the scientific and legal knowledge on the topic of biocarbon and its applications is verified, and the results of many authors are compared to examine the current level of the research on supercapacitors based on biochar electrodes created from lignocellulosic biomass. Current application sites for supercapacitors in transportation, electronics, and power generation (conventional and unconventional) are also examined, as is the potential for further development of the technology under discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern interpretations of Aristotelian concepts of knowing, episteme, techne and phronesis, have lately been adopted to study expertise and professions. The article argues that a combination of the three types of knowledge would be useful in development cooperation and that especially phronesis, or practical wisdom, should take the central stage as it combines practice with values. Although values are central in development work, they are currently undermined by technical understandings. The article explored the different forms of knowledge that are used and appreciated within the Finnish development cooperation. The data was drawn from a process of providing topical and rapid scientific inputs to Finnish ministry officials and it was complemented with key-informant interviews. The findings showed that although scientific knowledge was appreciated by the ministry officials, the internal incentive structures of the development administration favoured technical forms of knowledge. Especially results information as well as picking up travelling ideas from the major trendsetters within the field were important in everyday work. The main structural constraints for phronesis to flourish within the department seemed to be a lack of time for learning and reflection. Development is a messy process involving stakeholders with various interests and wicked problems that do not have simple solutions and are inflicted with power struggles. With declining funding and diminishing appreciation from the side of the power holders, the value of knowledge available to improve the quality and effectiveness of development policy and cooperation becomes important to all stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many studies in infectious diseases struggle to recruit participants. The SARS-CoV-2 infection, transmission dynamics, and household impact in Malawi (SCATHIM) study reported a refusal rate of 57.2%. Adequate publicity can lead to more people participating in studies. This study explored the reasons for participating in the SCATHIM study. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study informed by the theory of reasoned action was conducted in Blantyre between January 2022 and March 2022 to assess factors that influence participation in a COVID-19 study among 10 index cases, 10 caregivers, 10 study decliners, and 5 research staff. The data were collected via in-depth interview guides, audio recorded, transcribed, managed via NVIVO and analysed via a thematic approach. Results: The factors that motivated participation in the study included one's knowledge of COVID-19; potential access to medical services, including free COVID-19 tests for members of the household; financial reimbursements; and the ability to contribute scientific knowledge. The barriers to participation included minimal publicity of the study amidst a novel condition, perceived stigma and discrimination, perceived invasion of privacy, discomfort with the testing procedures, and suboptimal financial reimbursements. Conclusion: Effective publicity and outreach strategies have the potential to decrease refusal rates in study participation, especially if a condition is novel. Studies on infectious diseases should address stigma and discrimination to promote participation and ensure participant safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helping university students develop productive views of what characterizes good scientific research and scientific knowledge is an important objective of science education. However, many studies show that students' views of the nature of science (NOS) do not become more informed or even become less informed after learning activities that engage students in scientific practice. This could mean that the way we teach students to conduct scientific research might unintentionally strengthen or bring about uninformed views of NOS. In this article, we argue that scientific discourse (how language is used in science) might play a role in this relation between learning scientific inquiry and uninformed views of NOS. We argue that there could be implicit notions relating to NOS underlying scientific discourse that uninformed readers might translate to uninformed views of NOS. We call these implicit notions underlying scientific language use "epistemological notions." In this article, we further define this construct of epistemological notions, contrast it with explicit views of NOS and other related constructs, explain how we think epistemological notions might affect explicit views of NOS, and present a framework we developed to characterize them in scientific language use. It is a descriptive and interpretative analysis framework which combines, optimizes, and extends several text analysis methods, discourse analysis, and reflexive thematic analysis. We provide a guide to use the framework and point out quality criteria. We finish by advocating the framework for educational researchers interested in developing instructional interventions during which learning about science is combined with explicit reflection on NOS. Identifying epistemological notions in scientific language use could provide starting points for these activities by making explicit the translation from NOS understanding to scientific practice and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research biopsies have great potential to advance scientific knowledge by helping to establish predictors of favourable or unfavourable outcomes in kidney transplantation. We evaluated punch and core biopsies of different sizes to determine the optimal size for clinical use. Methods: A total of 54 punch biopsies and 18 core needle biopsies were retrieved by three transplant surgeons. Each surgeon obtained three separate 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm punch biopsy samples and three 23 mm (length) core needle biopsies from two pig kidneys. Results: 4 mm punch biopsies yielded the greatest amount of protein (2.11 ± 0.41 mg) with good reproducibility between surgeons and biopsy types (Coefficient of Variation ∼ 22.13%). All surgeons found 2 mm biopsies technically challenging to obtain and sample processing was difficult due to the sample size. Shotgun proteomics identified 3853 gene products with no significant difference in the quantitative proteome of 2 mm and 3 mm punch biopsies. However, the expression of 158 Kidney enriched genes, was higher in bigger and deeper 4 mm punch and core needle biopsies compared to 2 mm biopsy. Only 80% of 2 mm biopsies demonstrated the presence of glomeruli, whereas glomeruli were present in 100% of all other biopsy sizes. Conclusions: The 2 mm punch biopsy has been shown to be challenging to use and frequently provides inadequate tissue for histology and proteomics while 3 mm research biopsies were the smallest size that were technically obtainable with adequate tissue for molecular studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Owing to the rapid development of Earth observation and Internet technology, researchers have acquired and shared a large amount of Earth observation data. However, traditional data sharing does not provide direct solutions to problems. The large amount of tacit knowledge contained in scientific data, scientific literature, analysis models, software/code, documentation, and other scientific resources on Earth observation applications has not been effectively organized and shared. To solve this problem, the Group on Earth Observations proposed an Earth Observation Knowledge Hub (EOKH); however, there is no unified and clear method for building an EOKH to date. This paper presents an automatic construction method for an EOKH on the basis of a knowledge graph, which describes scientific data, scientific literature, analysis models, software/code, documentation, and other scientific resources and their semantic relationships. An automatic discovery algorithm of scientific and technological resources was also constructed in this study on the basis of a knowledge graph from the Internet. This algorithm is capable of the automatic creation of knowledge packages and the construction of links between knowledge elements. Then, the knowledge discovery algorithm was evaluated through comparison with an existing method in relation to accuracy, and the results showed that our method outperforms the existing method. Lastly, the knowledge package was published on the Linked Open Data Cloud platform in the Resource Description Framework format, and an EOKH was created. Moreover, an application terminal based on SPARQL allowing users to search the EOKH was developed. A clear and operational method for the construction of an EOKH is proposed for the first time in this research, laying the foundation for the development of the EOKH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the future governance of areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) in the wake of the new 2023 United Nations Agreement using the work on the Sargasso Sea as a prototype. After discussing the legal framework and current challenges facing the ABNJ regime, some details are provided on open ocean data collection technologies, including big data and artificial intelligence (AI), used in support of ocean governance. Based on a technology-enabled ocean governance cycle, the role that data, information technology and data-science can play in incorporating empirical scientific knowledge into policy and decisionmaking is examined with a focus on the open ocean. The article concludes with a vision of future high seas governance based on the 2023 Agreement and how big data and AI can play a crucial role in meeting the exciting challenges that the new agreement poses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest Assisted Migration (FAM) emerges as a promising strategy of adaptation to climate change (CC) in the forestry sector. This method integrates various sources of knowledge to identify optimal locations for future tree species establishment through human intervention. As climate change presents numerous challenges to Quebec’s forests, including shifts in suitable habitats for tree species, the FAM recommends a proactive approach to adapt to these changes. Recognizing the importance of addressing risks and following international resolutions, such as the Paris Agreement on Climate Change (COP21) and Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), social perception becomes a critical consideration in the decision-making process regarding FAM. To investigate this issue, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 key stakeholders in Quebec, including officials from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, employees of private forestry technical companies, forestry researchers, private forest owners, non-governmental organizations (NGO) members, and other forest stakeholders. We analyzed the data collected in this phase through thematic discrimination, focusing on (i) acceptability (ii) risk perception (iii) feasibility, and (iv) purpose. Then, we compared the discourses with data from other publications addressing the social aspects of FAM. To develop this reflection, we found it important to use a conceptual framework that encompasses the articulation among some concepts of intervention through FAM vs. non-intervention, public trust in government authorities, risk perception and scientific knowledge. The interviews revealed a general inclination among stakeholders to support FAM, dependent upon cautious implementation with pilot projects and studies serving as references for future large-scale applications. Concerns raised by stakeholders included seed production, adequate experimental monitoring, and careful species selection. While some stakeholders were more knowledgeable about current FAM research, others emphasized the importance of economic viability, public participation in decision-making, and transparency in forestry processes. We identified communication and public involvement as fundamental aspects for advancing the perspective of FAM implementation in Quebec; it is crucial to recognize the presence of humans in FAM target areas and their potential contributions to implementation. Moving forward, forest authorities responsible for FAM should prioritize stakeholder engagement at all levels to ensure a socially inclusive strategy of adaptation that respects a wide range of considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial focuses on rethinking the role of scientific knowledge in climate communication, exploring how knowledge is used and its effectiveness in influencing behavioral changes. It critiques traditional models that emphasize knowledge as a direct precursor to action, arguing instead for a more nuanced understanding that incorporates diverse forms of knowledge and emphasizes dialogue-oriented communication.

The article focuses on India's shift towards incorporating traditional knowledge into its education system to move away from its colonial legacy, with a particular emphasis on the inclusion of historical achievements like zinc distillation. Topics include the debate over whether the new curriculum will correctly represent India's diverse cultural heritage, concerns about potential bias and misinformation, and the practical challenges and responses from various institutions and educators.

This document contains summaries of various articles related to blood donation and transfusion. The articles cover topics such as efforts to improve ethnic minority blood donor numbers, collaborations to recruit blood donors for research programs, trends in malaria antibody testing, testing for Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI), and the accuracy of point-of-care testing methods. Other topics include restless legs syndrome and sleep disorders in blood donors, lookback investigations for transfusion-transmitted infections, and various parameters related to blood transfusion and testing. The document also discusses studies on red blood cell manufacturing methods, safe transfusion plans for patients with specific needs, predictors for red blood cell transfusion in pregnant women, and the appropriateness of blood transfusions in different hospital settings. Additionally, it covers initiatives to improve transfusion practices, patient safety, and the management of blood supply chain. The document emphasizes the importance of collaboration, education, and quality improvement in transfusion services. [Extracted from the article]

Climate change, attributable to human activity, is increasingly contributing to a global health crisis. The scale, nature and timing of adverse effects on physical and mental health, via direct and indirect pathways, vary within and between regions but there are common challenges that can be tackled by better integrated mitigation and adaptation actions. The actions described in this paper would have benefits for health if appropriately implemented, both by reducing the health risks of climate change and from the ancillary (co‐)benefits of mitigation such as from reduced air pollution as a result of phasing out fossil fuels. There are unprecedented health threats from climate change but also unprecedented opportunities to use scientific knowledge to inform policy and practice. Much can be done now to use the evidence already available to effect rapid and decisive action as well as generating new evidence to support effective policy development and implementation. This paper draws on an inter‐regional, inclusive, project by the InterAcademy Partnership, the global network of more than 140 academies of science, engineering and medicine, to summarise evidence available worldwide in order to help inform options for policy making. A particular focus is on clarifying climate change mitigation and adaptation solutions and their implementation for the benefit of the most vulnerable groups. The present authors actively participated in managing this project which encouraged academies to capture diverse impacts and policy options by evaluating and synthesising evidence from their own countries to inform policy for collective and customised action at national, regional and global levels. Using a systems‐based approach, recommendations from the project in this publication are transdisciplinary and multisectoral. Despite the accumulating evidence, protecting and improving human health have not yet become major focal points in global climate change policy discussions. Drawing on the IAP project outputs, we strongly recommend that health and health equity must now come to the foreground, accompanied by much greater allocation of climate finance to health‐related programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses articles within the issue on topics including the intersection of citizen science and science communication, stakeholder-centric approaches and communication strategies used across citizen science projects, and innovation, resilience and expansion in citizen science approaches.

The article focuses on a personal and theoretical exploration of immigrant identity and colonial history through a critical self-study. Topics include the author's lineage and relationship with ancestors, the application of theoretical frameworks by thinkers like Kristeva and Fanon, and the concept of "depth education" to engage with complexities and discomfort in knowledge creation.

The article discusses the impact of Javier Milei's presidency in Argentina on the academic sector, particularly in geography and related disciplines. Milei, a right-wing libertarian, has implemented policies to defund science and technology, education, and research, leading to a reduction in student enrollments and brain drain. In response, researchers and teachers have organized resistance efforts through networks like the Argentine Network of Science and Technology Institutes and the Network of Institutes of Geography and Territorial Studies of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. The text raises concerns about the implications of Milei's anti-scientific policies and their potential influence on academic sectors globally. [Extracted from the article]

Fish welfare is a critical issue that needs to be addressed by the rapidly growing aquaculture industry. Scientific knowledge regarding the natural behaviors of species and the conditions in which they are kept in farms is essential for improving their welfare in aquaculture. To provide a consistent overview of the welfare of farmed fish, the organization fair‐fish has created the online platform fair‐fish database, which gathers ethological knowledge categorized into profiles of farmed aquatic species. The WelfareChecks on this platform are profiles based on criteria that are rated based on the likelihood and potential of the species to experience a high level of welfare in aquaculture systems, together with the certainty about the findings. A score (WelfareScore) is calculated from these ratings, serving as a reference to identify knowledge gaps, assess welfare, and suggest ways to improve it. Here, we performed an in‐depth analysis of the species with WelfareChecks already published in the fair‐fish database based on their respective WelfareScores. In general, although just a small percentage of farmed aquatic species (~5%) have at least a 20% chance of experiencing a good level of welfare under minimal aquaculture conditions, 60% of them have at least some potential to achieve good welfare under high‐standard conditions, with more than a third of the species (~37%) having at least a 20% potential. Despite that, several species exhibit a very high frequency of low chances and potential for experiencing good welfare levels under aquaculture conditions, besides a low degree of certainty based on literature reviews. Furthermore, many others show a very frequent occurrence of unclear or nonexistent knowledge in their profiles. The current welfare state is therefore poor for the majority of farmed aquatic species; yet, there is considerable potential for improvement. However, many species are very unlikely to achieve good welfare, even under high‐standard conditions. Importantly, large knowledge gaps remain for an accurate assessment of the welfare of several farmed species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text is a summary of a special issue on the topic of multispecies relations in the sociology of religion. It highlights the shift towards a more inclusive and non-anthropocentric approach in the study of religion, spirituality, and the environment. The issue includes contributions from scholars in various disciplines, such as animal studies, anthropology, feminist studies, indigenous studies, and theology. The aim is to challenge the dominant anthropocentric perspective and inspire new possibilities for research and activism that promote coexistence and well-being with multiple species. The text also discusses the historical and cultural roots of the human-animal relationship and the need for ethical responses to the exploitation and mistreatment of animals. Indigenous knowledge and methodologies are emphasized as valuable resources for understanding and engaging with multispecies relations. The text concludes by emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary and decolonial approaches to studying multi-species relationships. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a review of Frederick J. Newmeyer's book, "American linguistics in transition: From post-Bloomfieldian structuralism to generative grammar." The review examines the controversies surrounding Newmeyer's previous work and evaluates whether this new book meets the standards of scientific history writing. The reviewer outlines the criteria for evaluating the book, including methodology, use of data, avoidance of bias, and avoidance of fallacies. The review provides an overview of the book's structure and content, which includes chapters on the transformation of linguistics in the 1920s-1940s, the relationship between American and European structuralism, and the birth of generative grammar. The book challenges the idea of a "Chomskyan revolution" and instead focuses on the originality of early transformational generative grammar. It also disputes the belief that funding played a significant role in the success of generative linguistics and argues against the existence of an underground publication culture. The book documents that generative grammarians were not organizationally dominant in the United States during the period studied. While the book makes progress in improving historiographical methodology in linguistics, there is still room for improvement. [Extracted from the article]

This study carries out a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scientific production on wildfires, soil erosion and land degradation, with the aim of understanding trends, critical gaps in scientific knowledge and research patterns. A total of 1400 articles published between 2001 and 2023 were analyzed with bibliometric tools (Bibliometrix and VOSviewer), revealing a steady growth in the number of publications over time. International collaboration between countries such as the United States, Spain, China and Portugal is evident, highlighting the global approach to tackling these issues, as well as the mobility and collaboration between scientists. Analyzing the conceptual structure through the co-occurrence of keywords reveals central themes such as "soil erosion" and "wildfire", indicating areas of primary focus in research. This study highlights the continuing importance of these themes and the need for global collaboration to tackle the environmental challenges affecting forest ecosystems, and particularly the soil layer, caused by wildfires, which affect wildlands all over the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant extracts of fifteen plants of ethnomedicinal use in Mexico were analyzed to provide scientific knowledge of their medicinal properties through the evaluation of different biological activities such as anti-hemolytic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects in normal cells. Therefore, methanolic extracts were obtained from each of the plants by the Soxhlet extraction. The hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes was evaluated, as was their potential to protect the erythrocyte membrane against the 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and 1,1–diphenyl–2–picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Finally, the toxicity of the extracts in normal cell cultures of African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction method. Most of the extracts showed low hemolytic activity and high anti-hemolytic activity as well as high selectivity indices (SI) and antioxidant effects. Extracts of H. inuloides, J. dioica, and J. spicigera induced cell proliferation of the Vero cells. K. daigremontiana, A. adstringens, S. mexicanum, J. spicigera, L. tridentata, and M. tenuiflora extracts showed PBMC cell proliferation. In the present study, it was observed that the evaluated extracts did not present hemolytic activity, and some presented low toxicity when Vero and PBMC cell cultures were exposed. In conclusion, traditionally used plants possess beneficial health properties, and it is hoped that this study will serve as a basis for understanding the biological effects of traditionally used plants and may complement future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates nineteenth century natural history practices through the lens of the Actor-Network Theory, which posits that scientific practice is shaped by an intricate network of interactions between human and non-human actors. At the core of this research is the analysis of correspondence between Charles Darwin and his collaborators during the Cirripedia Project, which unveils a complex landscape of negotiations with illustrators, funders, specimen owners, and translators, among other stakeholders and interested parties. The study goes beyond the final outcomes of scientific research, delving into behind-the-scenes interactions, and hidden constructions, shedding light on the complex dynamics and actors that conventional scientific narratives often overlook. In general, this approach provides a detailed and insightful view of the underlying processes of nineteenth-century scientific practice, underscoring the importance of epistolary correspondence as a central element in producing scientific knowledge at the time, and in particular it reveals to us how much Darwin was himself involved in the production of his famous work on barnacles. By emphasizing the intricacies of research, this study enriches our understanding of Darwin's work as well as natural history practices in the 19th century, highlighting the complexity and diversity of actors and agents involved in shaping scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global climate change has resulted in substantial modifications to the distribution patterns of narrowly distributed species across different time periods, leading to an imminent threat to the survival of some vulnerable species. Chimonobambusa tumidissinoda J. R. Xue & T. P. Yi ex Ohrnb., a bamboo species endemic to the transition zone from the Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau to the Sichuan Basin with high economic and ecological value, exhibits a limited range and rarity. Utilizing eight environmental variables and 56 occurrence records, we employed the MaxEnt model to predict the potential distribution range of C. tumidissinoda under current and future climate scenarios. The findings revealed that precipitation of the driest month (Bio14), elevation and isothermality (Bio3) were the crucial factors determining the species' distribution, accounting for 31.24%, 28.27% and 17.24% of data variability, respectively. The distribution centroid of C. tumidissinoda is anticipated to shift towards higher latitudes in response to future climate change, and the projected habitat suitability is expected to expand under ssp245 and ssp585 scenarios while remaining unchanged or contracting under the ssp126 scenario. Despite these expansions, the suitable habitats remain limited, with the largest being approximately 2.08 × 104 km2, indicating a significant threat to its survival. Our study provides insights into the adaptive responses of C. tumidissinoda to climate change, enriching scientific knowledge for developing effective conservation measurements as well as sustainable utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung: Unser Beitrag ist ein theoretischer Artikel, der die Bildung im Anthropozän durch die Brille einer kritischen Pädagogik betrachtet. Die Diskussion stützt sich vor allem auf Philosophie und Anthropologie, greift aber auch auf zahlreiche Konzepte der Erziehungswissenschaften und der Bildung zurück. Wir beginnen mit einer Beschreibung des globalen Systemphänomens Anthropozän und der Gefahr plötzlicher irreversibler Veränderungen, die die Fähigkeit des Menschen, in einer Gesellschaft zu leben, gefährden würden, wenn bestimmte Kipppunkte überschritten werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Menschheit und insbesondere die Pädagog_innen angesichts der anstehenden Probleme vor einer großen Herausforderung stehen, aber auch angesichts der Tatsache, dass der politische und soziale Wandel nur sehr langsam vonstatten geht, obwohl wir uns der Situation durchaus bewusst sind. Es gilt also, spezifische Formen der Entfremdung zu berücksichtigen, die über das Problem der Unwissenheit hinausgehen, das seit der Zeit der Aufklärung angeklagt wird. Unter diesem Gesichtspunkt mag es schließlich angebracht sein, eine Pädagogik der Befreiung, wie die von Paulo Freire, zu unterstützen, da sie den Wunsch nach individueller und politischer Emanzipation – d.h. die verschiedenen Ebenen, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Phänomen des Anthropozäns eine Rolle spielen – klar zum Ausdruck bringt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminol (3-Aminophthalhydrazide) serves as a chemiluminescent reagent that, when oxidized by an oxidant in an alkaline aqueous solution, generates excited state molecules. Upon returning to the ground state, these molecules emit energy in the form of visible blue light, which is both striking and aesthetically appealing. This work enhances the outreach of chemiluminescence experiments by substituting laboratory alkaline reagents and oxidants with everyday items like explosive salts and disinfectants (e.g., 84 disinfectant). Targeted gradient science popularization efforts are tailored for different levels of scientific knowledge: (1) Engaging young children and adolescents with entertaining experiments such as "Blue Rain" and "Blue Flame" to foster interest in chemistry through enjoyable educational activities. (2) Designing experiments for undergraduate students with a strong scientific background to utilize chemiluminescence analyzers for measuring peroxide content in explosive salts, thereby enhancing practical problem-solving skills, experimental proficiency, and logical reasoning. (3) Educating the general public through everyday chemical experiments to dispel misconceptions about chemiluminescence, promoting a deeper understanding of scientific principles and improving rational thinking and scientific literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]