74 results on '"Sadro, Steven"'
Search Results
52. Snapshot Surveys for Lake Monitoring, More Than a Shot in the Dark: Opinion article
- Author
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Mantzouki, Evanthia, Beklioǧlu, Meryem, Brookes, Justin D., de Senerpont Domis, Lisette Nicole, Dugan, Hilary A., Doubek, Jonathan P., Grossart, Hans-Peter, Nejstgaard, Jens C., Pollard, Amina I., Ptacnik, Robert, Rose, Kevin C., Sadro, Steven, Seelen, Laura, Skaff, Nicholas K., Teubner, Katrin, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Ibelings, Bastiaan W., AKWA, and Aquatic Ecology (AqE)
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international - Published
- 2018
53. Resource constraints highlight complex microbial interactions during lake biofilm development
- Author
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Wyatt, Kevin H., primary, Seballos, Rody C., additional, Shoemaker, Maria N., additional, Brown, Shawn P., additional, Chandra, Sudeep, additional, Kuehn, Kevin A., additional, Rober, Allison R., additional, and Sadro, Steven, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
54. Climate warming response of mountain lakes affected by variations in snow
- Author
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Sadro, Steven, primary, Melack, John M., additional, Sickman, James O., additional, and Skeen, Kevin, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
55. Citizen Science show systematic changes in the temperature difference between air and inland waters with global warming, Scientific reports
- Author
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Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Mackay, Murray, Stockwell, Jason D., Thiery, Wim, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Augusto-Silva, Pétala B., Baulch, Helen M., de Eyto, Elvira, Hejzlar, Josef, Kangur, Külli, Kirillin, Georgiy, Pierson, Don C., Rusak, James A., Sadro, Steven, Woolway, R. Iestyn, and Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering
- Subjects
general - Abstract
Citizen science projects have a long history in ecological studies. The research usefulness of such projects is dependent on applying simple and standardized methods. Here, we conducted a citizen science project that involved more than 3500 Swedish high school students to examine the temperature difference between surface water and the overlying air (Tw-Ta) as a proxy for sensible heat flux (QH). If QH is directed upward, corresponding to positive Tw-Ta, it can enhance CO2 and CH4 emissions from inland waters, thereby contributing to increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The students found mostly negative Tw-Ta across small ponds, lakes, streams/rivers and the sea shore (i.e. downward QH), with Tw-Ta becoming increasingly negative with increasing Ta. Further examination of Tw-Ta using high-frequency temperature data from inland waters across the globe confirmed that Tw-Ta is linearly related to Ta. Using the longest available high-frequency temperature time series from Lake Erken, Sweden, we found a rapid increase in the occasions of negative Tw-Ta with increasing annual mean Ta since 1989. From these results, we can expect that ongoing and projected global warming will result in increasingly negative Tw-Ta, thereby reducing CO2 and CH4 transfer velocities from inland waters into the atmosphere.
- Published
- 2017
56. Ecology under lake ice
- Author
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Hampton, Stephanie E., Galloway, Aaron W. E., Powers, Stephen M., Ozersky, Ted, Woo, Kara H., Batt, Ryan D., Labou, Stephanie G., O'Reilly, Catherine M., Sharma, Sapna, Lottig, Noah R., Stanley, Emily H., North, Rebecca L., Stockwell, Jason D., Adrian, Rita, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Arvola, Lauri, Baulch, Helen M., Bertani, Isabella, Bowman, Larry L., Jr., Carey, Cayelan C., Catalan, Jordi, Colom-Montero, William, Domine, Leah M., Felip, Marisol, Granados, Ignacio, Gries, Corinna, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Haberman, Juta, Haldna, Marina, Hayden, Brian, Higgins, Scott N., Jolley, Jeff C., Kahilainen, Kimmo K., Kaup, Enn, Kehoe, Michael J., MacIntyre, Sally, Mackay, Anson W., Mariash, Heather L., Mckay, Robert M., Nixdorf, Brigitte, Noges, Peeter, Noges, Tiina, Palmer, Michelle, Pierson, Don C., Post, David M., Pruett, Matthew J., Rautio, Milla, Read, Jordan S., Roberts, Sarah L., Ruecker, Jacqueline, Sadro, Steven, Silow, Eugene A., Smith, Derek E., Sterner, Robert W., Swann, George E. A., Timofeyev, Maxim A., Toro, Manuel, Twiss, Michael R., Vogt, Richard J., Watson, Susan B., Whiteford, Erika J., Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Palaeo-ecologie, Biological Sciences, Lammi Biological Station, Environmental Sciences, Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, and Palaeo-ecologie
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,data synthesis ,Limnology ,AULACOSEIRA-BAICALENSIS ,Aquatic ecosystem ,01 natural sciences ,Zooplankton ,Phytoplankton ,Temperate climate ,Ecosystem ,Ice Cover ,freshwater ,lake ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Abiotic component ,Ekologi ,long-term ,CLIMATE-CHANGE ,SEASONAL SUCCESSION ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,limnology ,plankton ,NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION ,UNDER-ICE ,Plankton ,seasonal ,Snow ,WINTER LIMNOLOGY ,PLANKTON SUCCESSION ,Lakes ,13. Climate action ,FRESH-WATER LAKES ,COVERED LAKES ,1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology ,Environmental science ,Seasons ,long‐term ,time series ,500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften ,Biologie::577 Ökologie ,COMMUNITY STRUCTURE ,winter ecology - Abstract
Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer 'growing seasons'. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under-ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter-summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake-specific, species-specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass. National Science Foundation (NSF DEB) [1431428, 1136637]; Washington State University; Russian Science Foundation [14-14-00400]; Ministry of education and science of Russia Gos-Zasanie project [1354-2014/51]; Natural Environment Research Council [NE/J00829X/1, 1230750, NE/G019622/1, NE/J010227/1] Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF DEB #1431428; NSF DEB #1136637) and Washington State University. M. Timofeyev and E. Silow were partially supported by Russian Science Foundation project No 14-14-00400 and Ministry of education and science of Russia Gos-Zasanie project No 1354-2014/51. We are grateful to Marianne Moore, Deniz Ozkundakci, Chris Polashenski and Paula Kankaala for discussions that greatly improved this work. We also gratefully acknowledge the following individuals for contributing to this project: John Anderson, Jill Baron, Rick Bourbonniere, Sandra Brovold, Lluis Camarero, Sudeep Chandra, Jim Cotner, Laura Forsstom, Guillaume Grosbois, Chris Harrod, Klaus D. Joehnk, T.Y. Kim, Daniel Langenhaun, Reet Laugaste, Suzanne McGowan, Virginia Panizzo, Giampaolo Rossetti, R.E.H. Smith, Sarah Spaulding, Helen Tammert, Steve Thackeray, Kyle Zimmer, Priit Zingel and two anonymous reviewers. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
- Published
- 2017
57. Paired O2–CO2 measurements provide emergent insights into aquatic ecosystem function.
- Author
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Vachon, Dominic, Sadro, Steven, Bogard, Matthew J., Lapierre, Jean‐François, Baulch, Helen M., Rusak, James A., Denfeld, Blaize A., Laas, Alo, Klaus, Marcus, Karlsson, Jan, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., and Giorgio, Paul A.
- Subjects
- *
ECOSYSTEMS , *CARBON dioxide - Abstract
Scientific Significance Statement: Metabolic stoichiometry predicts that dissolved oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in aquatic ecosystems should covary inversely; however, field observations often diverge from theoretical expectations. Here, we propose a suite of metrics describing this O2 and CO2 decoupling and introduce a conceptual framework for interpreting these metrics within aquatic ecosystems. Within this framework, we interpret cross‐system patterns of high‐frequency O2 and CO2 measurements in 11 northern lakes and extract emergent insights into the metabolic behavior and the simultaneous roles of chemical and physical forcing in shaping ecosystem processes. This approach leverages the power of high‐frequency paired O2–CO2 measurements, and yields a novel, integrative aquatic system typology which can also be applicable more broadly to streams and rivers, wetlands and marine systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
58. Sediment respiration drives circulation and production of CO 2 in ice‐covered Alaskan arctic lakes
- Author
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MacIntyre, Sally, primary, Cortés, Alicia, additional, and Sadro, Steven, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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59. Low Levels of Allochthony in Consumers Across Three High-Elevation Lake Types
- Author
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Vlah, Michael J., primary, Holtgrieve, Gordon W., additional, and Sadro, Steven, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
60. Ecology under lake ice
- Author
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Hampton, Stephanie E., primary, Galloway, Aaron W. E., additional, Powers, Stephen M., additional, Ozersky, Ted, additional, Woo, Kara H., additional, Batt, Ryan D., additional, Labou, Stephanie G., additional, O'Reilly, Catherine M., additional, Sharma, Sapna, additional, Lottig, Noah R., additional, Stanley, Emily H., additional, North, Rebecca L., additional, Stockwell, Jason D., additional, Adrian, Rita, additional, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., additional, Arvola, Lauri, additional, Baulch, Helen M., additional, Bertani, Isabella, additional, Bowman, Larry L., additional, Carey, Cayelan C., additional, Catalan, Jordi, additional, Colom‐Montero, William, additional, Domine, Leah M., additional, Felip, Marisol, additional, Granados, Ignacio, additional, Gries, Corinna, additional, Grossart, Hans‐Peter, additional, Haberman, Juta, additional, Haldna, Marina, additional, Hayden, Brian, additional, Higgins, Scott N., additional, Jolley, Jeff C., additional, Kahilainen, Kimmo K., additional, Kaup, Enn, additional, Kehoe, Michael J., additional, MacIntyre, Sally, additional, Mackay, Anson W., additional, Mariash, Heather L., additional, McKay, Robert M., additional, Nixdorf, Brigitte, additional, Nõges, Peeter, additional, Nõges, Tiina, additional, Palmer, Michelle, additional, Pierson, Don C., additional, Post, David M., additional, Pruett, Matthew J., additional, Rautio, Milla, additional, Read, Jordan S., additional, Roberts, Sarah L., additional, Rücker, Jacqueline, additional, Sadro, Steven, additional, Silow, Eugene A., additional, Smith, Derek E., additional, Sterner, Robert W., additional, Swann, George E. A., additional, Timofeyev, Maxim A., additional, Toro, Manuel, additional, Twiss, Michael R., additional, Vogt, Richard J., additional, Watson, Susan B., additional, Whiteford, Erika J., additional, and Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., additional
- Published
- 2016
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61. Climate warming response of mountain lakes affected by variations in snow.
- Author
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Sadro, Steven, Melack, John M., Sickman, James O., and Skeen, Kevin
- Subjects
- *
SNOW , *GLOBAL warming - Abstract
Our objectives were to determine how temperatures in mountain lakes respond to changes in climate and to characterize how their responses are mediated by landscape or lake morphometric factors. Our analysis combines the use of high‐frequency climate and lake temperature data from 1983 to 2016 in a high‐elevation catchment in the Sierra Nevada of California with summer water temperature data from a set of 18 additional lakes scattered throughout the range. Average annual air temperatures warmed at 0.63°C decade−1, but variation in lake temperature was driven primarily by amount of precipitation as snow. By regulating the duration of ice cover and volume of inflowing spring snowmelt, variation in snowpack size accounted for 93% of variation in summer epilimnetic temperatures. The effect of snow on lake temperatures was mediated by variation in elevation and lake depth at landscape scales, creating a predictable mosaic of lake sensitivities to climate warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
62. Sediment respiration drives circulation and production of CO2 in ice‐covered Alaskan arctic lakes.
- Author
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MacIntyre, Sally, Cortés, Alicia, and Sadro, Steven
- Subjects
CARBON dioxide & the environment ,LAKES - Abstract
The goals of our study were to (1) quantify production of CO2 during winter ice‐cover in arctic lakes, (2) develop methodologies which would enable prediction of CO2 production from readily measured variables, and (3) improve understanding of under‐ice circulation as it influences the distribution of dissolved gases under the ice. To that end, we combined in situ measurements with profile data. CO2 production averaged 20 mg C m−2 d−1 in a 3 m deep lake and ∼ 45 mg C m−2 d−1 in four larger lakes, similar to experimental observations at temperatures below 4°C. CO2 production was predicted by the initial rate of loss of oxygen near the sediments at ice‐on and by the full water column loss of oxygen throughout the winter. The time series data also showed the lake‐size and time dependent contribution of sediment respiration to under‐ice circulation and the decreased near‐bottom flows enabling anoxia and CH4 accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
63. Physicochemical and biological responses of streams to wildfire severity in riparian zones
- Author
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Cooper, Scott D., primary, Page, Henry M., additional, Wiseman, Sheila W., additional, Klose, Kristie, additional, Bennett, Danuta, additional, Even, Thomas, additional, Sadro, Steven, additional, Nelson, Craig E., additional, and Dudley, Thomas L., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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64. Variation in reciprocal subsidies between lakes and land: perspectives from the mountains of California1.
- Author
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Piovia-Scott, Jonah, Sadro, Steven, Knapp, Roland A., Sickman, James, Pope, Karen L., and Chandra, Sudeep
- Subjects
- *
LAKE ecology , *HABITATS , *LAKES , *ALTITUDES , *AMPHIBIAN ecology , *MOUNTAINS - Abstract
Lakes are connected to surrounding terrestrial habitats by reciprocal flows of energy and nutrients. We synthesize data from California's mountain lake catchments to investigate how these reciprocal subsidies change along an elevational gradient and with the introduction of a top aquatic predator. At lower elevations, well-developed terrestrial vegetation provides relatively large inputs of organic material to lakes, whereas at higher elevations, the paucity of terrestrial vegetation provides minimal organic input but allows for higher inputs of inorganic nitrogen. There are also pronounced elevational patterns in amphibians and aquatic insects, which represent important vectors for resource flows from lakes back to land. The introduction of trout can reduce this lake-to-land resource transfer, as trout consume amphibians and aquatic insects. We propose a conceptual model in which within-lake processes influence terrestrial consumers at higher elevations, while terrestrial inputs govern within-lake processes at lower elevations. This model contributes to a more general understanding of the connections between aquatic and terrestrial habitats in complex landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
65. Variation in reciprocal subsidies between lakes and land: perspectives from the mountains of California1.
- Author
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Piovia-Scott, Jonah, Sadro, Steven, Knapp, Roland A., Sickman, James, Pope, Karen L., and Chandra, Sudeep
- Subjects
LAKE ecology ,HABITATS ,LAKES ,ALTITUDES ,AMPHIBIAN ecology ,MOUNTAINS - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
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66. IS IT TIME TO REDEFINE THE “ALTERNATIVE” CAREER PATH FOR ECOLOGISTS?
- Author
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Hansen, Gretchen J. A., primary, Sadro, Steven, additional, Baustian, Melissa M., additional, and Stauffer, Beth A., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
67. Physicochemical and biological responses of streams to wildfire severity in riparian zones.
- Author
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Cooper, Scott D., Page, Henry M., Wiseman, Sheila W., Klose, Kristie, Bennett, Danuta, Even, Thomas, Sadro, Steven, Nelson, Craig E., and Dudley, Thomas L.
- Subjects
RIPARIAN areas ,COMMUNITY organization ,SUSPENDED sediments ,ECOLOGICAL disturbances ,WILDFIRES ,RIVER ecology - Abstract
We investigated the effects of a wildfire on stream physical, chemical and biological characteristics in a Mediterranean climate, comparing stream community structure and consumer resource use in burned versus unburned catchments in Santa Barbara County, CA, U.S.A., Canopy cover was lower and water temperature was higher in streams draining basins where the riparian vegetation burned than in streams in unburned basins or burned basins where riparian vegetation remained intact. Stream flow and suspended sediment concentrations during large post-fire storms and wet season nutrient levels were higher in burned than unburned catchments, with increased sedimentation after flood peaks., A year after fires, algal levels were highest in streams where riparian vegetation burned and lowest in streams in burned basins where the riparian canopy remained intact. In contrast, streams in burned basins had lower particulate organic matter, detritivore and predator levels than unburned basins, regardless of whether riparian vegetation burned. Where present, southern California steelhead trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) were extirpated from burned basins., Algivore densities were high in streams with burned riparian vegetation for two post-fire years before declining to unburned stream levels. Shredder densities rebounded in streams in burned basins with intact riparian vegetation, but remained low for 4 years where riparian vegetation burned. Predatory invertebrate densities increased at sites where trout were eliminated by wildfire., Hydrogen stable isotope analysis indicated that the diets of most invertebrate taxa in streams with burned riparian vegetation a year after fires were comprised of a higher proportion of algal material than riparian detritus relative to invertebrates in streams with intact riparian vegetation., Wildfire impacts on stream food webs are determined, in part, by fire severity in the riparian zone. Streams with burned riparian canopies supported algal-based food webs and streams with intact riparian canopies sustained detrital-based food webs. Fire affected basal resources (nutrients, light, allochthonous inputs) with bottom-up effects on primary producers and consumers, but top-down effects were decoupled at the trophic link between invertebrate predators and primary consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
68. The Influence of Landscape Position and Catchment Characteristics on Aquatic Biogeochemistry in High-Elevation Lake-Chains
- Author
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Sadro, Steven, primary, Nelson, Craig E., additional, and Melack, John M., additional
- Published
- 2011
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69. Characterizing patterns of plant distribution in a southern California salt marsh using remotely sensed topographic and hyperspectral data and local tidal fluctuations
- Author
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Sadro, Steven, primary, Gastil-Buhl, Mary, additional, and Melack, John, additional
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
70. Physical and Functional Responses to Experimental Marsh Surface Elevation Manipulation in Coos Bay's South Slough
- Author
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Cornu, Craig E., primary and Sadro, Steven, additional
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
71. Winter Climate and Lake Morphology Control Ice Phenology and Under‐Ice Temperature and Oxygen Regimes in Mountain Lakes
- Author
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Smits, Adrianne P., Gomez, Nicholas W., Dozier, Jeff, and Sadro, Steven
- Abstract
Warming winters will reduce ice cover and change under‐ice conditions in temperate mountain lakes, where snow contributes most of winter cover on lakes. Snow‐dominated mountain lakes are abundant and highly susceptible to climate warming, yet we lack an understanding of how climate variation and local attributes influence winter processes. We investigated climatic and intrinsic controls on ice phenology, water temperature, and bottom‐water dissolved oxygen (DO) in 15 morphologically diverse lakes in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains of California, USA, using high‐frequency measurements from multiple (2–5) winters. We found that ice phenology was determined by winter climate variables (snowfall and air temperature) that influence ice‐off timing, whereas ice‐on timing was relatively invariant among years. Lake size and morphology mediated the effect of climate on lake temperature and DO dynamics in early and late winter. Rates of hypolimnetic DO decline were highest in small, shallow lakes, and were unrelated to water temperature. Temperature and oxygen dynamics were more variable in small lakes because heavy snowfall caused ice submergence, mixing, and DO replenishment that affected the entire water column. As the persistence of snow declines in temperate mountain regions, autumn, and spring climatic conditions are expected to gain importance in regulating lake ice phenology. Water temperature and DO will likely increase in most lakes during winter as snowpack declines, but morphological attributes such as lake size will determine the sensitivity of ice phenology and under‐ice processes to climate change. Mountain lakes in temperate regions are at risk of losing ice cover as winters become warmer and snowfall decreases. Small mountain lakes are numerous and provide important habitats for aquatic species, yet we currently lack an understanding of what controls ice duration and under‐ice conditions in these snow‐dominated systems because most are remote and inaccessible. We used hourly measurements within a diverse set of California mountain lakes across multiple winters to explore how climate variables and lake or watershed characteristics influence the duration and timing of ice cover, as well as under‐ice temperature and oxygen concentrations. We found that winter snowfall and air temperature controlled the timing of ice breakup and the length of ice duration. Lake size and shape controlled oxygen and temperature immediately after ice formation, but late winter conditions depended on winter climate variables that dictated ice cover duration. Oxygen depletion rates and the prevalence of low oxygen conditions were greater in small, shallow lakes than in large, deep lakes. As winters warm, most mountain lakes will have shorter ice cover, warmer water temperatures, and increased oxygen concentrations, but small and large lakes will respond differently to the loss of snow and ice cover. Winter air temperature and snowfall drive ice‐off timing and ice phenology of temperate mountain lakesLake size and morphology mediate how climate affects water temperature and dissolved oxygen dynamics during early and late winterRates of hypolimnetic oxygen decline are highest in shallow lakes and do not vary with water temperature Winter air temperature and snowfall drive ice‐off timing and ice phenology of temperate mountain lakes Lake size and morphology mediate how climate affects water temperature and dissolved oxygen dynamics during early and late winter Rates of hypolimnetic oxygen decline are highest in shallow lakes and do not vary with water temperature
- Published
- 2021
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72. Citizen science shows systematic changes in the temperature difference between air and inland waters with global warming
- Author
-
Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., MacKay, Murray, Stockwell, Jason D., Thiery, Wim, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Augusto-Silva, Pétala B., Baulch, Helen M., de Eyto, Elvira, Hejzlar, Josef, Kangur, Külli, Kirillin, Georgiy, Pierson, Don C., Rusak, James A., Sadro, Steven, and Woolway, R. Iestyn
- Subjects
13. Climate action ,Carbon cycle ,Climate-change impacts - Abstract
Citizen science projects have a long history in ecological studies. The research usefulness of such projects is dependent on applying simple and standardized methods. Here, we conducted a citizen science project that involved more than 3500 Swedish high school students to examine the temperature difference between surface water and the overlying air (Tw-Ta) as a proxy for sensible heat flux (QH). If QH is directed upward, corresponding to positive Tw-Ta, it can enhance CO2 and CH4 emissions from inland waters, thereby contributing to increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The students found mostly negative Tw-Ta across small ponds, lakes, streams/rivers and the sea shore (i.e. downward QH), with Tw-Ta becoming increasingly negative with increasing Ta. Further examination of Tw-Ta using high-frequency temperature data from inland waters across the globe confirmed that Tw-Ta is linearly related to Ta. Using the longest available high-frequency temperature time series from Lake Erken, Sweden, we found a rapid increase in the occasions of negative Tw-Ta with increasing annual mean Ta since 1989. From these results, we can expect that ongoing and projected global warming will result in increasingly negative Tw-Ta, thereby reducing CO2 and CH4 transfer velocities from inland waters into the atmosphere., Scientific Reports, 7, ISSN:2045-2322
73. Deeper waters are changing less consistently than surface waters in a global analysis of 102 lakes
- Author
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Adamovich, Boris V., Adrian, Rita, Anneville, Orlane, Chandra, Sudeep, Colom-Montero, William, Devlin, Shawn P., Dix, Margaret A., Dokulil, Martin T., Gaiser, Evelyn E., Girdner, Scott F., Hambright, K. David, Hamilton, David P., Havens, Karl E., Hessen, Dag O., Higgins, Scott, Huttula, Timo, Huuskonen, Hannu, Isles, Peter D.F., Joehnk, Klaus D., Jones, Ian, Keller, Wendel, Knoll, Lesley B., Korhonen, Johanna, Kraemer, Benjamin M., Leavitt, Peter R., Lepori, Fabio, Luger, Martin S., Maberly, Stephen, Melack, John M., Melles, Stephanie J., Müller-Navarra, Dörthe C., Pierson, Donald, Pislegina, Helena V., Plisnier, Pierre-Denis, Richardson, David C., Rogora, Michela, Rusak, James A., Sadro, Steven, Salmaso, Nico, Saros, Jasmine E., Saulnier-Talbot, Emilie, Schindler, Daniel E., Schmid, Martin, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., Silow, Eugene A., Sitoki, Lewis M., Sommaruga, Ruben, Straile, Dietmar, Strock, Kristin E., Thiery, Wim, Verburg, Piet, Vinebrooke, Rolf D., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., and Zadereev, Egor S.
- Subjects
13. Climate action ,Limnology ,Freshwater ecology ,6. Clean water - Abstract
Globally, lake surface water temperatures have warmed rapidly relative to air temperatures, but changes in deepwater temperatures and vertical thermal structure are still largely unknown. We have compiled the most comprehensive data set to date of long-term (1970–2009) summertime vertical temperature profiles in lakes across the world to examine trends and drivers of whole-lake vertical thermal structure. We found significant increases in surface water temperatures across lakes at an average rate of + 0.37 °C decade−1, comparable to changes reported previously for other lakes, and similarly consistent trends of increasing water column stability (+ 0.08 kg m−3 decade−1). In contrast, however, deepwater temperature trends showed little change on average (+ 0.06 °C decade−1), but had high variability across lakes, with trends in individual lakes ranging from − 0.68 °C decade−1 to + 0.65 °C decade−1. The variability in deepwater temperature trends was not explained by trends in either surface water temperatures or thermal stability within lakes, and only 8.4% was explained by lake thermal region or local lake characteristics in a random forest analysis. These findings suggest that external drivers beyond our tested lake characteristics are important in explaining long-term trends in thermal structure, such as local to regional climate patterns or additional external anthropogenic influences., Scientific Reports, 10 (1), ISSN:2045-2322
74. Ecology under lake ice.
- Author
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Hampton SE, Galloway AW, Powers SM, Ozersky T, Woo KH, Batt RD, Labou SG, O'Reilly CM, Sharma S, Lottig NR, Stanley EH, North RL, Stockwell JD, Adrian R, Weyhenmeyer GA, Arvola L, Baulch HM, Bertani I, Bowman LL Jr, Carey CC, Catalan J, Colom-Montero W, Domine LM, Felip M, Granados I, Gries C, Grossart HP, Haberman J, Haldna M, Hayden B, Higgins SN, Jolley JC, Kahilainen KK, Kaup E, Kehoe MJ, MacIntyre S, Mackay AW, Mariash HL, McKay RM, Nixdorf B, Nõges P, Nõges T, Palmer M, Pierson DC, Post DM, Pruett MJ, Rautio M, Read JS, Roberts SL, Rücker J, Sadro S, Silow EA, Smith DE, Sterner RW, Swann GE, Timofeyev MA, Toro M, Twiss MR, Vogt RJ, Watson SB, Whiteford EJ, and Xenopoulos MA
- Subjects
- Seasons, Ecosystem, Ice Cover, Lakes, Plankton physiology
- Abstract
Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer 'growing seasons'. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under-ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter-summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake-specific, species-specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass., (© 2016 The Authors. Ecology Letters published by CNRS and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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