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Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Colectiva is the property of Instituto de Salud Colectiva Universidad Nacional de Lanus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this research was to analyse the association between successful aging (SA) and subjective well-being (SWB) in different domains. Method: The study is quantitative and cross-sectional, with a sample consisting of 800 older people, including 569 indigenous (Aymara and Mapuche) participants living in northern and southern Chile. Results: Domains associated with SA are satisfaction with health, satisfaction with social relationships, satisfaction with future security, and satisfaction with spiritual and religious experiences. SA is also positively associated with being a woman, being young, and not being indigenous. Conclusion: The research has two main practical implications. First, SWB domains may be incorporated into socio-health interventions as they relate to elements that can be changed or improved (health, social inclusion, security, and beliefs). Second, this study suggests a situation of risk among older indigenous Chileans, confirming the premise that the life paths of indigenous Chileans at social risk give rise to a more socially unequal old age with; therefore, it is important to analyse positive aspects that promote better old age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE is the property of Revista de Enfermagem UFPE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) measures quality of life in menopausal women. It compounds of three dimensions that assess somatic, psychological and urogenital menopausal-related symptoms. However, the validity of the scales may vary according to population characteristics, and there are no validations to date of MRS in American indigenous population. To assess the validity of MRS in Indigenous Colombian women during menopause. A research was done a sample of 914 indigenous women, 507 postmenopausal women and 407 premenopausal. They were between 40-49 years-old, with a mean age of 59.3 ± 5.9years. MRS was applied to all enrolled women. Cronbach's alpha was applied for the original proposed dimensions, and the dimensions from the results of factor analysis and maximum likelihood methods. A Promax rotation was applied to analysis. MRS showed a Cronbach's alpha: 0.86. The somatic dimension: 0.63, the psychological dimension: 0.75, and urogenital: 0.84. Score was greater in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal, 14.4 (±SD, 6.4) versus 8.4 (±SD, 5.9) (P

Through the analysis of different elements of the nutritional dynamics in a predominantly indigenous municipality in Guerrero, Mexico, we explore the relevance of the concept of itineraries of nutritional neglect in order to broaden the understanding of avoidable health damage. In the framework of a process of accompaniment of the Health Commission of the Regional Coordination of Community Authorities - Community Police, the following methodological strategies were applied throughout the year 2015: a) a review of official programs by means of the analysis of technical documents and interviews with health personnel; b) the compilation of local narratives from families of undernourished children through interviews and participatory observation; c) the somatometric measurement of 151 children in three elementary schools. We highlight the technical and cultural inadequacy of official nutrition programs and the existence of different scales (individual, familial, community, state, structural) and dimensions (economic, environmental, cultural, institutional, affective-emotional) of neglect, materialized in high rates of chronic undernourishment.

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência de deficiências visual, auditiva e motora e estimar a chance de se ter uma das três deficiências, separadamente, segundo grau de severidade, para a população indígena no Brasil. Os dados foram retirados do Censo Demográfico de 2010 coletados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os métodos utilizados incluem a padronização direta para o cálculo das prevalências e modelos de regressão logística multinomial. Os resultados padronizados mostram que homens e mulheres indígenas apresentam a maior prevalência em cada uma das deficiências examinadas neste trabalho, sendo a única exceção a deficiência visual de grau leve entre as mulheres. Os resultados dos modelos de regressão multinomial mostram uma desvantagem relativa dos povos indígenas em quase todos os tipos de deficiência.

Resumo: Descrever o estado nutricional e as condições ambientais e de saúde das crianças Pataxó de cinco aldeias de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O estado nutricional foi classificado com base no peso e estatura/comprimento, tendo como referência o padrão de crescimento da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Questionários baseados no I Inquérito Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição dos Povos Indígenas foram utilizados para a avaliação das condições ambientais dos domicílios e de saúde dos menores de cinco anos. Dos 70 menores de dez anos avaliados (93,3%), 34 tinham menos de cinco anos. Não se observaram déficits nutricionais e sobrepeso foi registrado para 11,4% das crianças. A maioria das crianças (74,3%) vivia em domicílios com energia elétrica, 95% em domicílios com latrina/sanitário e 52,9% lançavam dejetos em fossa séptica. A realização de seis ou mais consultas de pré-natal foi reportada por 82,4% das mães dos menores de cinco anos, e 91,2% iniciaram o pré-natal no primeiro trimestre de gestação. Dentre as causas de internações hospitalares nos últimos 12 meses (23,5%), somente uma foi devido à diarreia e nenhuma por causa de infecções respiratórias. Foram verificadas coberturas universais para a maioria das vacinas avaliadas. A inexistência de déficits nutricionais entre as crianças Pataxó pode estar associada às melhores condições de habitação, saneamento e cobertura das ações básicas de saúde infantil quando comparadas às condições verificadas no I Inquérito Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição dos Povos Indígenas e de estudos pontuais. Este trabalho pretende subsidiar discussões e ações que visem a melhorias do estado nutricional infantil dos indígenas no Brasil.

O Programa PET-Saúde foi lançado em 2009 e é uma iniciativa para melhorar o ensino, mediante práticas de promoção em saúde. O PET-Saúde Indígena faz parte desse contexto e é composto por um grupo de acadêmicos dos cursos da saúde da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Brasil, com supervisão de preceptores. O grupo realiza ações nas aldeias no Município de Tocantínia, na comunidade indígena Akwẽ-Xerente. Esse povo vem sofrendo redução em sua população, além do crescente aumento do uso de álcool e de doenças crônicas. Em 2013, O Ministério da Saúde lançou o programa Mais Médicos a fim de garantir o aumento de médicos em regiões prioritárias, e as aldeias em estudo foram incluídas. Dessa maneira, o artigo aborda a experiência dos acadêmicos de medicina no contato com esses profissionais por meio das atividades de ação em saúde nas aldeias.

Resumo O artigo sintetiza resultados de pesquisa etnográfica sobre a atuação dos agentes indígenas de saúde (AIS) na Terra Indígena (TI) Kwatá-Laranjal, Município de Borba, Amazonas, Brasil. Visa a contribuir para a compreensão do papel dos AIS frente à expansão do modelo médico hegemônico em contexto de pluralidade médica. A análise inclui dados de observação participante e entrevistas realizadas de 2009 a 2011. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas com objetivo de registrar narrativas sobre a rotina, experiências e dificuldades no trabalho. Concluímos que a atuação dos AIS é essencial para a atenção primária, e seu papel transcende atividades estritamente técnicas. O AIS Munduruku ocupa posição central na articulação entre saberes indígenas e biomédicos em contextos de intermedicalidade e emerge como um novo ator político em contextos interétnicos.

Resumo A proposta deste trabalho é discutir como o povo indígena Sanumá, subgrupo da família linguística Yanomami, localizado no norte do Estado de Roraima, Brasil, atua e se relaciona com a política pública de atenção à saúde indígena. Missionários, funcionários de organizações não governamentais e do Estado brasileiro são os agentes com quem os Sanumá tiveram que lidar ao longo da implementação de uma política de atenção à saúde. A etnografia da trajetória dessa inter-relação, permeada por momentos de surtos epidêmicos, conflitos e tentativas de trabalho em conjunto, levanta questões acerca da implementação de serviços de saúde em áreas indígenas.

ResumoObjetivo:Descrever as condições de vida e saúde de idosos Kaingang da Terra Indígena Faxinal - Paraná.Métodos:Estudo qualitativo, apoiado no método etnográfico, realizado com 28 idosos Kaingang. Os dados foram coletados entre novembro de 2010 e fevereiro de 2013 por intermédio da observação participante, analisados por meio da etnografia.Resultados:Os idosos possuem organização sociocultural específica, vivem em casas construídas pelo governo, possuem energia elétrica e água encanada. São fisicamente ativos, independentes, tem alimentação rica em carboidratos e gorduras saturadas. É frequente que os idosos façam tentativas de atender seus problemas de saúde no contexto familiar antes de procurar o serviço de saúde.Conclusão:É necessário adotar propostas voltadas para a melhoria das condições de vida e saúde do idoso, considerando as especificidades culturais dos indígenas, para que as intervenções sejam mais eficazes.

OBJECTIVEDescribing how Kaingang seniors and their primary caregivers experience access to public health services.METHODA qualitative study guided by ethnography, conducted with 28 elderly and 19 caregivers. Data were collected between November 2010 and February 2013 through interviews and participative observation analyzed by ethnography.RESULTSThe study revealed the benefits and difficulties of the elderly access to health services, the facility to obtain health care resources such as appointments, medications and routine procedures, and the difficulties such as special assistance service problems and delays in the dispatching process between reference services.CONCLUSIONThe importance of knowing and understanding the cultural specificities of the group in order to offer greater opportunities for the elderly access to health services was reinforced.

Introducción: Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de identificar determinantes sociales de mortalidad infantil en zonas rurales en México, y recomendar estrategias para disminuir esta mortalidad. Métodos: Se tomó una muestra por conveniencia de 16 municipios de bajo índice de desarrollo humano. Se identificaron fallecimientos de menores de un año de edad a través de registros oficiales y de entrevistas con autoridades civiles, personal de salud y líderes comunitarios. También se realizaron entrevistas a las madres de menores fallecidos. Resultados: En casi todos los casos confluyeron determinantes intermedios relacionados con condiciones de vida y servicios de salud. Los eslabones críticos de la atención más frecuentes fueron el de los programas preventivos, y la demora de mayor ocurrencia fue en la provisión de atención en las unidades de salud. Se encontraron deficiencias en las políticas públicas intersectoriales que garanticen el acceso efectivo a los servicios. Conclusiones: Para reducir la mortalidad infantil en áreas rurales de México, es imprescindible mejorar el acceso geográfico y cultural a los servicios de salud, así como incrementar los recursos y las competencias técnicas y de interculturalidad del personal de salud.

Objective. To identify and summarize existing literature on the burden of HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and viral hepatitis (VH) in indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants in Latin America to provide a broad panorama of the quantitative data available and highlight problematic data gaps. Methods. Published and grey literature were systematically reviewed to identify documents published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese with data collected between January 2000 and April 2016 on HIV, STI, and VH disease burden among indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants in 17 Latin American countries. Results. Sixty-two documents from 12 countries were found. HIV prevalence was generally low (< 1%) but pockets of high prevalence (> 5%) were noted in some indigenous communities in Venezuela (Warao) (9.6%), Peru (Chayahuita) (7.5%), and Colombia (Wayuu females) (7.0%). High active syphilis prevalence (> 5%) was seen in some indigenous communities in Paraguay (11.6% and 9.7%) and Peru (Chayahuita) (6.3%). High endemicity (> 8%) of hepatitis B was found in some indigenous peoples in Mexico (Huichol) (9.4%) and Venezuela (Yanomami: 14.3%; Japreira: 29.5%) and among Afro-descendant quilombola populations in Brazil (Frechal: 12.5%; Furnas do Dionísio: 8.4% in 2008, 9.2% in 2003). Conclusions. The gaps in existing data on the burden of HIV, STIs, and VH in indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants in Latin America highlight the need to 1) improve national surveillance, by systematically collecting and analyzing ethnicity variables, and implementing integrated biobehavioral studies using robust methodologies and culturally sensitive strategies; 2) develop a region-wide response policy that considers the needs of indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants; and 3) implement an intercultural approach to health and service delivery to eliminate health access barriers and improve health outcomes for these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Colectiva is the property of Instituto de Salud Colectiva Universidad Nacional de Lanus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Brazil, the right to health claimed by indigenous peoples interacts with various regulatory milestones, including the Alma-Ata Declaration, which proposes and highlights primary health care (PHC) as a means to increase access and minimize health inequalities. As part of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), an indigenous health subsystem (SASI) was established, along with a National Policy for the Care of Indigenous Peoples (PNASPI), as a strategy to ensure health care access for these populations. PNASPI aims to provide differentiated health care to indigenous populations, considering the sociocultural diversity and the epidemiological and logistic peculiarities associated with the care of these peoples and focusing on the provision of comprehensive care. The present article discusses the implementation of PNASPI, highlighting achievements and challenges faced during this process. Despite the growing financial resources made available for the implementation of the indigenous health subsystem, the initiatives developed thus far have had little impact on health indicators, which reflect historical inequalities in relation to other population segments. Indigenous social control is still fragile, and the discussions in this arena show the dissatisfaction of users toward the system. The discontinuity of care, added to the shortage of and high turnover of health care workers and the need to establish intercultural dialogues that promote articulation with traditional knowledges, challenge the effectiveness of PNASPI. Care is still centered on palliative and emergency measures, usually based on relocation of patients for treatment, which is associated with high cost. To overcome these challenges, PHC must be strengthened and recognized as a regulatory milestone by the PNASPI organizational model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To review the literature regarding the access to primary health care (PHC) by indigenous communities in South America, identifying the main access barriers. Method. Integrative review of articles published from 2007 to 2017 in the LILACS, PubMed, and SciELO databases. The search terms "indigenous AND health AND Brazil" and "indigenous AND health NOT Brazil" were used in Portuguese and English. Articles published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish, focusing strictly on PHC and on South-American indigenous populations were included. Results. Forty articles describing aspects of PHC for indigenous populations in eight countries -- Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Ecuador -- were included. The main barriers to accessing PHC were the difficulty of reaching the health care facilities closest to villages; difficulty in communicating with health care professionals; inadequate transportation to the health care units; lack of epidemiological data on indigenous villages; lack of information regarding local indigenous cultures; and fear of discrimination or humiliation on the part of indigenous patients. Conclusions. Studies regarding the health of indigenous populations in South America are scarce. It is evident that national health systems still need to advance towards an intercultural medicine that respects the social, cultural, and economic realities of all communities, with knowledge and consideration for different forms of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concern for culturally appropriate and intercultural care, based on the articulation and complementarity among health knowledges, has been a priority for ensuring primary health care for indigenous peoples since the Alma-Ata Conference. In Brazil, a country with significant sociocultural variety in the South American indigenous context, a National Policy for the Care of Indigenous Peoples (PNASPI) was established 16 years ago, focusing on the notion of differentiated care. This concept, considered incomplete and contradictory, has been variably operationalized in indigenous primary health care. Therefore, the present article proposes an analysis of the formulation and operationalization of this concept in PNASPI. The analysis brings to light the ethnocentric nature of PNASPI, the numerous contradictions and oversights that fail to encompass the interchange and articulation with traditional knowledges and the indigenous emic views of health and the processes of illness/cure. The reversal of these limitations will require greater reflexivity, problematization, and epistemological surveillance of both the social and political sciences as well as social movements and indigenous social control to redefine indigenous primary health care in Brazil in intercultural terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To identify the knowledge of Haliti- Pares' children about hantaviruses through artistic expressions. Method: This is a descriptive-interpretative and qualitative study conducted with nine children of the Haliti- Paresí ethnicity through art therapy. The analysis of the design was performed using the single analysis recording technique. Results: We analyzed 14 graphic records of nine children in three categories: physical and social environment, knowledge about the transmission of hantaviruses and knowledge about the disease/lethality. In the artistic expressions the presence of the reservoir of the disease was observed and the clinical severity with hospitalization images. Conclusion: The artistic productions of the children revealed the importance of educational and preventive measures that contribute to the improvement of the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad Nacional de Salud Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This cross-sectional study describes the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP; measured at one setting, and suggestive of a clinical diagnosis of arterial hypertension) and mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and their associations with socio-demographic and anthropometric variables among 355 Kaingang adults (≥ 20 years) on the Xapecó Indigenous Land in Brazil. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), SBP, and DBP were measured and socio-demographic data were collected. Prevalence of HBP was 53.2% (95%CI: 45.3; 61.1) in men and 40.7% (95%CI: 33.8; 47.6) in women. In women, age and WC were directly associated with HBP; age was associated with SBP and schooling with DBP. In men, HBP was statistically associated with high body mass index (BMI) and tile floor in the home (as a socioeconomic proxy); BMI and WC were associated with SBP; BMI and WC were associated with DBP. The study highlights the need for measures to control risk factors for HBP, especially due to its relevance for cardiovascular diseases and their consequences.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a prevalência das atipias citológicas e infecção pelo papilomavírus humano em mulheres indígenas Panará no período de 2006 a 2007. Trata-se de estudo observacional transversal, com dados obtidos por coleta de amostras cérvico-vaginais para colpocitologia oncótica e captura híbrida, exame de colposcopia e biópsia. O trabalho incluiu 86 mulheres com idades de 12 anos ou mais, com história de vida sexual ativa ou pregressa. Os resultados mostraram que 10,7% das mulheres tinham atipias citológicas e que 28,6% estavam infectadas pelo HPV de alto risco oncogênico, principalmente entre as mais jovens (média = 25,6 anos). Dessas, 41,7% foram positivas para um ou mais dos tipos de HPV de alto risco dos genótipos 16, 18 ou 45, e a maioria, 58,3%, para outros tipos de HPV de alto risco. Conclui-se que é uma população especial, susceptível ao desenvolvimento das lesões precursoras do câncer do colo do útero e vulnerável às DST. Medidas preventivas como o rastreamento populacional sistemático para o câncer cervical e imunização contra o HPV são necessárias.

Este estudo objetivou compreender as práticas de cuidado dos profissionais de saúde que assistem os idosos Kaingang. Estudo qualitativo, apoiado na etnografia, realizado com dez profissionais à que atuam na atenção primária saúde da Terra Indígena Faxinal, Paraná, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados no período de novembro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2012 por meio da observação participante e entrevistas, e, analisados à luz da Teoria Transcultural do Cuidado. Identificaram-se como práticas de cuidado a medicação e imunização, bem como, cuidados da medicina tradicional. Para realização destes cuidados, os profissionais dispunham de estratégias que proporcionavam manutenção dos idosos na assistência. Conclui-se que valores culturais e científicos necessitam integrar a assistência para melhoria da saúde dos idosos indígenas.

Há poucos estudos sobre o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) em escolas indígenas no país. O objetivo do presente artigo é descrever características de funcionamento, gestão e cardápios do PNAE de todas as 35 escolas Kaingáng do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em estudo transversal, as informações do PNAE foram recolhidas por meio de questionários aplicados a cada Coordenadoria Regional de Educação (CRE) e às escolas. Foram obtidos os cardápios sugeridos pelas CREs às escolas. Não existia o Núcleo de Educação Indígena nas CREs. Todos os vice-diretores eram indígenas, 26 escolas (74,6%) tinham gestão escolarizada e 34 escolas (97,1%) compravam alimentos de mercados próximos. A maioria das merendeiras (62,9%) tinha contrato de trabalho temporário e 65,7% eram indígenas. Observou-se baixa oferta de verduras/legumes e de leite e derivados em cerca de 60% dos cardápios, o mesmo ocorrendo com leguminosas e frutas em cerca de 80% destes. Aponta-se a necessidade de mais estudos sobre o PNAE indígena e pretende-se subsidiar políticas públicas de saúde, alimentação e nutrição para o espaço escolar indígena nacional.

No Brasil, o Programa Telessaúde Brasil Redes na atenção à saúde indígena é uma das estratégias para auxiliar na fixação de profissionais em áreas remotas e fortalecer a assistência à população indígena. O estudo objetivou analisar a implantação do programa voltado para a saúde indígena, com base na visão dos gestores. É um estudo exploratório descritivo com abordagem qualitativa (análise documental e entrevistas não estruturadas com dez gestores) e a análise de conteúdo resultou em duas categorias: o processo de implantação do programa e as potencialidades da telessaúde na atenção à saúde indígena. Os resultados recomendam o diálogo entre as instituições envolvidas e a construção de um espaço democrático visando à avaliação desse processo e à tomada de decisão sobre o caminho a seguir: retomada da implantação e consequente expansão da telessaúde, a melhoria de dispositivos já disponíveis e/ou a busca de outras estratégias viáveis para o contexto da saúde indígena. Além disso, sugere-se que o tema seja objeto de amplo debate nas instâncias indígenas de controle social.

Objective. To discuss the role of indigenous health agents in the implementation of the model of differentiated attention or intercultural health in Brazil. Materials and methods. We revised the scientific literature about the work and professional education of indigenous health agents in the Brazilian indigenous health system. Results. There is a subordination of the agents to the hegemonic medical model. With regards to professional education, we observe the absence and irregularity of these processes, with a general emphasis the biomedicine. There are conflicts with the health team and community, with devaluation of the agents. The agent does not plays the role of mediator between the different health knowledge and practices. Conclusions. We suggest that the discussion of the model of differentiated attention should strengthen the relationship between the health system and the selfcare.

This article, based on ethnographic research on the Xapecó Indigenous Reservation in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, examines the sociocultural context of the use of alcoholic beverages among the Kaingang indigenous people. The authors also discuss the experience with an intervention involving government agencies and nongovernmental organizations that attempted to deal with alcohol-related problems on the reserve. Based on the concepts of alcoholization and self-care practices, the study analyzes the possibilities for organizing health intervention practices with indigenous peoples, in light of the principle of differentiated care under Brazil’s National Healthcare Policy for Indigenous Peoples.

O presente Fórum sobre Saúde e Povos Indígenas no Brasil explora os desafios contemporâneos para a saúde indígena e políticas de saúde no Brasil. O pequeno conjunto de artigos que se seguem são baseados em palestras, originalmente realizadas em painel do Grupo de Trabalho em Saúde Indígena, por ocasião do 10o Congresso Brasileiro de Saúde Coletiva no Rio Grande do Sul, pelos professores Carlos E. A. Coimbra Jr. (Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz), Marina Denise Cardoso (Universidade Federal de São Carlos) e Eliana E. Diehl (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), com Marcos A. Pellegrini (Universidade Federal de Roraima). Nesta breve Introdução apresento as contribuições ao Fórum, tomando como ponto de referência um exemplo local de iniquidade nos cuidados à saúde derivado da apresentação realizada no mesmo painel por Paulo F. Supretaprã, liderança comunitária indígena da aldeia Etênhiritipá no Mato Grosso.

A configuração atual da saúde dos povos indígenas no Brasil resulta de complexa trajetória histórica, responsável por grandes atrasos para os indígenas em relação aos avanços sociais verificados no país ao longo das últimas décadas, particularmente nos campos da saúde, educação, habitação e saneamento. O principal foco dessa contribuição é rever sinteticamente uma seleção dos principais resultados do I Inquérito Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição Indígena, realizado entre 2008-2009, e que visitou 113 aldeias em todo o país, tendo entrevistado 6.692 mulheres e 6.128 crianças. Dentre os resultados, é dado destaque às deficientes condições de saneamento verificadas nas aldeias, à elevada prevalência de desnutrição crônica, anemia, diarreia e infecções respiratórias agudas na criança, e à emergência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na mulher. O cenário delineado a partir do Inquérito impõe urgente revisão crítica da política de saúde indígena, com vistas a melhor atender às necessidades de saúde do segmento indígena da população brasileira.

O objetivo deste texto é analisar as políticas de saúde para os povos indígenas no Brasil, tendo como marco a Constituição Federal de 1988 e os seus desdobramentos para o atendimento médico-assistencial destas populações. Destacam-se três eixos norteadores para esta análise: o projeto gestor, balizado pelas noções de “autonomia” e “controle social”, mas que traduz certo modo de organização das formas de representação e participação indígenas no plano das políticas públicas estatais; o pressuposto da noção da “atenção diferenciada” para a construção de um modelo assistencial inclusivo, mas operacionalmente normativo; e, por fim, a relação entre o modelo gestor de atenção à saúde indígena e as próprias práticas terapêuticas indígenas.

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