Search

In the postal delivery service, both the standardization of business process and the workload measurement is very important part of saving the cost and improving the efficiency. However, these are not easy to apply to real situation because of the labor-intensive and diversification of delivery environment. In this study, we develop the methodology for the standardization of business process and workload measurement model of the postal delivery service. Firstly, we introduce the work factor analysis on the postal delivery process. Then, we propose the methodology workload measurement model based on diversification of delivery environment.

Video digital door lock(VDDL) system detects people who access to the door and acquires the human image. Design considerations is that current consumption must be minimized by applying fast human detection algorithm because of battery-based operation. Since the digital door lock takes an image through a fixed camera, detection of a person based on background image leads to high degree of reliability. This paper deals with a single human detection algorithm suitable for VDDL with fulfilling these requirements such that it detects a moving object in an image, then identifies whether the object is a person or not using image processing. The proposed image processing algorithm consists of two steps: Firstly, it detects the human image region using both background image and skin color information. Secondly, it identifies the person using polar histogram based on proportional information of human body. Proposed algorithm is implemented in VDDL and is verified the performance through experiments.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between climates, growth characteristic and yield of silage corn at Hanwoo Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science, Daegwallyeong in Gangwon Province located at altitude of 760 m, from 2009 to 2010. The mean minimum temperature was from seeding to harvest in 2009, in 2010, the mean maximum temperature was , , respectively. The mean temperature was in 2009 and in 2010, respectively. Duration of sunshine was 711.3 hours in 2009 and 663.8 hours in 2010, and precipitation was 893.8 mm in 2009 and 752.1 mm in 2010, respectively. In 2009, for all Kwangpyeongok, Gangdaok, Cheonganok, Cheongsaok, Pyeonganok, the early growth was good with 1.2, while in 2010 the growth for Pyeonganok was good with 1.3 comparing to others, which showed worse growth than in the previous year with 2.4~3.0. There was significant difference in the ear height between 2009 and 2010, showing mean value of 85.8 cm and 105 cm for all the species in 2009 and in 2010, respectively (p

The objectives of experiments were to compare directly the effects of synchrony of slowly fermented (corn and corn gluten meal; C-CGM) and of rapidly fermented ingredients (barley and soybean meal; B-SBM) in the rumen on starch disappearances in gastrointestinal tracts (Experiment 1) and growth performance (Experiment 2) of Hanwoo steers in the feedlot barn. In experiment 1, four Hanwoo steers (288 ± 21 kg) fitted with ruminal and "T" shaped duodenal cannula were placed in one pen with Calan gate and assigned randomly to a duplicate 2 × 2 Latin square design. In experiment 2, eight intact Hanwoo steers (311 ± 8 kg) were assigned randomly to one of two pens with Calan gate to evaluate the effect of the same diets as like in experiment 1 on growth performance. There were no differences in ruminal pH, ammonia and total VFA concentrations between treatments. Percentage of apparent ruminal starch disappearance was 33.3% unit lower (p

엘크 녹용의 부위별, 성장일수별 성분변화를 측정하기 위하여 3년생 엘크 6두에서 각각 녹용성장일수 80일과 90일된 녹용을 채취하여 조단백질, 조지방, 조회분, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 아미노산, 지질성분 및 지방산을 분석하였다. 조단백질과 조지방 함량은 성장일수 80일된 녹용이 조회분 함량은 90일된 녹용에 많았으며, 성장일수간 유의차는 중대의 조단백질에서만 인정되었다(p

Because ammonia from livestock production may substantially contribute to environmental pollution, emissions from all possible sources (housing systems, manure storage, manure application, outside grazing) should be reduced. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different bedding materials on ammonia emissions in a cow house. By applying a combination of four treatment types: treatment 1-T1 (sawdust (50%)+sawdust pellets (50%)), treatment 2-T2 (sawdust (50%)+corn stalk pellets (50%)), treatment 3-T3 (sawdust (100%)), and treatment 4-T4 (sawdust (50%)+palm kernel meal pellets(50%)) as bedding materials in a cow house, the effects of such treatments on ammonia flux were assessed in approximately one month. The magnitude of ammonia emissions (mg m-2 min-1) varied in the following order: T1 (2.226), T4 (2.052), T2 (1.845), and T3 (1.712). The patterns of pH had a decreasing trend for all bedding treatments during the experiment, and there was no significant relationship with ammonia flux. The results reveal that the most important factor influencing ammonia emissions is the physical structure of the bedding types.

In this study, we prepared adriamycin (ADR)-encapsulated core-shell type nanoparticles of a poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) grafted-dextran (DexLG) copolymer and evaluated its antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. The particle size of ADR-encapsulated DexLG nanoparticles was around 50-200 nm and the morphology was spherical shapes at transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. Since reconstitution of lyophilized nanoparticles is essential to practical use in vivo, ADR-encapsulated DexLG nanoparticles were lyophilized and reconstituted them into deionized water. Although reconstitution process caused increase of particle size, drug release behavior of nanoparticles was not significantly changed before and after reconstitution process. The ADR-encapsulated DexLG nanoparticles were less cytotoxic than free ADR plus empty nanoparticles at in vitro, while empty DexLG nanoparticles did not significantly affect cell viability. Even if free ADR plus empty nanoparticles are most effective to inhibit tumor growth at tumor-induced animal model using CT-26 cells, ADR-encapsulated DexLG nanoparticles showed increased survivability of mice. These results indicated that ADR-encapsulated DexLG nanoparticles are promising vehicles for antitumor drug delivery.

This study was conducted to determine the protein requirement level in adult Jindo dog (Korea Jindo Dog) through nitrogen balance experiments. 12 female dogs aged 36~38 weeks old (for early stage) or aged 45~49 weeks old (for late stage) were fed one of 3 diets containing 17, 19 and 21% of crude protein. Body weight of dogs were measured during the 12 days of feeding trial, and feces and urine were collected last 3 days of the trial period. In early stage of Jindo dog, average daily gain of dogs fed experimental diets containing 17, 19 and 21% of crude protein were 38.33, 16.25 and 12.71g/d, respectively. There was a significant differences between 17 and 21% of crude protein treatments (p

Effects of dry matter intake restriction to the level of recommend by NRC (2001) on intake balance of dry matter and nutrients in Holstein lactating cow were evaluated. 24 lactating cows were divided into two groups and individually fed one of the TMR offered as ad libitum (control) and restricted amount (treatment) as recommended by NRC (2001). Milk yield including 4% FCM and FPCM were showed higher tendency in treatment group then those of control group. Also, intakes of dry matter, net energy and metabolizable protein were tended to be higher in treatment group then control group. Actual dry matter and net energy intakes in control group were higher (p

This study was conducted to identify various habits of stable vices and its occurring frequency in racing horses, currently managed in Korea, through categorizing the total 1,386 head of racing horses in Seoul Racing Park into sex, age and years of stabling. Among the 1,386 horses, 524 heads (37.8%) have shown habits of stable vices and its appearances rate according to each category is as following; While 40.7% of stallions showed the highest appearances rate of stable vices by sex, it was 50%, 44.2%, and 53% for the age of 2, 6 and 4, respectively by age, it was 41%, 40.6% and 39.1% for the years of stabling of 2, 4 and 3, respectively. For the appearances rate of individual stable vices, 7.0% of mares showed the highest appearances rate of ‘kicking at walls’, 12.9% of stallions showed ‘biting habit’ and 5.7% of castrated horses showed ‘weaving’ when grouped by sex. According to age, 8.3%, and 6.1% of horses of age 2 showed ‘kicking at walls’, ‘wind-sucking’ and ‘pawing’, respectively while 4.9% of horses of age 3 showed ‘pawing’, 6.4% of horses of age 4 showed ‘kicking at walls’, 6.8% of horses of age 5 showed ‘kicking at walls’ and ‘biting habit’ and 8.7% of horses of age 6 showed ‘weaving’ and ‘biting habit’. By the year of stabling, 6% of horses for 1 year had ‘pawing habit’, 7% og horses for 2 years had ‘kicking at walls’, 7.4% of horses for 3 years had ‘biting habit’ and it was 6.9% and 10.6% for ‘weaving’ for 4 and 5 years of stabling, respectively. In conclusion, the racing horses in Korea seemed to show high rate of appearance rate of stable vices and it is considered to be necessary to improve stable equipments and management skills to reduce the appearance rate of stable vices.(

본 연구는 꽃사슴에게 고농도의 셀레늄을 급여하였을 때 꽃사슴의 혈액, 녹용 및 생리반응에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 실시하였다. 3두의 꽃사슴에게 고농도 셀레늄을 급여하였을 때의 혈액 내의 셀레늄 농도와 셀레늄 흡수율 및 축적률을 조사하고, 혈액 내 스트레스 관련호르몬 및 biochemical parameters를 조사하였다. 8두의 수컷 꽃사슴을 공시하여 셀레늄을 첨가하지 않은 사료를 급여한 구와 셀레늄을 사료 kg당 6mg을 첨가한 사료를 20일간 급여한 구로 나누어 생산한 녹용의 셀레늄 함량을 조사하였다. 꽃사슴에게 고농도 셀레늄 급여는 급여 30일 이후에 혈액 중의 셀레늄 농도를 유의하게 증가시켰고(p 【This study was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium feeding and supplementation in diet on the concentration of selenium in blood and velvet antler of spotted deer(Sika deer). Three spotted deer were fed high selenium concentration(6mg/kg DM). Absorption and retention rates of selenium were examined by evaluating selenium concentrations in feces and urine. Stress-related hormones and serum biochemical parameters in blood were also evaluated for the purpose of detecting any negative effect by the high level of selenium feeding. Eight spotted deers were randomly assigned to two groups and were fed with one of two diets for 20 days, which were with or without the addition of 6mg selenium /kg diet. Concentration of selenium in velvet antler was evaluated. Selenium concentration in blood of spotted deer fed high level selenium for 30 days was significantly increased(p】

This study was conducted to determine the protein requirement level in growing Jindo dog through nitrogen balance experiment. Twelve female dogs aged 18～20 weeks old were allotted one of 3 dietary treatments containing 21, 23 and 25% of crude protein. Average daily gain of dogs fed experimental diets containing 21, 23 and 25% of crude protein were 65.42, 79.58 and 99.17g/d, respectively, and there was a significant difference between 21 and 25% of crude protein treatments(p

To evaluate the effect of fiber sources on chewing activity, five sheep were consecutively fed diets containing 45% of a fiber source selected from 7 tested fiber sources of alfalfa hay cube (AHC), corn cob (CC), corn silage (CS), cotton seed hull (CSH), peanut hull (PHL), rice straw (RS) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Number of chew showed significantly higher value in CC (p

Physiological changes in thoroughbred racehorses during the race were investigated by measuring concentrations of metabolites and exercise-related hormones before and after a race. The conversion point from anaerobic to aerobic exercise during the race was estimated subsequently. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of 53 thoroughbreds at different times -three h before and 45 min after- for measuring the concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), lactate, uric acid, ammonia insulin, adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and cortisol according to the race distance. In accordance with the race distance, each metabolite increased in concentration compared with the level before the race. The level of glucose, in particular, increased from 56.18±3.20 mg/dl before the race to 148.82±8.82 mg/dl after the race for horses that raced 1,400 m, showing a significant increase of 165% (p

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of fat supplementation with divalent ions such as MgO and on 1) in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and insoluble fatty acid formation, and on 2) animal performance in finishing Hanwoo bulls. In in vitro trial, five different types of diets based on supplementation sources of fat and divalent ions, i.e. T=basal diet+4% tallow, T-Ca=T+0.5% , T-Mg=TA+0.5% MgO, T-MgCa = T +0.5% +0.5% MgO, T-caS =4% Ca salt tallow, were tested. Higher pH values were observed at 6 hr incubation(P to tallow or Ca soap tallow during incubation(P + MgO, T-CaS = control + Ca soap tallow (EE 5.30%). After feeding each diet for 80 days, average daily weight gain showed 0.89, 1.02, 1.17kg in diets 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The highest feed efficiency was observed(0.12) in diet 2 group, followed by diet 3 (0.10) and 1 groups(0.08; P

This study was conducted to investigate effects of the brown seaweed residues supplementation on in vitro fermentation, and milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows. Therefore, two experiments consisting of an in vitro and an in vivo growth trial were used. In in vitro experiment, brown seaweed residues(BSR) was supplemented in basal diet with 0, 1, 2 and 4% respectively, and incubated for 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h. The pH value, ammonia-N and VFA were investigated. The pH value tended to increase with increasing BSR during the incubation. Particularly, pH was significantly higher in BSR treatments compared with control at 9 h(p < 0.05). While, ammonia-N concentration was not significantly different across treatments during the whole incubation. BSR supplementation did not affect total VFA production, but acetate was linearly increased in BSR treatments compared with control at 12 h(p < 0.05), and its concentration was highest(92.70 mM) in 4% BSR among treatments. The concentration of iso-butyrate tended to increase in BSR treatments in comparison to control during the incubation. In addition, the concentration of iso-valerate was higher in BSR treatments compared with control at 12 and 24 h. In growth trial, BSR was added(800 g/d/animal) to diets of dairy cow. Dry matter intake was not affected by BSR supplementation, but daily milk yield(kg) significantly increased in BSR treatment compared with control(p < 0.05). However, milk composition(%) and milk yield(kg) were not significantly different between treatments. Milk fat(% and kg/d) tended to slightly decrease in BSR treatment compared with control(3.59% and 1.06 kg/d vs. 3.32% and 1.01 kg/d). The contents of C16:0 and C20:4 in milk significantly increased in BSR treatment compared with control reflecting from dietary fatty acid composition. The content of C18:0 in milk which is end product of biohydrogenation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen significantly increased in BSR treatment compared with control(p < 0.05). C18:2 content in milk tended to decrease, but tended to increase trans-11 C18:1 and CLA contents in milk in BSR treatment compared with control. In conclusion, it could be summarized that BSR may stabilize rumen pH, and it could improve milk yield and CLA content in milk with more than 4% of diet. Therefore, BSR could be beneficially used in dairy diets

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary trans fatty acids in mice. Following the administration of a 0.5/100 g diet of trans-9 octadecenoic acid (EA), trans-11 vaccenic acid (TVA) or cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for 4 weeks, the body weights and the weights of the liver, testis and mediastinal adipose tissue (MAT) of the animals gradually decreased (P

This study was conducted in order to investigate whether the presence of light or different colors of light would influence the energy expenditure and behavior of broiler chickens. Eight 8-week-old broiler chickens were adapted to a respiration chamber (Length, 28.5 cm; Height, 38.5 cm; Width, 44.0 cm) for one week prior to the initiation of the experiment. In experiment 1, energy expenditure and behavior of the chickens were analyzed in the presence or absence of light for four days. Chickens were exposed to 6 cycles of 2 h light/2 h dark period per day. In experiment 2, the broiler chickens that had been used in experiment 1 were used to evaluate the effect of 4 different wavelength light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the energy expenditure and behavior of broiler chickens. The LEDs used in this study had the following wavelength bands; white (control), red (618 to 635 nm), green (515 to 530 nm) and blue (450 to 470 nm). The chickens were randomly exposed to a 2-h LED light in a random and sequential order per day for 3 days. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production of the chickens were recorded using an open-circuit calorimeter system, and energy expenditure was calculated based on the collected data. The behavior of the chickens was analyzed based on following categories i.e., resting, standing, and pecking, and closed-circuit television was used to record these behavioral postures. The analysis of data from experiment 1 showed that the energy expenditure was higher (p

In this study, we prepared amphotericin B (AmpB)-encapsulated polymeric micelle of poly(DL-lactideco-glycolide) (PLGA) grafted-dextran (DexLG) copolymer for the cytotoxicity test. The average particle size of AmpB-encapsulated DexLG polymeric micelles was around 30 approximately 70 nm and their morphology showed spherical shapes. Since aggregation states of AmpB are related to intrinsic cytotoxicity, prevention of AmpB aggregation in aqueous solution will provide low cytotoxicity and increased antimicrobial activity for the infectious disease. At UV/VIS spectrum measurement, polymeric micelle prepared from methanol/water mixture (method B) showed a monomeric state of AmpB while polymeric micelle prepared from DMSO (method A) showed an aggregated state. During the hemolysis activity test, polymeric micelle from method B showed reduced hemolysis activity compared to AmpB itself and polymeric micelle from method A. These results indicated that AmpB-incorporated polymeric micelle prepared from methanol/water mixture has low cytotoxicity and favorable antimicrobial activity.

A pilot-scale anaerobic digester employing a unique mixing method of gas recirculation, which uses the pressure of produced gas as the source of mixing power, was constructed and operated successfully with piggery slurry. No detrimental effect on gas production rate was found in the laboratory-scale study with this mixing method.

Congenital neonatal neuroblastoma is not uncommon but bilateral adrenal neuroblastoma is rare, accounting for about ten percent of neuroblastomas in children. We report the US and MR findings of a stage IV-S congenital bilateral neuroblastoma occurring in a one-day-old neonate.

グルコースの静脈注入後のグルコース消失速度およびインスリン分泌反応に対する飼料中プロピオン酸および暑熱の影響を明らかにするために,めん羊にアルファルファヘイキューブ単一飼料あるいはアルファルファヘイキューブに生理的レベルのプロピオン酸カルシウム(10mmol/kg BW)を添加した飼料(高プロピオン酸飼料)を給与し,常温(20°C)あるいは暑熱(30°C)に暴露した.血液グルコース消失速度は採食前にはアルファルファヘイキューブ単一飼料よりも高プロピオン酸飼料の方が高い傾向を示したが,採食後には低い傾向を示した.グルコース注入に対するインスリン分泌反応は採食前には飼料に関係なく常温時よりも暑熱時の方が大きい傾向を示し,採食後には環境温度に関係なくアルファルファヘイキューブ単一飼料よりも高プロピオン酸飼料の方が小さい傾向を示した.これらの結果から血液グルコースの利用速度および外因性グルコースに対するインスリン分泌反応はともに暑熱暴露よりもむしろ飼料条件に影響されると考えられた.