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ATLAS 4th General Assembly 2019, 1-4 April, High quality and fine vertical scale CO2 and ancillary measurements above the bottom are provided over four vulnerable ecosystem areas holding cold water corals and other sensitive organisms. Hydrographic and inorganic biogeochemical measurements were conducted during the MEDWAVES cruise (RV Sarmiento de Gamboa, September 2016) following the path of Mediterranean Sea Water, from inside this marginal sea (Seco de los Olivos) to specific seamounts in the Eastern North Atlantic (Gazul in the Gulf of Cadiz, Ormonde in the Gorringe Bank and Formigas near the Azores Islands). Our measurements reveal the distinct biogeochemical MW signature over the seamount bottom, both in oxygen (low) and inorganic nutrients (high), but also in CO2 variables, high alkalinity, high in situ pH and aragonite and calcite saturation. Given the anthropogenic carbon accumulation rate in the Eastern North Atlantic we predict near future chemical conditions, which would be completely mistaken if coarser scale data from climatologies or publicly available data bases as GLODAPv2 are inspected. Neural Network analysis to predict CO2 conditions is a better option, conditioned by the availability of fine scale ancillary data over the vulnerable areas. A compilation of fine scale measurements over the bottom of sensitive areas is clearly needed

Trabajo presentado a la 6th International Conference on Food Digestion (ICFD), celebrada en Granada (España) del 2 al 4 de abril de 2019., [Introduction]: The bioaccesibility of carotenoids in foods is influenced by aspects related to the foods and by analytical factors (extraction and saponification methods, in vitro digestion protocols, etc)., [Objective]: To assess bioaccesibility of carotenoids in orange (Citrus sinensis, L.) using the protocols proposed by the COST Infogest network (Minekus et al., 2014, Alminger et al., 2014) slightly modified., [Methodology]: Carotenoid analysis content and in vitro digestion were performed in fresh oranges. 5 or 20 g samples were weighed for in vitro digestion and the same for carotenoid analysis. In vitro digestion based on the standardized static in vitro digestion model proposed by COST. Phases: oral, gastric and small intestinal followed by separation of the supernatant. Two different protocols: Protocol 1: 5 homogenized sample (5g) was mixed with the reagents specified in the COST plus cholesterol esterase (Granado-Lorencio et al., 2007). Time for each phase: 2 min, 2 h and 2 h, respectively. After the digestion, centrifugation at 10000g for 10 min was carried up. Protocol 2: Similar to protocol 1 but 20 g of sample was used, gastric phase was shorted to 1 h. and centrifugation was performed at 20000g for 5 min., [Main findings]: The weight of the homogenized sample was increased for an improved identification/quantification of carotenoids. In previous centrifugation assays in kiwis (Actinidia deliciosa), bioaccesibility was: 8.9% (5000g, 20 min), 10%, 6.4%, 5.1% (10000g, 5,10 and 20 min, respectively) and 16.6% (20000g, 5 min). Bioaccesibility of B-cryptoxanthin in orange: 1.1 % and 47.1 % (protocols 1 and 2, respectively)., [Conclusion]: A precise protocol to estimate bioaccesibility of carotenoids in fruits and vegetables should include precise information on the centrifugation step (to get fraction containing the micellized carotenoids) and the period of time for the gastric phase., Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grants PS09/00681, PI16/01991)(Co-funded by ERDF/ESF)

Resumen del trabajo presentado a la II Reunión Nacional sobre CAROTENOIDES en Microorganismos, Plantas, Alimentación y Salud, celebrada en la Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC) el 7 y 8 de noviembre de 2019., Lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) accumulate in retina (macular pigment). Their adequate status (serum concentrations, macular pigment optical density [MPOD]) is associated with a lower risk of age-related macular degeneration. The MPOD showed age-specific correlations with the L and Z intake and serum concentrations (1), showing strongest correlations in older vs younger adults (1,2). Aim: to assess the L and Z dietary intake and status biomarkers (serum concentrations and MPOD), the correlations among them and with the visual function (contrast sensitivity) (preliminary data are shown). Methods and subjects: L and Z concentrations were analyzed in serum, dietary intake and MPOD in subjects aged 45-65y (n=155). Inclusion criteria: cholesterolemia (, Research funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grants PS09/00681 and PI16/01991), co-funded by ERDF/European Social Fund.

185 pages, Multidisciplinary time series generated by the monitoring programs supported by the Spanish Institute for Oceanography (IEO, Instituto Español de Oceanografía) in the Spanish Mediterranean Waters are analyzed. These time series extend from 1992 in some cases, whereas in others they started in 2007 when the different monitoring programs funded by IEO were merged in the current project RADMED. These time series are used to describe the average values and ranges of variability of different variables that could be useful for describing the environmental state of the Spanish Mediterranean waters. Such analyses and statistics are provided as tables that could be used as a reference for future research work or for management purposes.Data from the IEO monitoring programs are complemented with meteorological information from the Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET, Agencia Estatal de Meteorología), satellite data from the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency) and l’Estartit oceanographic and meteorological station, operated by Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM/CSIC).Besides the description of the current environmental state of the Spanish Mediterranean marine ecosystems, an analysis of long term trends is carried out, assessing the possible changes associated to Climate Change

Trabajo presentado a la 3rd Edition of Young Bachelor and Master Biosciences European Students Biocongress

This work shows The Lotka-Volterra systems like a continuation of the diferential equations studies we have seen in the subjects “AED” and “EDP”. We concentrate on the analysis of the global stability of Lotka-Volterra systems. Once the existence and uniqueness of solutions for these systems is proved, we develop sufficient condition for the associated adjacency matrix to assure the existence of a unique global stable stationary solutions. Finally, we study Lotka-Volterra mutualism models associated to complex networks in Ecology, for which our previous results hold. Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Matemáticas

Los carotenoides son compuestos especiales; si bien es común referirse a ellos como pigmentos, lo cierto es que son compuestos de gran versatilidad e importancia en la naturaleza. Más específicamente, son de gran interés en agroalimentación y salud. Así, por ejemplo, son pigmentos naturales y por lo tanto tienen un importante papel en la elección de alimentos por parte de los consumidores. Asimismo, algunos de ellos son precursores de la vitamina A. Sin embargo, que cada vez exista más interés en los carotenoides en este contexto se debe en gran parte a muchos estudios de distinta naturaleza que indican que pueden proporcionar beneficios para la salud. Su interés en alimentación funcional es por lo tanto indudable. En este libro se refleja la experiencia en carotenoides de un gran número de profesionales de la región iberoamericana. En conjunto, se ofrece una visión general de la investigación sobre estos compuestos en agroalimentación y salud. Los autores son miembros de la red ibercarot (http://carotenoides.us.es), que tiene entre sus objetivos conformar una red estable y funcional de profesionales que aúnen esfuerzos en pos de identificar nuevas fuentes de carotenoides de interés nutricional, mejorar su producción y aumentar el valor de los productos que los contengan. Me gustaría agradecer a todas y cada una de las personas que han contribuido de una u otra forma a que este libro sea una realidad. Todos esperamos que sea de ayuda para personas interesadas en los temas desarrollados. Gracias especialmente al Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (Cyted, http:// www.cyted.org/) que, con su apoyo económico a la red ibercarot, ha hecho posible que varias decenas de equipos interaccionen en torno a temas de interés común para contribuir al desarrollo a distintos niveles de la región iberoamericana., RED TEMÁTICA IBERCAROT (referencia 112RT445) http://carotenoides.us.es PROGRAMA IBEROAMERICANO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA PARA EL DESARROLLO – CYTED

poster, Within the context of the UE project ATLAS, in September - October 2016 on board RV Sarmiento de Gamboa, the MEDWAVES (MEDiterranean out flow WAter and Vulnerable EcosystemS) targeted areas under the potential influence of the MOW (Mediterranean Water Outflow) within the Mediterranean and Atlantic realms. These include seamounts where cold-water corals (CWC) have been reported, they may act as essential “stepping stones” connecting fauna of seamounts in the Mediterranean with those of seamounts in the continental shelf of Portugal, the Azores and the Mid‐ Atlantic Ridge. During MEDWAVES sampling was conducted through several seamounts: Formigas (Azores), Ormonde & Gazul (North Atlantic) and Seco de los Olivos (Alboran Sea). High quality CO2 measurements were conducted in the 500 meters above the bottom in order to characterize the water masses and detect the MOW spreading. MOW is warm and salty, but also high in alkalinity and pH. Is MOW conditioning CWC?

It can be obtained from lichens biologically-active extracts and pure substances, many of them of phenolic nature. They are usually obtained by using organic solvents, such as diethyl ether. In this paper the usefulness of ether for the obtainment of crude extracts and the subsequent purification of pure substances from Brazilian lichen is reviewed, as well as alternatives to their production through cells or thallus immobilization in bioreactors and their entrapment in inert matrix.

[EN]: [Introduction]: Carotenoids are plant pigment with important biological activities in humans, such as provitamin-A among others. At present, there are no individual carotenoid intake data in the Dominican population, which is at risk of vitamin A defi ciency and has an important percentage of overweight and obese individuals. [Objective]: To assess the individual components of vitamin A intake (retinol, α-carotene, ß-carotene and ß-cryptoxanthin) and that of other relevant dietary carotenoids like lutein, zeaxanthin and lycopene of Dominican daily food intake. [Methods]: Fifty overweigth and obese subjects (22-69 y). Individual carotenoid intake, from whole diet and from the ingestion of fruits and vegetables, was determined using three 24 h diet recalls and a specifi c carotenoid database. Retinol, macronutrient and energy intake were calculated using DIAL® software. [Results]: The total carotenoid intake was 6363.2 µg/day, 56 .1% corresponding to provitamin A carotenoids (74.3% ß-carotene). Vitamin A intake was supplied by retinol (40%) and by provitamin A carotenoids (60%); vegetables contributed more than fruits (39.2% and 19.2%, respectively). Non-provitamin A carotenoid intake represents 43.9% of the total intake and is supplied by lycopene and lutein plus zeaxanthin in similar percentages (52.3% and 47.7%, respectively). [Conclusions]: The diet of these Dominican subjets met the recommended vitamin A intake, when expressed as retinol equivalents, 59% of which was supplied by provitamin-A carotenoids from plant sources, mainly by red/orange and white/yellow foods. Individual carotenoid intake is an aspect of great interest for issuing dietary recommendations in the public health setting., [ES]: [Introducción]: Los carotenoides son pigmentos con importantes actividades biológicas en los seres humanos, entre las que detaca la actividad provitamínica A. No hay datos de ingesta de carotenoides en la población dominicana, en la que hay un elevado porcentaje de individuos con sobrepreso y obesidad, así como riesgo de defi ciencia en vitamina A. [Objetivo]: Valorar la ingesta de los componentes individuales de vitamina A (retinol, β -caroteno, α-caroteno, β-criptoxantina) y de otros carotenoides relevantes (licopeno, luteína, zeaxantina) en sujetos dominicanos. [Métodos]: Cincuenta sujetos con sobrepeso y obesidad (22-69 años). Tres recuerdos de dieta de 24 h y una aplicación específica para carotenoides, para valorar ingesta de carotenoides a partir de la dieta total y de la ingesta de frutas y hortalizas. La ingesta de retinol, macronutrientes y energía se calcula utilizando la aplicación DIAL®. [Resultados]: La ingesta total de carotenoides fue 6363,2 μg/día, correspondiendo el 56,1% a carotenoides provitamina-A (74,3% β-caroteno). La ingesta de vitamina A procede del retinol (40%) y de los carotenoides provitamínicos (60%); las hortalizas contribuyeron más que las frutas (39,2% y 19,2%, respectivamente). Los carotenoides no-provitamínicos representaron el 43,9% de la ingesta total, con un aporte de licopeno y de luteína más zeaxantina en proporciones similares (52,3% y 47,7%, respectivamente). [Conclusiones]: La dieta de estos sujetos dominicanos cubre las recomendaciones de ingesta de vitamina A, expresada en equivalentes de retinol, siendo aportada por fuentes vegetales en un 59%, principalmente a partir de alimentos de colores rojo/anaranjado y blanco/amarillento. La ingesta individual de carotenoides es un aspecto de gran interés para emitir recomendaciones dietéticas en el ámbito de la salud pública., B. Olmedilla-Alonso is member of the Spanish Network CaRed (BIO2015-71703-REDT).

On October 23, 2015, traces of a large feline were found (Figure 1A) during a tour along the banks of the Sabino River, Municipality of Santa María Tecomavaca, District of Teotitlán (17 ° 51'52 ”N and 97 01'50.6 "W; 615 masl; Figure 2). Photographs and measurements (length and width) were taken from each footprint. It was determined that the footprints belong to a jaguar by a set of qualitative and quantitative characteristics: they were wider than long, almost round; the upper part of the plantar bearing is not concave and the fingers were not pointed, as in the puma; the lower lobes of the plantar bearing are not marked; the bearings tend to have lower lobes that are better defined and less wide; the proportion of the first third of the fingers was greater than its length, El 23 de octubre de 2015, se encontraron huellas de un felino grande (Figura 1A) durante un recorrido a lo largo de la ribera del río Sabino, Municipio de Santa María Tecomavaca, Distrito de Teotitlán (17°51’52” N y 97°01’50.6” W; 615 msnm; Figura 2). De cada huella se tomaron fotografías y medidas (largo y ancho). Se determinó que las huellas pertenecen a un jaguar por un conjunto de características cualitativas y cuantitativas: fueron más anchas que largas, casi redondas; la parte superior del cojinete plantar no es cóncavo y los dedos no fueron puntiagudos, como en el puma; los lóbulos inferiores del cojinete plantar no están marcados; los cojinetes tienden a presentar lóbulos inferiores mejor definidos y menos anchos; la proporción del primer tercio de los dedos fue mayor que su longitud

La dieta, conjunto de alimentos que conforman nuestros hábitos alimentarios, tiene como objetivo principal el aporte suficiente de nutrientes para cubrir los requerimientos metabólicos de un individuo y proporcionar bienestar. Este aspecto básico, evitar enfermedades carenciales, sigue siendo prioritario en la mayor parte del mundo, pero, por otra parte, el papel de la dieta y la nutrición como factores de riesgo modificables en diversas enfermedades crónicas se ha puesto de manifiesto a través de numerosos estudios, que muestran cómo las modificaciones en la dieta tienen un gran efecto, tanto positivo como negativo, sobre la salud a lo largo de la vida.

Resumen del trabajo presentado a la Reunión Nacional sobre Carotenoides en Microorganismos, Plantas, Alimentación y Salud, celebrada en Valencia del 16 al 17 de noviembre de 2017., Luteína (Lut.) y zeaxantina (Zeax.)(xantofilas), y antocianos están comercializados como complementos alimenticios para la salud ocular. Existe gran variabilidad en las respuestas de los sujetos y por ello, se necesitan estudios a largo plazo valorando los factores implicados en sujetos bien caracterizados. [Objetivo]: valorar el efecto de la suplementación con xantofilas y antocianos sobre los marcadores de estatus de Lut. y Zeax. a corto y largo plazo (concentraciones séricas, densidad óptica de pigmento macular [DOPM]) en mujeres postmenopáusicas. [Sujetos y métodos]: 75 mujeres. Estudio paralelo y aleatorizado, de ocho meses de duración. [Criterios inclusión]: edad (50-70 años), amenorrea (>2 años), IMC (25-33 kg/m2). [Criterios exclusión]: colesterolemia (>240 mg/dL), fármacos/ alimentos para controlar colesterolemia, terapia hormonal sustitutoria, enfermedad crónica. Sujetos aleatorizados en tres grupos: (A): antocianos (60 mg/día); (X): xantofilas (6 mg Lut.+2 mg Zeax./d); (A+X). HC Clover Ps (Madrid, España) preparó A y X. Al inicio del estudio, a los 4 y 8 meses: 1) muestras de sangre para análisis de Lut. y Zeax. (HPLC) y perfil lipídico; 2) determinación de DOPM mediante fotometría heterocromática de parpadeo (MPS 9000 desktop device). Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica- HUPH-Majadahonda aprobó el estudio. [Resultados]: Concentraciones basales (mediana): 16,7 Lut., 5,3 Zeax. (μg/dl), 0,07 (μg/mg) Lut.+Zeax/colesterol+triglicéridos(TG); colesterol , HDL-, LDL, TG: 213, 66, 126, 84 mg/dL, respectivamente; la DOPM: 0,31 u.d. Sin diferencias en valores basales entre grupos. La suplementación con xantofilas provocó un aumento de sus concentraciones séricas: entre 2, 2,8 y 1,4 -1,6 veces (Lut. y Zeax., respectivamente) en grupos X y A+X. Las concentraciones séricas máximas de xantofilas se alcanzaron a los 4 meses y se mantuvieron hasta el final (grupos X, A+X). Las concentraciones de lípidos no mostraron variación. La DOPM no varió en ningún grupo a lo largo del estudio (excepto un aumento en el grupo X, 4 meses). La DOPM se correlacionó con la concentración de xantofilas séricas (grupo X, 8 meses). [Conclusiones]: este aporte extra de Lut. y Zeax. fue insuficiente para modificar la DOPM en mujeres postmenopáusicas, pero indujo un aumento en las concentraciones séricas, el cual no fue modificado por el aporte simultáneo de antocianos.

Resumen del trabajo presentado a la Reunión Nacional sobre Carotenoides en Microorganismos, Plantas, Alimentación y Salud, celebrada en Valencia del 16 al 17 de noviembre de 2017., The “Encuesta Nacional de Ingesta Dietética” (ENIDE) was a cross‐sectional survey involving a sample of non‐institutionalized individuals (n= 3000), aged 18–64 years, that was designed to be representative of the Spanish population. Different studies about the carotenoid intakes in Spain were developed by using this survey. However, no studies about the Carotenoids consumption were focused in the teenager’s period (12‐16 years). A sampling plan (SP) was performed by vocational training (VC) students from “Laboratory and Quality Control”, together with research centres from UCLM and CSIC, about the Carotenoids Intake in ESO students (12‐16 years) to disseminate the benefits of their consumption and to detect deficiencies. According to the results and comparing with the ENIDE survey, the intake of alfa‐carotene was significantly lower than the average in Spain. The intake of one unit of carrot or one unit of banana could avoid the observed deficiency in alfa‐carotene. Therefore, a possible awareness campaign could be focused in these two food products. Moreover, an optimized sampling plan designed by experts in statistics and carotenoids could be developed by VC Laboratory and Quality Control students within a Project based learning in their own High Schools with their own ESO colleagues to obtain an accurately survey in Spain focused in the teenager’s period. To develop this survey a large sample size, n>1000 students (95% confidence level and margin of error ±3%) should be necessary, in order to carry out this Project Based Learning in at least 3 High Schools from different cities in Spain.

Póster presentado al 3rd Scientific Workshop of the POSITIVe COST Action, celebrado en Tesalonica (Grecia) del 20 al 21 de septiembre de 2017., [Objective]: Assessment of the effect of the xanthophylls and anthocyanins dietary supplementation on lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) status [serum concentrations and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and its relation with the serum metabolomics profile in postmenopausal women. [Subjects and methods]: 75 women were randomized into a parallel study of 8 months duration. Inclusion criteria: age (50-70 years), amenorrhea (> 2y), BMI (25-33 kg/m2). Participants were randomized in three groups: Group A) anthocyanins (60 mg/day); Group X) xanthophylls (6 mg lutein + 2 mg zeaxanthin/d); Group A+X) anthocyanines (60 mg/d) + xanthophylls (6 mg lutein + 2 mg zeaxanthin/d). Blood samples were collected at the start (time 0), 4 and 8 months and lipid profile (cholesterol and TG). Metabolomics was performed using HPLC-Q-TOF LCMS (G6530A). MassHunter Profinder software (B.06.00) was used for recursive molecular feature extraction and Mass Profiler Professional Software (B.13.01) for Multivariate statistical analysis. [Results]: Supplementation with L and Z resulted in 2 - 2.8 fold and 1.4 - 1.6-fold increases in the serum levels of L and Z, respectively. These increments occurred in groups X and A+X, being slightly higher but not statisticaly significant in group X. The levels of L and Z concentrations, and L+Z/chol+TG in serum reached at 4 months were maintained throughout the intervention period (8 months) in the (X) and (A+X) groups. There were no variations in the L and Z serum levels in the group (A) and neither were in the concentrations of cholesterol, HDL-, LDL- and TG in any of the three groups. Serum metabolome profile was changed after anthocyanin intake for 8 months. After correction for multiple comparisons, seven metabolites were statistically significantly altered. MPOD value was not modified in any of the groups at the end of the study. Only an increase was observed in the MPOD after 4 months in the group X. [Conclusions]: Supplementation of L and Z at dietary levels provokes an increase in their concentrations in serum that were not modified by the simultaneous supplementation of anthocyanins. The L and Z supplied was insufficient to get an increase in the MPOD during the period studied. A change in serum metabolome of the A group participants before and after 8 months anthocyanin supplementation was observed., Funded by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) throw Grant AGL2012-30803 (PIGMENTHEALTH).

Los carotenoides están presentes en muchos alimentos. Estudios in vitro e in vivo parecen indicar que podrían ser beneficiosos para la salud, aunque estos efectos protectores no han sido demostrados de forma contundente en humanos debido a las dificultades que entrañan estos estudios. Algunos de estos compuestos son precursores de la vitamina A. Se considera que los carotenoides de frutas y hortalizas pueden llegar a representar hasta 80-85% de la ingesta de vitamina A en algunas áreas. En cualquier caso, la actividad biológica de los carotenoides y compuestos derivados de ellos dependen más que de la cantidad consumida, de la absorbida y metabolizada por el organismo. El proceso de absorción de carotenoides es complejo y puede ser modificado por factores de diversa naturaleza. Este capítulo aborda el concepto de biodisponibilidad en su versión más amplia. Abunda en los factores que la determinan y los métodos para evaluarla.