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57. Epidemiology of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview

Author

Sar, Vedat

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

General psychiatric assessment instruments do not cover DSM-IV dissociative disorders. Many large-scale epidemiological studies led to biased results due to this deficit in their methodology. Nevertheless, screening studies using diagnostic tools designed to assess dissociative disorders yielded lifetime prevalence rates around 10% in clinical populations and in the community. Special populations such as psychiatric emergency ward applicants, drug addicts, and women in prostitution demonstrated the highest rates. Data derived from epidemiological studies also support clinical findings about the relationship between childhood adverse experiences and dissociative disorders. Thus, dissociative disorders constitute a hidden and neglected public health problem. Better and early recognition of dissociative disorders would increase awareness about childhood traumata in the community and support prevention of them alongside their clinical consequences.

Published
2011
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58. Depersonalization and derealization in self-report and clinical interview: The spectrum of borderline personality disorder, dissociative disorders, and healthy controls.

Author

Sar, Vedat, Alioğlu, Firdevs, and Akyuz, Gamze

Subjects
*DIAGNOSIS of dissociative disorders, *BORDERLINE personality disorder, *DEPERSONALIZATION, *DISSOCIATIVE disorders, *FACTOR analysis, *INTERVIEWING, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *SELF-evaluation, *DATA analysis software, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

Depersonalization (DEP) and derealization (DER) were examined among college students with and without borderline personality disorder (BPD) and/or dissociative disorders (DDs) by self-report and clinician assessment. The Steinberg Depersonalization Questionnaire (SDEPQ), the Steinberg Derealization Questionnaire (SDERQ), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and the screening tool of the BPD section of the Structured Clinical Interview forDSM–IV(SCID-BPD) were administered to 1,301 students. Those with BPD (n = 80) according to the SCID-BPD and 111 non-BPD controls were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview forDSM–IVDissociative Disorders by a psychiatrist blind to the diagnosis. Of the participants, 19.7% reported SDEPQ (17.8%) and/or SDERQ (11.0%) scores above cutoff levels and impairment from these experiences. Principal component analysis of 26 items of both scales yielded 4 factors: cognitive-emotional self-detachment, perceptual detachment, bodily self-detachment, and detachment from reality. Participants with concurrent DD and BPD had the highest scores for DEP and DER in the clinical interview and self-report. The total number of BPD criteria was associated with the severity of childhood trauma and dissociation. Both BPD and DD were associated with clinician-assessed and self-reported DER, self-reported DEP, and the cognitive-emotional self-detachment factor. Unlike BPD, DD was associated with clinician-assessed DEP, and BPD was related to the self-reported detachment from reality factor. Although the latter was correlated with the total childhood trauma score, possibly because of dissociative amnesia, clinician-assessed DER was not. Being the closest factor to BPD, the factor of detachment from reality warrants further study. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2017
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63. Child abuse and the dynamics of silence

Author

Middleton, Warwick, primary, Stavropoulos, Pam, additional, Dorahy, Martin J, additional, Krüger, Christa, additional, Lewis-Fernández, Roberto, additional, Martínez-Taboas, Alfonso, additional, Sar, Vedat, additional, and Brand, Bethany, additional

Published
2014
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73. Growing Not Dwindling

Author

Martínez-Taboas, Alfonso, primary, Dorahy, Martin, additional, Sar, Vedat, additional, Middleton, Warwick, additional, and Krüger, Christa, additional

Published
2013
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77. Childhood trauma and treatment outcome in bipolar disorder.

Author

Cakir, Sibel, Tasdelen Durak, Rumeysa, Ozyildirim, Ilker, Ince, Ezgi, and Sar, Vedat

Subjects
MENTAL health, WOUNDS & injuries, CHILD abuse & psychology, BIPOLAR disorder, THERAPEUTICS, DISSOCIATIVE disorders, LONGITUDINAL method, POST-traumatic stress disorder, PSYCHOLOGICAL tests, QUESTIONNAIRES, COMORBIDITY, TREATMENT effectiveness, CHILDREN
Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential influence of childhood trauma on clinical presentation, psychiatric comorbidity, and long-term treatment outcome of bipolar disorder. A total of 135 consecutive patients with bipolar disorder type I were recruited from an ongoing prospective follow-up project. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IV Axis I Disorders were administered to all participants. Response to long-term treatment was determined from the records of life charts of the prospective follow-up project. There were no significant differences in childhood trauma scores between groups with good and poor responses to long-term lithium treatment. Poor responders to long-term anticonvulsant treatment, however, had elevated emotional and physical abuse scores. Lifetime diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was associated with poor response to lithium treatment and antidepressant use but not with response to treatment with anticonvulsants. Total childhood trauma scores were related to the total number of lifetime comorbid psychiatric disorders, antidepressant use, and the presence of psychotic features. There were significant correlations between all types of childhood abuse and the total number of lifetime comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. Whereas physical neglect was related to the mean severity of the mood episodes and psychotic features, emotional neglect was related to suicide attempts. A history of childhood trauma or PTSD may be a poor prognostic factor in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder. Whereas abusive experiences in childhood seem to lead to nosological fragmentation (comorbidity), childhood neglect tends to contribute to the severity of the mood episodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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79. Erratum: Dissociative disorders in DSM-5

Author

Spiegel, David, primary, Loewenstein, Richard J., additional, Lewis-Fernández, Roberto, additional, Sar, Vedat, additional, Simeon, Daphne, additional, Vermetten, Eric, additional, Cardeña, Etzel, additional, and Dell, Paul F., additional

Published
2011
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83. Letters

Author

Steele, Kathy, primary, Sar, Vedat, additional, Dell, Paul F., additional, Spiegel, David, additional, Kluft, Richard P., additional, Loewenstein, Richard J., additional, Rahman, Desiree, additional, Hudyncia, Stephen, additional, French, Oliver, additional, and Blunk, Dan I., additional

Published
2009
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96. BOOK REVIEWS

Author

Sar, Vedat, primary, Shusta-Hochberg, Shielagh R., additional, and Somer, Eli, additional

Published
2006
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