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Prostate cancer is among the most prevalent malignancies in males. Although bone metastases from prostate cancer are common, mandibular metastases are unlikely. Mandibular metastatic carcinoma accounts for less than 1% of all oral malignancies and can cause a diagnostic conundrum. Here, we present a rare case of a 56-year-old male with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate involving the mandible and the evaluation criteria that can help determine the metastatic lesion.

Abstract-: Partial shading deteriorates the overall performance of photovoltaic (PV) arrays by reducing the power output. Various shading mitigation strategies have been proposed in the literature with vulnerabilities of limited applications, switches, sensor counts, design, cost, and complexities. In this paper, a multi-string differential power processing (MS-DPP) based voltage equalizer is proposed for power output improvement in the PV arrays during shading. The equalizer is utilized for the series-parallel array which is equipped with a shading detection system achieved from the optimal placement of minimum sensor counts. The technique uses the concept of a switching capacitor that balances the voltage ratio between the modules of individual strings to ensure higher power generation and convex power curves during shading. The system is simulated and validated in MATLAB simulation and further verified on the OPAL-RT 4510 hardware-in-loop FPGA-based real-time platform. The technique is executed on three array sizes and compared with existing techniques under static and dynamic partial shading cases. The analysis shows that MS-DPP enhances the array power output with a conversion efficiency higher than 99 % during shading with lower system size and 98.38 % and 95.05 % reduced counts of switches and sensors than dynamic reconfigurations.

Background The Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act (PC&PNDT Act), 1994 was enacted to prevent sex determination and female feticide. As a mandatory statutory requirement, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India has to renew its PC&PNDT license after every 5 years.

Objective Caroverine is an antagonist of non-NMDA and NMDA glutamate receptors. Cochlear synaptic tinnitus arises from a synaptic disturbance of NMDA or non-NMDA receptors on the afferent dendrites of spiral ganglion neurons. This forms a basis for the use of caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus. Hence, the present study was carried out to find the effect of oral caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus. Methodology This quasi-experimental study was carried out on sixty consecutive patients of tinnitus. Thirty patients were given the usual standard of care consisting of Tab. Cinnarizine 25mg twice daily along with fixed dose combination Cap. B-complex and Ginkgo biloba once daily for ninety days and thirty patients were given Cap. Caroverine 40mg, twice daily for ninety days. Outcome assessment was done using the tinnitus case history questionnaire, tinnitus handicap inventory score, and VAS. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism Trial Version. A P value ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results There was a significant improvement in the tinnitus case history questionnaire score at 90 days in patients suffering from mild tinnitus when treated with caroverine. There was a larger decrease in the tinnitus handicap inventory score at 90 days of treatment in the caroverine-treated patients. The median VAS showed an improvement in the caroverine-treated group. The overall reduction in tinnitus in the caroverine-treated group was 53.3% with an odds ratio, 95% CI of 0.375 (0.12-1.08). Conclusion Oral caroverine was found to be better than the usual standard of care in reducing mild cochlear synaptic tinnitus. It also improved sensory–neural hearing loss during the treatment period.

Purpose: Despite hazardous consequences, the use of fertilizers and pesticides has been exceptionally high, mainly to increase crop yield. Socio-economic factors have been explored to understand the inability to curb its overuse; however, literature on psychological factors affecting farmers' decision-making is very scarce. Psychological factors are important to understand as these factors mediate the effects of external socio-economic factors on one's behaviour. The present study focused on farmers' intentions to convert their farming practices from conventional to organic. Design/methodology/approach: The data was collected from 389 participants, mainly using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The observations were analysed through regression and structural equation modelling. Findings: A significant association has been observed between attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, awareness and farmers' intention to switch to organic farming practices. Practical implications: As the observed factors are significantly associated with conversion intentions and malleable by nature, the study serves as a confirmatory node to proceed with the interventional plan based on the belief system restructuring module to educate farmers about sustainable farming practices. Theoretical implications: The study verified the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour in the Indian context and highlighted the factors to be targeted to convert the intentions of conventional farmers to organic farming. Originality/value: In order to curb the overuse of chemicals in agriculture, policymakers can plan suitable interventions and use the relevant psychological measures to target the factors identified in the present study.

CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing has enabled advanced T cell therapies, but occasional loss of the targeted chromosome remains a safety concern. To investigate whether Cas9-induced chromosome loss is a universal phenomenon and evaluate its clinical significance, we conducted a systematic analysis in primary human T cells. Arrayed and pooled CRISPR screens revealed that chromosome loss was generalizable across the genome and resulted in partial and entire loss of the targeted chromosome, including in preclinical chimeric antigen receptor T cells. T cells with chromosome loss persisted for weeks in culture, implying the potential to interfere with clinical use. A modified cell manufacturing process, employed in our first-in-human clinical trial of Cas9-engineered T cells (NCT03399448), reduced chromosome loss while largely preserving genome editing efficacy. Expression of p53 correlated with protection from chromosome loss observed in this protocol, suggesting both a mechanism and strategy for T cell engineering that mitigates this genotoxicity in the clinic.

Chronic stimulation can cause T cell dysfunction and limit the efficacy of cellular immunotherapies. Improved methods are required to compare large numbers of synthetic knockin (KI) sequences to reprogram cell functions. Here, we developed modular pooled KI screening (ModPoKI), an adaptable platform for modular construction of DNA KI libraries using barcoded multicistronic adaptors. We built two ModPoKI libraries of 100 transcription factors (TFs) and 129 natural and synthetic surface receptors (SRs). Over 30 ModPoKI screens across human TCR- and CAR-T cells in diverse conditions identified a transcription factor AP4 (TFAP4) construct that enhanced fitness of chronically stimulated CAR-T cells and anti-cancer function in vitro and in vivo. ModPoKI's modularity allowed us to generate an ∼10,000-member library of TF combinations. Non-viral KI of a combined BATF-TFAP4 polycistronic construct enhanced fitness. Overexpressed BATF and TFAP4 co-occupy and regulate key gene targets to reprogram T cell function. ModPoKI facilitates the discovery of complex gene constructs to program cellular functions.

BackgroundEstablishing and maintaining gamma knife facility incurs significant costs, mandating healthcare institutions to meticulously assess financial implications for sustainability.MethodsThis study explores the financial implications of setting up and operating a Gamma Knife facility, with an aim to ascertain user charges for achieving breakeven. The study was conducted from January to June 2019 at the largest neurosurgery centre of an Institute of National Importance (INI), in Delhi, India. Applying both Traditional and Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TD-ABC) methodologies, capital and operating expenses were calculated. (1US$ = INR 70.4 -Average value for the year 2019).ResultsThe average cost per gamma knife radio surgery procedure was calculated to be US $2,469 (INR 1,73,832), with major costs attributed to machinery & equipment (43.6%), followed by manpower (32.5%), electricity (9.67%), equipment maintenance (8.61%) etc. The initial investment to establish a Gamma Knife facility is significantly higher with an MRI unit (Model A) at US $ 9,836,423 (INR 69,24,84,164) compared to one without (Model B) at US $7,294,986 (INR 51,35,66,988). Currently, the patient has to pay US $1,065 (INR 75,000) for a gamma knife radio surgery, which poses a challenge for achieving breakeven since the variable cost for the same is US $1,367 (INR 96,239) per procedure.ConclusionThe study serve as a tool for strategic planning, pricing adjustments, and enhancing operational efficiencies, thus ensuring that such high-end technologies can be sustainably integrated into the public healthcare landscape of a developing country like India.

With the advent of Management and Technology, the World is witnessing a plethora of problems; mental issues occupying the prime spot. This provides an opportunity for the discipline of adaptive neuromanagement and integrated methodologies to offer a ‘way out’; for those afflicted with mental issues. Based on the protocol evaluations obtained through Adapted Neuromanagement, this paper applies a variety of personalized intervention techniques oriented from the neurointegral methodology. These techniques inc lude; intervention with neurofeedback and biofeedback, personalized training programs to improve neuronal and physiological self regulation. mindfulness and relaxation techniques, implementation of specific protocols to reduce stress and improve attention, adapted to individual needs virtual reality exposure therapy, development and application of personalized scenarios to treat phobias, anxiety and ptsd, cognitive performance training based on computational interface, implementation of adaptive programs to improve specific executive and cognitive functions, based on the individual neurocognitive profile, qualitative neuropsychological training, implementation of rehabilitation and neuropsychological correction programs aimed at improving the psychological and brain functioning of people, emotional freedom techniques, application of emotional reprocessing protocols to improve self regulation, adapted to specific emotional needs, guided neuroplasticity interventions, application of cognitive stimulation techn iques designed to promote neuroplasticity in specific brain areas, character strengths program, implementation of psychological well being management programs based on scientific evidence and personalized neuromanagement education.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy characterized by varying histological grades. Basement membrane laminin expression plays a crucial role in tumor invasion and progression. This study aimed to assess the immunohistochemical expression of basement membrane laminin in different histological grades of OSCC. Materials and Methods: Archival tissue samples of OSCC from 60 patients were categorized into well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated grades. Immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-laminin antibodies, and staining intensity was semiquantitatively analyzed using a scoring system. Results: The immunohistochemical analysis revealed varying levels of laminin expression across different histological grades of OSCC. Well-differentiated tumors showed an average staining intensity score of 7.2 (SD ± 1.5), moderately differentiated tumors had a score of 5.8 (SD ± 1.2), and poorly differentiated tumors exhibited a score of 4.3 (SD ± 0.9). Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference in laminin expression between histological grades (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate a progressive decrease in basement membrane laminin expression with an increasing histological grade of OSCC. This suggests that laminin may be a potential biomarker for assessing tumor aggressiveness and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Colon cancer is traditionally treated by an antimetabolite drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU) but has been linked to several drawbacks and systemic toxicity. To overcome drug associated toxicity, combination therapy is a promising strategy that synergistically enhances the therapeutic effects of co-delivered drugs while minimizing administration doses. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the anti-colon cancer potency of 5FU co-delivered with a phytochemical i.e., berbamine (BERB) in a Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) delivery system. CONPs loaded 5FU (5FU-CONPs) and BERB (BERB-CONPs) were prepared and characterized using different analytical techniques. Successful entrapment of both drugs into CONPs formulations was detected under X-ray diffraction (XRD) observations. Drug-loaded CONPs in combination showed effective anti-oxidant activity by preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations and had superior cytotoxic effects on HT-29 cell lines compared to treatment with native drugs singly or in combination. They also triggered apoptosis through p21, p53, Bax upregulation, and Bcl-2 downregulation, as confirmed by Western blot studies. Additionally, in silico analysis was performed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) to validate the in vitro results. Results of the study suggest that 5FU and BERB CONPs in combination could be taken as a possible therapeutic approach for colon cancer treatment.

The performance characteristics of an argon propellant Hall thruster with two types of propellant injectors, the axial and swirl injectors, were investigated. In the swirl injector, the propellant is injected in the tangential direction. At a discharge voltage of 150 V, the swirl injector achieved a higher propellant utilization efficiency (30.3%) and anode efficiency (8.8%) compared to the axial injector (26.7% and 7%, respectively). A numerical simulation quantitatively explained the reason for these differences, which shows an increase in the neutral particle density of 32.6% near the injection region and 7.8% at the exit of the hollow anode with the swirl injector. Neutral particle accommodation on the anode wall was found to be the predominant mechanism, which reduces the injection effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the effect of BruxZir Steel treatment on the fracture resistance of zirconia threeunit bridges prepared using 5Y-PSZ-based zirconia blanks. Materials and Methods: Three-unit zirconia bridges were milled using CAD/CAM from homogeneous bisque zirconia blanks (5Y-PSZ-based) supplied by various manufacturers and sintered. Fracture resistance was analyzed with dynamic loading. For each zirconia blank, the fracture resistance of the sintered test restoration (cementation surface treated with BruxZir Steel) was compared to the sintered control restoration (untreated cementation surface). Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to analyze the stress distribution on the three-unit bridge under an axial load. Results: The fracture resistance of the test restorations was significantly higher than that of the control restorations for all manufacturers considered in this study (P < .05). Furthermore, the restoration made of BruxZir Esthetic treated with BruxZir Steel had the highest fracture resistance compared to the other restorations. In addition, the three-unit bridge restorations prepared from 5Y-PSZ-based zirconia blanks exhibited differences in grain size and fracture toughness depending on the presence or absence of BruxZir Steel treatment. The locations of high stresses under FEA correlated well with the fracture locations in the corresponding experimental test. FEA also demonstrated the improved performance of the BruxZir Steel-treated sample compared to the control. Conclusions: The fracture resistance of 5Y-PSZ-based BruxZir Steel-treated three-unit bridges was significantly higher (min = 30%, max = 198%) than the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural sequence variation within mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contributes to human phenotypes and may serve as natural genetic markers in human cells for clonal and lineage tracing. We recently developed a single-cell multi-omic approach, called mitochondrial single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (mtscATAC-seq), enabling concomitant high-throughput mtDNA genotyping and accessible chromatin profiling. Specifically, our technique allows the mitochondrial genome-wide inference of mtDNA variant heteroplasmy along with information on cell state and accessible chromatin variation in individual cells. Leveraging somatic mtDNA mutations, our method further enables inference of clonal relationships among native ex vivo-derived human cells not amenable to genetic engineering-based clonal tracing approaches. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol for the use of mtscATAC-seq, including various cell-processing and flow cytometry workflows, by using primary hematopoietic cells, subsequent single-cell genomic library preparation and sequencing that collectively take ~3-4 days to complete. We discuss experimental and computational data quality control metrics and considerations for the extension to other mammalian tissues. Overall, mtscATAC-seq provides a broadly applicable platform to map clonal relationships between cells in human tissues, investigate fundamental aspects of mitochondrial genetics and enable additional modes of multi-omic discovery.

Current implant therapy is a frequently employed treatment for individuals who have lost teeth, as it offers functional and biological advantages over old prostheses. Concurrently, active exploration of intervention strategies aims to prevent the progression of peri-implant diseases and manage the existing peri-implant tissue damage. Indian Society of Periodontology has recognized the need for systematic documents to update the everyday clinical practice of general dental practitioners and has provided evidence-based consensus documents, namely good clinical practice recommendations from time to time to raise the oral health-related awareness and standards of oral health-care delivery across the country. The current clinical practice recommendations focused on peri-implant care to bridge the gap between academic theory and clinical practice by compiling evidence-based suggestions for preventing and treating peri-implant diseases. Twenty-eight subject experts across the country prepared these recommendations after a thorough literature review and group discussions. The document has been prepared in three sections covering peri-implant health and maintenance, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. It will be a quick and concise reference for oral implant practitioners in patient management. The guidelines provide distinct definitions, signs, and symptoms, treatment required; recall visit specifications for plausible clinical case situations, and home-care recommendations regarding maintaining peri-implant health. The document advocates combined efforts of oral implant practitioners and the population at large with evidence-based, integrated, and comprehensive peri-implant care. By providing accessible, applicable guidance, these guidelines would empower dental professionals to uphold the well-being of implant patients and ensure the long-term success of implant therapy.

The present paper analyzes the relationship between perceived public service performance, trust in the government, and citizens' willingness to participate in water governance with insights into broader state–citizen relations. The study is based on a household survey conducted in June 2022 that employed a multistage stratified random sampling within the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation limits of Andhra Pradesh, a southern state of India. The analysis reveals that citizens' perception of water service delivery performance positively affects trust in water managers while negatively affecting their willingness to participate in water governance. In contrast, the citizens' trust in water managers positively correlates to their willingness to participate. Moreover, the identified correlations among the three variables elucidate a circular pattern. The intricate circular pattern observed among these three variables complicates the citizen–state relationship. Understanding and navigating this complex web of relationships is crucial for policymakers and researchers seeking to enhance citizen participation and trust in water services. The circular nature of these interactions underscores the need for holistic and integrated approaches in addressing the multifaceted dynamics within the citizen–state relationship. HIGHLIGHTS Investigates the interplay among citizens'perceptions of water service delivery, trust in water managers, and willingness to participate.; Establishes evidence for mutual reciprocity among the three essential aspects of water governance.; Contributes empirically from a city in the Global South.; The study findings are instrumental in contributing to effective water management practices, strengthening the citizen–state relationship.;