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Introduction: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe adverse drug reactions characterized by widespread blistering and mucositis. Wilson’s disease is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder that results in excessive copper accumulation in the body, where penicillamine is an effective treatment option for copper chelation. Penicillamine-induced SJS-TEN is a rare but potentially fatal adverse effect. There is increased susceptibility to SJS/TEN in HIV infection due to immunosuppression and chronic liver disease due to impaired hepatic function. Objective: To diagnose and manage the occurrence of the rare severe adverse cutaneous drug reactions in the backdrop of immunosuppression and chronic liver disease. Methodology: A case report CASE REPORT: We are reporting penicillamine-induced SJS-TEN overlap in a 30-year-old male with Wilson’s disease, HIV and Hepatitis B who was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins. The patient later developed a neurotrophic ulcer in the right cornea as a delayed sequela. Conclusion: Our case report emphasizes that there is an increased predisposition to SJS/TEN in immunocompromised and chronic liver disease patients. Physicians should be well aware of the potential danger of SJS/TEN in this subset of patients, even while prescribing a relatively safer drug.

OBJECTIVE To compile available evidence to better understand the management of leg ulcers in sickle cell disease (SCD), as well as describe potential therapeutic steps that may be required to improve the quality of life of patients with SCD leg ulcers. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. STUDY SELECTION A comprehensive search was conducted to retrieve relevant studies using the keywords "sickle cell disease and leg ulcer," "ulcer treatments, diagnosis and sickle cell," and "wound sickle cell." Studies published through July 2020 were included. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent authors selected all studies that assessed the relationship between leg ulcer and SCD identified from online databases. DATA SYNTHESIS The authors have summarized updated information on pathophysiology (vasculopathy linked to chronic hemolysis and endothelial dysfunction), diagnosis, and available treatment options to unravel the dermohematologic connection between leg ulcers and SCD. CONCLUSIONS It is the authors' hope that this detailed discussion of the information available on leg ulcers and SCD will lead to a better appreciation of this clinical problem by the clinicians and researchers and in turn have a long-term positive effect on the quality of life of patients with SCD. Researchers should design new trials considering these insights and potential therapeutic approaches based on current knowledge.

Poster session 3, September 23, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM Introduction A rare finding of abdominal wall clinical presentation of persistent progressive tumefaction with draining sinus with no granules caused by Nocardia brasiliensis. Methods History: A 22-year-old presented to the Dermatology OPD with complaints of swelling and tenderness and discharging sinuses with no granules around the periumbilical region in the lower abdominal area for three years. His initial fine needle aspiration cytology specimen report was inconclusive. He received anti-Kochs treatment based on a positive Montoux test and family history from outside the hospital. Initially punch biopsy samples were sent for fungal processing to our laboratory which was inconclusive. Repeat pus aspirate and punch biopsy samples were subjected to conventional techniques. The sample was inoculated on Sabouraud's Dextrose agar, Brain heart Infusion agar, and Lowenstein-Jensen media. Direct Smear was subjected to Gram stain and Modified Zeihl Neelson stain with 1% Sulfuric acid as decoloriser. Results Conclusion

Methotrexate is an anti-metabolite, anti-cancer drug frequently used in the treatment of extensive chronic plaque psoriasis. Psoriatic plaque erosion is a rare toxic side effect of single-dose methotrexate and is described as a sign of impending pancytopenia. Here, we report a case of a 48- year-old male presented with multiple oral and genital erosions, accompanied by fissuring over palm and soles for 5 days. His laboratory tests revealed severe pancytopenia and nephropathy. He had a history of chronic plaque psoriasis for which he took a single dose of 15 mg methotrexate. During the hospital stay, the patient needed folate antagonist, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, and platelet transfusions. He recovered within 12 days of admission.

Vaccines are indeed a boon for tackling the present COVID-19 pandemic. In India, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield) is the most commonly used vaccine in the government vaccination program for adults more than 18 years of age. It is a recombinant vaccine developed by Oxford-Astra Zeneca and manufactured in India by Serum Institute of India (SSI). Here, we report a case of severe pemphigus vulgaris following the second dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in an adult male. The patient developed septicemia during the course of hospital stay, and he was managed with systemic steroids, parenteral antibiotics, and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) along with proper wound care. Patient started improving within 1 month of therapy. This case is being reported in view of the rarity of pemphigus vulgaris following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.

Power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) experience conditions of high field during normal operation. During switching conditions, unexpected transient events may occur which force devices into avalanche or short circuit conditions. Moreover, silicon carbide devices typically experience higher fields in the gate oxide and drift regions than comparable Si devices due to channel and drift property differences. A summary of SiC MOSFET reliability and ruggedness test results are reported here. Reliability tests under high field conditions: positive-bias and negative-bias temperature instability (PBTI, NBTI) to examine threshold stability; time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) for gate oxide lifetime extrapolation; high-temperature reverse bias (HTRB); and HTRB testing under high neutron flux to determine terrestrial neutron single-event burnout (SEB) rates. High-power ruggedness evaluation is presented for SiC MOSFETs under forced avalanche conditions (unclamped inductive switching (UIS)) and under short-circuit operation to bound device safe operating areas. Overall results demonstrate the intrinsic reliability of SiC MOSFETs.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected every sphere of life including management of psoriasis. The availability of COVID-19 vaccines has given rise to hope and at the same time some apprehensions as well. With the general population becoming eligible for vaccination, there is some confusion, on the eligibility of patients with different medical conditions and patients on immunosuppressive or immunomodulating medications for COVID-19 vaccination. Dermatologists treating psoriasis patients frequently face questions from them, whether they can undergo coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination. A PUBMED search was performed using the following strategy: ‘COVID-19’ AND ‘Vaccine’ AND ‘Psoriasis’. We also performed a PUBMED search using the following strategy: ‘SARS-CoV-2’ AND ‘Vaccine’ AND ‘Psoriasis’. All articles irrespective of language and publication date were included to arrive at this position statement. This position statement deals with the safety, eligibility and modifications of treatment, if needed among psoriasis patients with regards to the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines currently available in India.

Leprosy was eliminated globally in 2000, but it continues to be endemic in developing countries like India, Brazil and Indonesia, with a prevalence of 0.57/10 000 persons in India (2020). At the end of the year 2020, the prevalence was 129 389, and oral manifestation of the leprosy is luncommon. We hereby report a case of a female patient in her late 30s who presented with palatal perforation. Following a thorough history taking and full body clinical examination, we arrived at a diagnosis of leprosy, and prompt treatment was initiated. Knowledge of cases like this becomes important as the oral lesion is said to form an essential source of leprosy dissemination in the community, and awareness about them becomes crucial, demanding immediate attention.

Deformities and disabilities in leprosy lead to significant morbidity to the individual and financial burden to the family. As the prevalence of leprosy is higher in central India, this study was conducted to know the burden of deformity and disability among leprosy patients in central India and the factors associated with it.This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study, conducted on 50 new or on treatment or released from treatment leprosy patients, attending the Dermatology OPD of a tertiary care institute in Central India. Disability was graded as per the WHO criteria for disability grading of hands and feet.Grade 2 disability was found among 32% of the patients with leprosy, whereas a total of 60% of our patients had either grade 1 or grade 2 disabilities. Trophic ulcer was found among 20% and claw hand among 14% of leprosy patients. We found significant associations of lepromatous leprosy with trophic ulcer (p = 0.004) and grade 2 disability (p = 0.012). All patients with claw hands and 80% of the patients with trophic ulcers presented to the healthcare facility at least 6 months after the onset of symptoms.We found very high rates of disability and deformity among leprosy patients indicating possible huge burden of morbidity among leprosy patients in central India. The significant association of lepromatous leprosy with trophic ulcer and grade 2 disability indicated delayed presentation and diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy patients. Our results underlined the need for large scale community-based studies on disability and deformity among leprosy patients in Central India. These results also call for better training of primary level healthcare workers for early detection and management of deformities and disabilities as well as better patient education for leprosy patients regarding hand and foot care.

Gate oxide reliability on silicon carbide MOSFETs and large-area SiC N-type capacitors was studied for devices fabricated on 150mm SiC substrates. Oxide lifetime was measured under accelerated stress conditions using constant-voltage time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) testing, or ramped-voltage breakdown (RBD) testing. TDDB results from 1200V Gen3 MOSFETs reveal a field acceleration parameter of about 35 nm/V, similar to values reported for SiO2 on silicon. Temperature-dependent RBD tests of large capacitors from 25°C to 200°C reveal an apparent activation energy of 0.24eV, indicating that oxide lifetime increases as the temperature is decreased, as expected. Using this acceleration parameter and activation energy in the linear field model, the gate oxide lifetime from MOSFET TDDB testing extrapolates to greater than 108 hours at a gate voltage of 15 VGS at 175°C.

In this paper, single pulse unclamped inductive switching (UIS) test of Wolfspeed Gen-3 10 kV, 15 A 4H-SiC MOSFETs is performed for four operating conditions at room temperature. The avalanche energy is observed to be around 7.0 J. The measured values are in good agreement with expected behavior, which may be extrapolated beyond the experimentally measured range. Failure analysis was conducted after each device failure to observe the failure locations. Avalanche parameters of SiC MOSFETs with various voltage ratings are compared. The avalanche energy of the Gen-3 10 kV, 15 A 4H-SiC MOSFETs is obtained to be superior to earlier generations of 10 kV SiC MOSFETs.

Subcutaneous zygomycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by Basidiobolus ranarum. This entity is usually endemic in South India and only limited numbers of cases have been reported from central India. We report a case of 4-year-old male child from Chhattisgarh, who presented with a painless, non-tender, large, subcutaneous swelling of 4 months duration on the right upper arm, which was initially misdiagnosed as benign spindle cell tumor and advised surgical resection. But the fungal culture of the affected tissue grown Basidiobolus ranarum and the child responded very well to itraconazole therapy only. Keywords: Basidiobolus ranarum, Subcutaneous zygomycosis, Fungal infection, Spindle cell tumor, Itraconazole therapy

Background: Psoriasis is a common inflammatory disease with significant comorbidities, and regardless of its extent, it affects the patients' quality of life. The various modalities of treating psoriasis comprise topical or systemic medications, phototherapy, and an array of biologic agents. There is a lack of Indian recommendations on the management of psoriasis with these different modalities and challenges faced by the clinicians in day-to-day practice. Aim: To develop India-specific consensus for systemic management of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Method and Results: A panel of dermatology experts, based on the evidence and international recommendations, coupled with their own clinical experience, developed recommendations for systemic management of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Conclusion: These recommendations are meant to provide guidance in terms of choice of systemic therapies, dosing, effectiveness, and safety. It also addresses clinical challenges that may be experienced during psoriasis management.

Power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) experience conditions of high field during normal operation. During switching conditions, unexpected transient events may occur which force devices into avalanche or short circuit conditions. Moreover, silicon carbide devices typically experience higher fields in the gate oxide and drift regions than comparable Si devices due to channel and drift property differences. A summary of 4H-SiC MOSFET reliability and ruggedness test results are reported here. Reliability tests under high field conditions: positive-bias and negative-bias temperature instability (PBTI, NBTI) to examine threshold stability; time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) for gate oxide lifetime extrapolation; high-temperature reverse bias (HTRB); and HTRB testing under high neutron flux to determine terrestrial neutron single-event burnout (SEB) rates. High-power ruggedness evaluation is presented for SiC MOSFETs under forced avalanche conditions (unclamped inductive switching (UIS)) and under short-circuit operation to bound device safe operating areas. Overall results demonstrate the intrinsic reliability of SiC MOSFETs.

Background: Cutaneous manifestation of COVID 19 in children has not yet been reviewed systematically and hence this review gives a future direction to the clinicians to be vigilant for skin presentations during such pandemic.Methodology: The review was done as per the guidelines of PRISMA and literature search was done on PubMed database using keywords as COVID-19, children and skin in different combinations. Articles published in English with cases of age 1 month to 18 years were eligible. The outcome included varied aspects of cutaneous and COVID-19 infection. The review protocol was not registered.Results: Of 51 publications identified, 13 studies containing 149 children met the eligibility criteria. Acrally located erythematous maculopapular lesion was the most common finding in 138 children. Erythema multiforme, varicella like exanthem and Kawasaki disease like presentations were reported in the rest of the cases. The duration of the skin lesion was 1-2 weeks in 43%. Skin biopsy done in 18 cases revealed superficial & deep perivascular and peri-eccrine lymphocytic infiltrate & lymphocytic vasculitis. RT-PCR was positive in 13.8% cases. Serological markers for HSV, parvovirus B19 analyzed across various studies, were found negative, except for mycoplasma pneumoniae in 2 of 20 cases tested.Discussion: Clinicopathologic analysis established chilblains like lesion in 43% cases with no confirmed etiology like cold exposure, autoimmune dysfunction, drug reaction, or viral infection. The usual cephalo-caudal spread of a viral exanthem was also missing. However, a low number of discussed cases was a limitation of the study.Conclusion: In the absence of any confirmed etiology for such cutaneous manifestations, the possibility of COVID-19 should be explored and evaluated thoroughly during such pandemic.

Werner's syndrome (WS) or progeria adultorum is a heritable autosomal recessive disease in which the aging process is accelerated, just after puberty. It is caused by mutations in the WRN gene, which encodes a member of the RECQ family of DNA helicases and has a role in DNA repair. WS is being more appropriately recognized as a condition in which the lack of WRN protein results in an overall decline in the normal physiological functions of various organs rather than premature aging. Here, we describe a rare case of WS with a novel mutation from India. Our patient was an adult male with a history of growth arrest since puberty and other clinical features such as sclerodermatous skin changes, premature graying and thinning of hair, bilateral cataract, a single non-healing ulcer, hypothyroidism, underdeveloped secondary sexual characters with hypogonadism, infertility, squeaky voice, and early signs of arteriosclerosis. On genetic analysis, he was found to have a homozygous pathogenic variant c.3190C>T in exon 26 of the WRN gene, which has never been reported in WS.

Dermatology knowledge among fresh medical graduates is poor in India as undergraduate medical curriculum and Internship training lack adequate focus on this subject. This contributes to the inappropriate management of Dermatology patients by the medical graduates.To analyse the expectations, motivations and experience of interns during their dermatology posting.This was a retrospective record review of questionnaire-based anonymous validated feedback forms submitted by interns posted in a dermatology department of a tertiary care institute. The feedback form contained nine multiple choice questions some of which allowed multiple responses.A total of 63 completed forms were analysed. The common expectations before the posting were, to learn the management of basic dermatological problems (98.4%), to take an informed decision regarding post-graduation in dermatology (53.9%) and hope that the posting will be useful for the postgraduate entrance test (50.7%). After the posting, 69.87% of them felt that their expectations were fulfilled. After the posting, 84.1% of the interns felt that they would have liked to study dermatology as a separate undergraduate subject with a summative assessment at the end.The sample size was less and the feedback form contained limited questions.The majority of the interns were satisfied after dermatology posting. Increased exposure of interns to dermatology inpatients and side laboratory procedures will further enrich their clinical experience. The inclusion of dermatology as a separate subject with examination in the undergraduate curriculum was a felt need.

The design and performance of a 28 V, 3-stage, Ka-band, GaN-on-SiC, power amplifier MMIC with high efficiency and low gain compression are presented. At 30 GHz, the MMIC provides saturated power of 37.6 dBm with an associated PAE of 39.8%. P1dB is within 1 dB of saturated power over the 26.5-30.5 GHz band. At 30 GHz, P1dB is 37.1 dBm with an associated PAE of 37.8%. In addition, the MMIC has a low quiescent bias of 72 mA.

This paper discusses the reliability performance of Wolfspeed GaN/AlGaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) MMIC released process technologies, fabricated on 100 mm high purity semi-insulating (HPSI) 4H-SiC substrates. The intrinsic reliability performances of the 28 V and 40 V technologies, with 400 nm and 250 nm gate length, have been characterized with DC accelerated life test (DC-ALT), for which ohmic contact inter-diffusion is the wear-out mechanism, and is accelerated by temperature and current. The intrinsic reliability performance of the 50 V technologies, with 400 nm gate length, have been characterized with RF-ALT, for which source-connected second field plate void coalescence is the wear-out mechanism which is accelerated by temperature. In spite of the differences in the accelerated test methodologies and wear-out mechanisms, all of the Wolfspeed GaN-on-SiC technologies demonstrate high and similar predicted lifetimes at their respective maximum recommended operating conditions. The reliability performance is supported with successful technology qualifications with zero failures, and volume manufacturing with a demonstrated low field failure rate.

Background: Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a common, self-limiting dermatologic disorder. The information regarding the clinical profile of the disease in India is limited because of inadequate studies. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, record-based study on the clinical presentation of PR was conducted in a tertiary care center based in Central India. Data of all the patients presenting to our outpatient department from October 2014 to March 2015 with a clinical diagnosis of PR were analyzed. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 9 to 54 (mean-20.32) years. There was a male preponderance with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. History of prodromal symptoms was present in 11 (27.5%) patients. Pruritus was a common symptom in 30 of 40 (75%) patients. Of 40 patients, 15 (35%) had herald patch. The morphology of skin lesions was typical in most of the patients (77.5%). Two (5%) patients had papular skin lesions, four (10%) patients had erythema multiforme-like skin lesions, and one patient each had papulovesicular, psoriasiform, and eczematous skin lesions. Conclusion: The clinical features of most of the cases were mostly in accordance with the classical pattern of PR, with few unusual features.

Background: Health care–associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(HA-MRSA) are resistant to multiple antibiotics, therefore infections caused by them are difficult to treat resulting in high morbidity and mortality. While most of the research activities and public health initiatives are focused on HA-MRSA, the newly emerging pathogen, community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) is gaining in significance in respect to patient morbidity. There is a significant paucity of data regarding CA-MRSA in the developing parts of the world. Aim: To study the proportions of HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA infections among patients with culture-proven S. aureus infection and to find out how many of these patients showed presence of MRSA in nasal cultures of healthy contacts. Materials and Methods: Clinical details of 227 patients were recorded in the study, such as the duration and recurrence of the infection, history of antibiotic intake, and the presence of other medical illnesses. A pus swab was taken from each lesion and sent for culture and sensitivity. If the culture grew S. aureus, they were screened for methicillin resistance. A swab from the anterior nares of the healthy contact of each patient, whenever available, was collected and it was screened for MRSA. Results: Furunculosis was most common among the primary pyodermas (53/134; 39. 5%). Out of 239 pus culture samples obtained from 227 patients, 192 (84.58%) grew S. aureus; of these 150 (78.12%) were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), whereas 42 (21.98%) were MRSA. Out of the 42 MRSA isolated, 33 turned out to be CA-MRSA (78%) and 9 (22%) were HA-MRSA. Nasal swabs of healthy contacts of 34 MRSA patients were cultured. Out of them, two grew MRSA in the culture. Conclusion: The isolation rate of S. aureus was high in our study. Furthermore, our study, although hospital based, clearly indicated the substantial magnitude of the CA-MRSA problem in the local population.

Lichen nitidus is usually a chronic localized disease of unknown etiology having multiple differentials. A 10-year-old boy presented with itchy, multiple, discrete, grouped, and minute papules with surrounding erythema in some and exfoliation in few others, involving the center of the right palm, the palmar aspect of the left little finger with few lesions over the dorsal surface of both the hands. The presenting feature misguided us with a few clinical points which are unusual in lichen nitidus. We report the case to highlight the clinical mimicry and limitations of clinical assessment for diagnosing lichen nitidus.

Background: Hepatic diseases are common among chronic kidney disease patients and liver function tests particularly serum liver enzymes play an important role in diagnosing and monitoring these patients. Serum aminotransferase levels commonly fall near the lower end of the range of the normal values in patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD). High-levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) can occur in these patients due to renal osteodystrophy. Thus, the recognition of liver damage in these patients is challenging. Aim: To compare the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ALP among three groups - CKD patients without end stage renal disease (ESRD), patients with ESRD and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, hospital-based study was carried out from 100 patients' records from each group and serum AST, ALT and ALP values were noted. Results: Our study showed that serum AST and ALT levels were significantly lower in CKD patients both without and with ESRD compared to controls. Further, these two enzyme levels were also significantly lower in CKD patients with ESRD compared to CKD patients without the condition. Serum ALP levels were significantly higher in patients with and without ESRD as compared to the controls. However, the values did not differ significantly between patients with and without ESRD. Conclusion: Levels of serum aminotransferases were low in CKD with and without ESRD and the levels become lower as the severity of CKD increases. Thus, the study established the need for separate reference ranges of serum aminotransferase in different stages of CKD.

Introduction Allergic contact dermatitis is an important cause of hand eczema. Patch testing is the only investigation available to prove the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. Exposures to allergens differ according to geographical, occupational, economic and social factors. Accordingly, patterns of allergic contact dermatitis differ in different parts of the world and different regions of the same country. Aim To study the causes of allergic contact dermatitis in adult patients with hand eczema with the help of patch testing. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 54 hand eczema patients conducted between October 2013 and June 2015, at a tertiary care centre in Southern India. After a detailed history including history of occupational exposure and detailed examination, patch test was done on these patients with Indian standard series. The patches were removed after 48 hours. Another reading was taken after 72 hours. The readings were interpreted according to International Contact Dermatitis Research Group criteria and noted down. The data were summarized using mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and percentages for categorical and dichotomous variables. The test of association was done with Fisher's-exact test. Results Hyperkeratotic hand eczema was the commonest morphological type (29%), followed by discoid eczema. Pompholyx was significantly more common among patients with history of atopy. A total of 20 patients (37%) showed patch test positivity to a total of 25 allergens. Nickel was the most common allergen (11.11%) followed by para-phenylenediamine (PPD) (7.4%). Nickel (6 patients) and cobalt (3 patients) were the common allergens among women, while potassium dichromate (3 patients) and parthenium (2 patients) were the common allergens among men. Potassium dichromate allergy was significantly more common among masons and PPD allergy was significantly more common among hair dye users. Discoid pattern of hand eczema was common among patients with allergy to potassium dichromate. Conclusion Majority of the cases of hand eczema are not due to allergic contact dermatitis. History of atopy is common among patients with pompholyx. Allergic contact dermatitis due to nickel remains a common cause of hand eczema.

Resolution of optical fault isolation (FI) and nanoprobing tools needs to keep pace with the device downscaling to be effective for semiconductor process development. In this paper we present and discuss state-of-the-art FI and nanoprobing techniques evaluated on Intel test-chips fabricated on next generation process technology. Promising results were obtained but further improvements are necessary for the 7nm node and beyond.

AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMT) have been grown by radio frequency molecular beam epi-taxy (RF-MBE) on 3″ Si substrates. A record low contact resistance Rc ˜ 0.11 Ω.mm has been achieved for GaN HEMTs on Si by using non alloyed ohmic contacts regrown by MBE. Owing to the low contact resistance a 75-nm gate length unpassivated HEMT shows intrinsic current gain cut-off frequency fT =153 GHz, a high saturation drain current density> 1.3 A/mm and a low RON of 1 Ω.mm, among the best reported for HEMTs on Si. With further scaling GaN HEMTs on Si can compete in the high-performance RF arena with similar devices on SiC, while exploiting the many advantages of integration with Si. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Mucous membrane pemphigoid describes a rare heterogeneous group of chronic, inflammatory, mucous membrane-dominated, subepithelial blistering diseases that manifest a varying constellation of oral, ocular, skin, genital, nasopharyngeal, esophageal, and laryngeal lesions. Life-threatening airway obstruction and sight-threatening ocular scarring can occur in this condition, which is rarely reported in Indian literature. Vitiligo is another acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by loss of melanocytes. Vitiligo is associated with a number of disorders also considered to be autoimmune. Here we report a very rare coexistence of MMP and vitiligo, the first such report from India.

This work shows that the combination of ultrathin highly strained GaN quantum wells embedded in an AlN matrix, with controlled isotopic concentrations of Nitrogen enables a dual marker method for Raman spectroscopy. By combining these techniques, we demonstrate the effectiveness in studying strain in the vertical direction. This technique will enable the precise probing of properties of buried active layers in heterostructures, and can be extended in the future to vertical devices such as those used for optical emitters, and for power electronics., 18 pages, 4 figures, published in Applied Physics Letters