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56. GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE: S109

Author

Treutlein, J., Cichon, S., Ridinger, M., Wodarz, N., Soyka, M., Maier, W., Moessner, R., Dahmen, N., Fehr, C., Scherbaum, N., Wichmann, E., Schreiber, S., Dragano, N., Sommer, W. H., Wienker, T., Sullivan, P. F., Nöthen, M., Kiefer, F., Spanagel, R., Mann, K. F, and Rietschel, M.

Published
2010

62. Substance Abuse-Related Self-Stigma in Women with Substance Use Disorder and Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Author

Melchior, Hanne, Huesing, Paul, Grundmann, Johanna, Lotzin, Annett, Hiller, Philipp, Pan, Yiqi, Driessen, Martin, Scherbaum, Norbert, Schneider, Barbara, Hillemacher, Thomas, Stolzenburg, Susanne, Schomerus, Georg, Schaefer, Ingo, Schaefer, I, Barnow, S., Bullinger, M., Haerter, M., Hiller, P., Hillemacher, T., Klein, M., Muhtz, C., Muelhan, M., Ravens-Sieberer, U., Scherbaum, N., Thomasius, R., Schneider, B., Wegscheider, K., and Pawils, S.

Subjects
Adult, Health (social science), Adolescent, Substance-Related Disorders, Social Stigma, Medizin, 030508 substance abuse, Medicine (miscellaneous), Comorbidity, Models, Psychological, Affect (psychology), behavioral disciplines and activities, Childhood trauma, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » LVR-Klinikum Essen » Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Germany, mental disorders, Medicine, Humans, ddc:610, Self-stigma, Substance use disorders, Depression (differential diagnoses), Aged, Ego, Stereotyping, business.industry, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Multilevel model, CTQ tree, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Substance abuse, Psychiatry and Mental health, Posttraumatic stress, Harm, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Self stigma, Stereotypes, 0305 other medical science, business, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Background: Self-stigma is a result of internalizing negative stereotypes by the affected person. Research on self-stigma in substance use disorders (SUD) is still scarce, especially regarding the role of childhood trauma and subsequent posttraumatic disorders. Objectives: The present study investigated the progressive model of self-stigma in women with SUD and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the predictive value of PTSD severity and childhood trauma experiences on self-stigma. Method: In a cross-sectional study with 343 women with SUD and PTSD, we used the Self-Stigma in Alcohol Dependency Scale, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the PTSD Symptom Scale Interview (PSS-I), and to control for SUD severity and depression, the Addiction Severity Index Lite and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for each stage of self-stigma (aware-agree-apply-harm). Results: The interrelated successive stages of self-stigma were largely confirmed. In the regression models, no significant effects of the PSS-I- and the CTQ-scores were observed at any stage of self-stigma. Agreeing with negative stereotypes was solely predicted by younger age, applying these stereotypes to oneself was higher in women with younger age, higher depression and SUD severity, and suffering from the application (harm) was only predicted by depression. Conclusions: The progressive model of self-stigma could be confirmed in women with SUD and PTSD, but PTSD severity and childhood trauma did not directly affect this process. Self-stigma appears to be related to depression in a stronger way than PTSD is related to women with SUD and PTSD.

Published
2018

66. Levo-α-acetylmethadol (LAAM) induced QTc-prolongation - results from a controlled clinical trial

Author

Wieneke H, Conrads H, Wolstein J, Breuckmann F, Gastpar M, Erbel R, and Scherbaum N

Subjects
LAAM, methadone, opiate addiction, cardiac arrhythmia, QTc-interval, Medicine
Abstract

Abstract Background Due to potential proarrhythmic side-effects levo-α-Acetylmethadol (LAAM) is currently not available in EU countries as maintenance drug in the treatment of opiate addiction. However, recent studies and meta-analyses underline the clinical advantages of LAAM with respect to the reduction of heroin use. Thus a reappraisal of LAAM has been demanded. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relative impact of LAAM on QTc-interval, as a measure of pro-arrhythmic risk, in comparison to methadone, the current standard in substitution therapy. Methods ECG recordings were analysed within a randomized, controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of maintenance treatment with LAAM compared with racemic methadone. Recordings were done at two points: 1) during a run-in period with all patients on methadone and 2) 24 weeks after randomisation into methadone or LAAM treatment group. These ECG recordings were analysed with respect to QTc-values and QTc-dispersion. Mean values as well as individual changes compared to baseline parameters were evaluated. QTc-intervals were classified according to CPMP-guidelines. Results Complete ECG data sets could be obtained in 53 patients (31 LAAM-group, 22 methadone-group). No clinical cardiac complications were observed in either group. After 24 weeks, patients receiving LAAM showed a significant increase in QTc-interval (0.409 s ± 0.022 s versus 0.418 s ± 0.028 s, p = 0.046), whereas no significant changes could be observed in patients remaining on methadone. There was no statistically significant change in QTc-dispersion in either group. More patients with borderline prolonged and prolonged QTc-intervals were observed in the LAAM than in the methadone treatment group (n = 7 vs. n = 1; p = 0.1). Conclusions In this controlled trial LAAM induced QTc-prolongation in a higher degree than methadone. Given reports of severe arrhythmic events, careful ECG-monitoring is recommended under LAAM medication.

Published
2009
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67. Cognitive bias modification as an add-on treatment in clinical depression: Results from a placebo-controlled, single-blinded randomized control trial

Author

Vrijsen, J.N., Fischer, V.S., Müller, B.W., Scherbaum, N., Becker, E.S., Rinck, M., Tendolkar, I., Vrijsen, J.N., Fischer, V.S., Müller, B.W., Scherbaum, N., Becker, E.S., Rinck, M., and Tendolkar, I.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 191992.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), Background: Only 60% of depressed patients respond sufficiently to treatment, so there is a dire need for novel approaches to improve treatment effects. Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) may be an effective and easily implemented computerized add-on to treatment-as-usual. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a positivity-attention training and a positivity-approach training compared to control trainings. Methods: In a blinded randomized-controlled design, 139 depressed inpatients received either the CBM Attention Dot-Probe Training (DPT) or the CBM Approach-Avoidance Training (AAT), next to treatment as usual. N = 121 finished all four training sessions. Both trainings had an active and a control condition. In both active conditions, patients were trained to preferentially process generally positive pictures over neutral pictures. Depressive symptom severity was assessed before and after CBM, and positivity bias was measured at the start and end of each session. Results: Clinician-rated depressive symptom severity decreased more in patients who received the active condition of the DPT or the AAT compared to patients in the control conditions. Significant change in positivity bias was found for the DPT (not the AAT), but did not mediate the effect of the training on depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The results suggest that both types of CBM (i.e., DPT and AAT) may provide a fitting add-on treatment option for clinical depression. The working mechanisms and optimal dose of CBM trainings, plus their possible combination, should be examined in more detail.

Published
2018

68. New/emerging psychoactive substances and associated psychopathological consequences.

Author

Schifano, F., Napoletano, F., Chiappini, S., Guirguis, A., Corkery, J. M., Bonaccorso, S., Ricciardi, A., Scherbaum, N., and Vento, A.

Subjects
CANNABINOIDS, COMPUTER software, DRUG addiction, INTERNET, MEDICAL prescriptions, PATHOLOGICAL psychology, PSYCHIATRIC drugs, SYNTHETIC drugs, INFORMATION resources, PHARMACODYNAMICS
Abstract

Background: The present paper provides an updated review of both the large number of new/novel/emerging psychoactive substances (NPS) and their associated psychopathological consequences. Focus was here given on identification of those NPS being commented in specialised online sources and the related short-/long-term psychopathological and medical ill-health effects. Methods: NPS have been identified through an innovative crawling/navigating software, called the 'NPS.Finder®', created in order to facilitate the process of early recognition of NPS online. A range of information regarding NPS, including chemical and street names; chemical formula; three-dimensional image and anecdotally reported clinical/psychoactive effects, were here made available. Results: Using the 'NPS.Finder®' approach, a few thousand NPS were here preliminarily identified, a number which is about 4-fold higher than those figures suggested by European and international drug agencies. NPS most commonly associated with the onset of psychopathological consequences included here synthetic cannabinoids/cannabimimetics; new synthetic opioids; ketamine-like dissociatives; novel stimulants; novel psychedelics and several prescription and over-the-counter medicines. Conclusions: The ever-increasing changes in terms of recreational psychotropics' availability represent a relatively new challenge for psychiatry, as the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of many NPS have not been thoroughly understood. Health/mental health professionals should be informed about the range of NPS; their intake modalities; their psychoactive sought-after effects; the idiosyncratic psychotropics' combinations and finally, their medical and psychopathological risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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70. Lebensqualität und Depression bei Hörminderung

Author

Tretbar, K., primary, Basilowski, M., additional, Wiedmann, K., additional, Bartels, C., additional, Heßmann, P., additional, Kownatka, M., additional, Signerski-Krieger, J., additional, Scherbaum, N., additional, Meuret, S., additional, Fuchs, M., additional, Wiltfang, J., additional, Kis, B., additional, and Abdel-Hamid, M., additional

Published
2018
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72. From Bones to Brain: 50 Years of Star Trek and Changes in the Stigmatization of Psychological Disorders

Author

Basilowski, M., primary, Schönfeld, B., additional, Esser, S., additional, Jatho, A., additional, Kownatka, M., additional, Signerski-Krieger, J., additional, Esselmann, H., additional, Grabemann, M., additional, Mette, C., additional, Strunz, L., additional, Zimmermann, M., additional, Lajcsak, E., additional, Scherbaum, N., additional, Wiltfang, J., additional, Kis, B., additional, and Abdel-Hamid, M., additional

Published
2018
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75. Engagement in the Overdose RIsk InfOrmatioN (ORION) e-Health Tool for Opioid Overdose Prevention and Self-Efficacy: A Preliminary Study

Author

Carrà, G, Crocamo, C, Humphris, G, Tabacchi, T, Bartoli, F, Neufeind, J, Scherbaum, N, Baldacchino, A, Baldacchino, A., Carrà, G, Crocamo, C, Humphris, G, Tabacchi, T, Bartoli, F, Neufeind, J, Scherbaum, N, Baldacchino, A, and Baldacchino, A.

Abstract

Increasing awareness of, and information about, overdose risk is an appropriate approach in risk reduction. e-Health technology in substance use disorders is an opportunity to support behavioral changes related to public health concerns. The present study aimed to evaluate the short-term impact of an innovative e-health psychoeducational software, the Overdose RIsk InfOrmatioN (ORION) tool. The ORION programme provided relevant information to opioid-dependent individuals about the risk of suffering a drug overdose as a result of high risky and dysfunctional behaviors. Seven aggregate risk factors were identified through a systematic review and their outputs included in a risk estimation model. We recruited 194 opioid-dependent treatment-seeking individuals from the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, and Denmark. All participants were given at study entry, and after their use of the software, the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale. We found comparable pre- and post-ORION administration mean GSE scores (SD), 28.49 (5.50) and 28.32 (5.90), respectively (p = 0.297). However, there was an inverse correlation between the number of risk factors and reported levels of self-efficacy (p < 0.001). ORION was able to identify individuals who are most in need of reducing their modifiable risk factors with appropriate interventions. However, a one-shot e-health tool cannot influence complex domains such as self-efficacy unless this is used with other effective interventions. Nonetheless, the ORION tool is unique in its style and content of delivery, that is translating risks combination into a clear estimation, and will need further development such as (a) integration in smartphone-based e-health apps and (b) testing in other high-risk populations.

Published
2017

76. Engagement in an e-health tool (ORION) predicts opioid-dependent patient likelihood of behavioural change

Author

Humphris, G, Carra', G, Frisher, M, Neufeind, J, Cecil, J, Scherbaum, N, Crome, I, Baldacchino, A, Baldacchino, A., CARRA', GIUSEPPE, Humphris, G, Carra', G, Frisher, M, Neufeind, J, Cecil, J, Scherbaum, N, Crome, I, Baldacchino, A, Baldacchino, A., and CARRA', GIUSEPPE

Abstract

An eHealth computer-based tool named ORION was constructed to assist patients in the clinic to appreciate the factors responsible for risks of drug overdose. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between risk perception of overdose, engagement in the ORION tool and willingness to alter overdose risk factors. Methods: 194 opioid dependent patients participated from 4 countries (UK, N=39; Germany, N=99; Italy, N=40 and Denmark, N=16). A structural equation model was fitted (AMOS version 17) to summarise the predicted associations between perceived risk and willingness to change risks of opioid overdose. The degree of engagement with the tool (time spent and number of changes to overdose risk factors) was explored. Results: A variety of models were fitted and the most parsimonious model provided a non-significant difference between the raw data and the specified model: Chi Sq = 16.87, df10, p =.077 chi sq/df = 1.688. The fit indices: CFI =.991, RMSEA =.066. Pre and post self-assessments of risk towards known factors linked with overdose were highly correlated. A significant path was found between engagement in the tool and the willingness to change one or more risk factors (stand. coeff. = 0.16, p =.04). In addition, the final assessment of the risk factors was associated with engagement (stand. coeff. = 0.18, p =.02). Conclusion: The encouragement of drug users to engage in exploring changes to their overdose risk when presented on a computer screen appears to increase willingness to change risky behaviour.

Published
2017

77. Association of the OPRM1 Variant rs1799971 (A118G) with Non-Specific Liability to Substance Dependence in a Collaborative de novo Meta-Analysis of European-Ancestry Cohorts

Author

Schwantes-An, TH, Zhang, J, Chen, LS, Hartz, SM, Culverhouse, RC, Chen, X, Coon, H, Frank, J, Kamens, HM, Konte, B, Kovanen, L, Latvala, A, Legrand, LN, Maher, BS, Melroy, WE, Nelson, EC, Reid, MW, Robinson, JD, Shen, PH, Yang, BZ, Andrews, JA, Aveyard, P, Beltcheva, O, Brown, SA, Cannon, DS, Cichon, S, Corley, RP, Dahmen, N, Degenhardt, L, Foroud, T, Gaebel, W, Giegling, I, Glatt, SJ, Grucza, RA, Hardin, J, Hartmann, AM, Heath, AC, Herms, S, Hodgkinson, CA, Hoffmann, P, Hops, H, Huizinga, D, Ising, M, Johnson, EO, Johnstone, E, Kaneva, RP, Kendler, KS, Kiefer, F, Kranzler, HR, Krauter, KS, Levran, O, Lucae, S, Lynskey, MT, Maier, W, Mann, K, Martin, NG, Mattheisen, M, Montgomery, GW, Müller-Myhsok, B, Murphy, MF, Neale, MC, Nikolov, MA, Nishita, D, Nöthen, MM, Nurnberger, J, Partonen, T, Pergadia, ML, Reynolds, M, Ridinger, M, Rose, RJ, Rouvinen-Lagerström, N, Scherbaum, N, Schmäl, C, Soyka, M, Stallings, MC, Steffens, M, Treutlein, J, Tsuang, M, Wall, TL, Wodarz, N, Yuferov, V, Zill, P, Bergen, AW, and Chen, J

Abstract

© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York. The mu1 opioid receptor gene, OPRM1, has long been a high-priority candidate for human genetic studies of addiction. Because of its potential functional significance, the non-synonymous variant rs1799971 (A118G, Asn40Asp) in OPRM1 has been extensively studied, yet its role in addiction has remained unclear, with conflicting association findings. To resolve the question of what effect, if any, rs1799971 has on substance dependence risk, we conducted collaborative meta-analyses of 25 datasets with over 28,000 European-ancestry subjects. We investigated non-specific risk for “general” substance dependence, comparing cases dependent on any substance to controls who were non-dependent on all assessed substances. We also examined five specific substance dependence diagnoses: DSM-IV alcohol, opioid, cannabis, and cocaine dependence, and nicotine dependence defined by the proxy of heavy/light smoking (cigarettes-per-day >20 vs. ≤10). The G allele showed a modest protective effect on general substance dependence (OR = 0.90, 95 % C.I. [0.83–0.97], p value = 0.0095, N = 16,908). We observed similar effects for each individual substance, although these were not statistically significant, likely because of reduced sample sizes. We conclude that rs1799971 contributes to mechanisms of addiction liability that are shared across different addictive substances. This project highlights the benefits of examining addictive behaviors collectively and the power of collaborative data sharing and meta-analyses.

Published
2016

82. Lebensqualität und Depression bei Hörminderung.

Author

Tretbar, K., Basilowski, M., Wiedmann, K., Bartels, C., Heßmann, P., Kownatka, M., Signerski-Krieger, J., Scherbaum, N., Meuret, S., Fuchs, M., Wiltfang, J., Kis, B., and Abdel-Hamid, M.

Abstract

Copyright of HNO is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2019
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83. Decision support in addiction: The development of an e-health tool to assess and prevent risk of fatal overdose. The ORION Project

Author

Baldacchino, A, Crocamo, C, Humphris, G, Neufeind, J, Frisher, M, Scherbaum, N, Carra', G, CROCAMO, CRISTINA, CARRA', GIUSEPPE, Baldacchino, A, Crocamo, C, Humphris, G, Neufeind, J, Frisher, M, Scherbaum, N, Carra', G, CROCAMO, CRISTINA, and CARRA', GIUSEPPE

Abstract

Background and objective: The application of e-health technology to the field of substance use disorders is at a relatively early stage, and methodological quality is still variable. Few have explored the extent of utilization of communication technology in exploring risk perception by patients enrolled in substance abuse services.The Overdose RIsk InfOrmatioN (ORION) project is a European Commission funded programme, aimed to develop and pilot an e-health psycho-educational tool to provide information to drug using individuals about the risks of suffering a drug overdose. Methods: In this article, we report on phase 1 (risk estimation), phase 2 (design), and phase 3 (feasibility) of the ORION project. Results: The development of ORION e-health tool underlined the importance of an evidence-based intervention aimed in obtaining reliable evaluation of risk. The ORION tool supported a decision making process aimed at influencing the substance users' self-efficacy and the degree to which the substance users' understand risk factors. Therefore, its innovative power consisted in translating risks combination into a clear estimation for the user who will then appear more likely to be interested in his/her risk perception. Conclusion: Exploratory field testing and validation confirmed the next stage of evaluation, namely, collection of routine patient samples in study clinics. The associations between risk perception of overdose, engagement with the ORION tool and willingness to alter overdose risk factors, in a clinical setting across various EU member states will further confirm the ORION tool's generalisability and effectiveness.

Published
2016

89. Trauma und Psyche

Author

Juckel, G., additional, Höffler, J., additional, Schäfer, M., additional, and Scherbaum, N., additional

Published
2016
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91. Adoleszenz und chronische Suizidalität - die Biographie des italienischen Dichters Cesare Pavese (1908-1950)

Author

Scherbaum N

Subjects
Psychoanalysis, media_common.quotation_subject, Interpretation (philosophy), Poison control, Biography, Psychodynamics, Ambivalence, Suicide prevention, Psychiatry and Mental health, Neurology, Injury prevention, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, Social psychology, Autonomy, media_common
Abstract

Suicide is widely understood as a failed solution of a crisis triggered by actual stress in a psychologically predisposed person. This description of the biography of the Italian author Cesare Pavese (1908-1950), who committed suicide at the peak of his career, emphasizes that chronic suicidal tendencies may be a feature of certain life-styles. A diary published posthumously shows that he had been reflecting on suicide for many years. A psychodynamic interpretation of his chronic suicidal tendencies stresses the importance of developmental goals in adolescence and early adulthood. Pavese did not establish a firm ego-identity. He remained through-out his life in a state of ambivalence between intimacy and autonomy, typical of adolescence. He increasingly experienced his writing as a surrogate for real life. His suicide was the paradoxical attempt to experience himself as a person acting in reality. Language: de

Published
1997

93. Gottfried Benn und die Psychiatrie

Author

Scherbaum N

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Ego ideal, Brain research, Psychodynamic Analysis, Psychiatry and Mental health, Neurology, medicine, Charisma, Neurology (clinical), Early childhood, Materialism, Psychiatry, Psychology, Ego identity, Period (music)
Abstract

As a young physician the poet Gottfried Benn (1886-1956) gave up a promising career in psychiatry after short period in practice. A psychodynamic analysis of this failure stresses the importance of the relationship of father and son in adolescence for the maturing of ego identity and ego ideal. At the beginning of this century psychiatry was a medical field with strong materialistic and biologistic positions. Benn embraced this position and tried to distance himself from his father, who was a charismatic priest with psychotherapeutic ambition. Benn experienced difficulty in competing with his father and this can be attributed to disturbances in his relationship to his mother in early childhood. The consequence was e.g. a narcissistic vulnerability in adulthood. The contrast of the splendid success in brain research with its inapplicability in routine therapy was characteristic of the state of psychiatry at the time of Benn's failure.

Published
1994

98. Psychiatrische Interventionen für Arbeitslose

Author

Reissner, V., primary, Scherbaum, N., additional, Wiltfang, J., additional, Kis, B., additional, Meiler, B., additional, Lieb, B., additional, Mikoteit, T., additional, Ehren, G., additional, and Hebebrand, J., additional

Published
2015
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