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56. Efficacy and tolerability of second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents with schizophrenia.

Author

Kumra, Sanjiv, Oberstar, Joel V, Sikich, Linmarie, Findling, Robert L, McClellan, Jon M, Vinogradov, Sophia, and Charles Schulz, S

Subjects
Humans, Basal Ganglia Diseases, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Weight Gain, Haloperidol, Benzodiazepines, Clozapine, Prolactin, Antipsychotic Agents, Treatment Outcome, Schizophrenia, Childhood, Olanzapine, psychosis, atypical antipsychotic, weight management, metabolic syndrome, cognitive deficits, double-blind treatment trial, Schizophrenia, Childhood, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry
Abstract

Early-onset schizophrenia-spectrum (EOSS) disorders (onset of psychotic symptoms before 18 years of age) represent a severe variant associated with significant chronic functional impairment and poor response to antipsychotic treatment. All drugs with proven antipsychotic effects block dopamine D(2) receptors to some degree. The ongoing development of the dopamine and other neurotransmitter receptor systems during childhood and adolescence may affect clinical response and susceptibility to side effects in youth. A literature search was conducted of clinical trials of antipsychotics in children and adolescents with EOSS disorders between 1980 and 2007 from the Medline database, reference lists, and conference proceedings. Trials were limited to double-blind studies of duration of 4 or more weeks that included 15 or more patients. Ten clinical trials were identified. Antipsychotic medications were consistently found to reduce the severity of psychotic symptoms in children and adolescents when compared with placebo. The superiority of clozapine has been now demonstrated relative to haloperidol, standard-dose olanzapine, and "high-dose" olanzapine for EOSS disorders. However, limited comparative data are available regarding whether there are differences among the remaining second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) in clinical effectiveness. The available data from short-term studies suggest that youth might be more sensitive than adults to developing antipsychotic-related adverse side effects (eg, extrapyramidal side effects, sedation, prolactin elevation, weight gain). In addition, preliminary data suggest that SGA use can lead to the development of diabetes in some youth, a disease which itself carries with it significant morbidity and mortality. Such a substantial risk points to the urgent need to develop therapeutic strategies to prevent and/or mitigate weight gain and diabetes early in the course of treatment in this population.

Published
2008

57. Fashion forecasting and selection process of womenswear retailers

Author

Schulz, S.

Subjects
338.4
Abstract

Looking at the working practices of designers, buyers and merchandisers this thesis attempts to explore the dynamics that govern high street womenswear retailers. By concentrating on the retailing rather than manufacturing of womenswear the thesis takes into account that the balance of power between clothing manufacturers and retailers has shifted - today the creative, i.e. design, capital within the fashion industry is in the hands of the retailers who dominate and direct fashion at the high street level. Broadly following production of culture and symbolic interactionist approaches to the culture industries, the thesis opens with an exploration of collective activity as an important dimension of the production of cultural artefacts. Attention is drawn to production of culture proponents' models of selection processes in culture industries, where cultural artefacts enter a set of gatekeeping or filtering stages that determine their acceptance or rejection. However, while these selection models provide significant insights into some of the dynamics that govern the production of culture, the non-conflictual, unidirectional portrayal of selection processes and the exclusion of consumption-related issues not only leaves important areas of investigation untouched, but distorts the actual working practices of culture industry practitioners. The aim of this thesis, therefore, is to open up the 'black box' of fashion production and provide an alternative model of selection processes through an empirical investigation of how fashion forecasting and garment selection are executed. Based on data from semi-structured interviews with designers, buyers and merchandisers it is suggested that selection processes in high street womenswear retailers can be divided into two distinct levels - forecasting and garment selection. Each level is characterised by (a) the occupational group that dominates it and (b) by a specific interplay between teamwork and conflict. It is proposed that the construction of a shared customer image among key players in the industry acts as an ordering principle which not only helps practitioners overcome differences in occupational outlooks, but which also directs their efforts towards the creation of garments that they feel will gratify their customers' taste. Practitioners' perceived customer image, therefore, plays a significant role in fashion industry forecasting and selection processes, because it influences the fashion production cycle at all levels. In addition, the thesis draws attention to variations in retailers' organisational set-up and shows how they influence the balance of power between key players and the competitive strategies companies adopt to survive in the market. These observations are grounded in a discussion of the transformation of Western economies from Fordism to post-Fordism, while also drawing on arguments regarding the co-existence and differential development of diverse fashion systems within the UK clothing industry since the mid-nineteenth century.

Published
2004

60. SIMULATING LIDAR TO CREATE TRAINING DATA FOR MACHINE LEARNING ON 3D POINT CLOUDS

Author

Hildebrand, J., Schulz, S., Richter, R., and Döllner, J.

Abstract

3D point clouds represent an essential category of geodata used in a variety of geoinformation applications. Typically, these applications require additional semantics to operate on subsets of the data like selected objects or surface categories. Machine learning approaches are increasingly used for classification. They operate directly on 3D point clouds and require large amounts of training data. An adequate amount of high-quality training data is often not available or has to be created manually. In this paper, we introduce a system for virtual laser scanning to create 3D point clouds with semantics information by utilizing 3D models. In particular, our system creates 3D point clouds with the same characteristics regarding density, occlusion, and scan pattern as those 3D point clouds captured in the real world. We evaluate our system with different data sets and show the potential to use the data to train neural networks for 3D point cloud classification.

Published
2022
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61. Nearby galaxies in the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: III. Influence of cosmic-ray transport on the radio-SFR relation.

Author

Heesen, V., Schulz, S., Brüggen, M., Edler, H. W., Stein, M., Paladino, R., Boselli, A., Ignesti, A., Fossati, M., and Dettmar, R.-J.

Subjects
*ASTRONOMICAL surveys, *GALACTIC evolution, *GALAXIES, *GALACTIC magnetic fields, *STAR formation
Abstract

Context. To understand galaxy evolution, it is essential to measure star formation rates (SFRs) across cosmic time. Aims. The use of radio continuum emission as an extinction-free tracer of star formation necessitates a good understanding of the influence of cosmic-ray electron (CRE) transport. Our aim in this work is to improve this understanding. Methods. We analysed the spatially resolved radio continuum-star formation rate (radio-SFR) relation in 15 nearby galaxies using data from the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) and the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) at 144 and 1365 MHz, respectively. The hybrid SFR maps are based on observations with Spitzer at 24 μm and with GALEX at 156 nm. Our pixel-by-pixel analysis at 1.2 kpc resolution reveals the usual sublinear radio-SFR relation for local measurements. This can be linearised with a smoothing experiment, convolving the hybrid SFR map with a Gaussian kernel that provides us with the CRE transport length. Results. CRE transport can be described as energy-independent isotropic diffusion. If we consider only young CREs as identified with the radio spectral index, we find a linear relation showing the influence of cosmic-ray transport. We then define the CRE calorimetric efficiency as the ratio of radio-to-hybrid SFR surface density and show that it is a function of the radio spectral index. If we correct the radio-SFR relation for the CRE calorimetric efficiency parametrised by the radio spectral index, it becomes nearly linear with a slope of 1.01 ± 0.02, independent of frequency. Conclusions. The corrected radio-SFR relation is universal and it holds for both global and local measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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65. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: G protein-coupled receptors

Author

Alexander, SPH, Christopoulos, A, Davenport, AP, Kelly, E, Mathie, AA, Peters, JA, Veale, EL, Armstrong, JF, Faccenda, E, Harding, SD, Davies, JA, Abbracchio, MP, Abraham, G, Agoulnik, A, Alexander, W, Al-hosaini, K, Back, M, Baker, JG, Barnes, NM, Bathgate, R, Beaulieu, J-M, Beck-Sickinger, AG, Behrens, M, Bernstein, KE, Bettler, B, Birdsall, NJM, Blaho, V, Boulay, F, Bousquet, C, Brauner-Osborne, H, Burnstock, G, Calo, G, Castano, JP, Catt, KJ, Ceruti, S, Chazot, P, Chiang, N, Chini, B, Chun, J, Cianciulli, A, Civelli, O, Clapp, LH, Couture, R, Cox, HM, Csaba, Z, Dahlgren, C, Dent, G, Douglas, SD, Dournaud, P, Eguchi, S, Escher, E, Filardo, EJ, Fong, T, Fumagalli, M, Gainetdinov, RR, Garelja, ML, de Gasparo, M, Gerard, C, Gershengorn, M, Gobeil, F, Goodfriend, TL, Goudet, C, Gratz, L, Gregory, KJ, Gundlach, AL, Hamann, J, Hanson, J, Hauger, RL, Hay, DL, Heinemann, A, Herr, D, Hollenberg, MD, Holliday, ND, Horiuchi, M, Hoyer, D, Hunyady, L, Husain, A, Ijzerman, AP, Inagami, T, Jacobson, KA, Jensen, RT, Jockers, R, Jonnalagadda, D, Karnik, S, Kaupmann, K, Kemp, J, Kennedy, C, Kihara, Y, Kitazawa, T, Kozielewicz, P, Kreienkamp, H-J, Kukkonen, JP, Langenhan, T, Larhammar, D, Leach, K, Lecca, D, Lee, JD, Leeman, SE, Leprince, J, Li, XX, Lolait, SJ, Lupp, A, Macrae, R, Maguire, J, Malfacini, D, Mazella, J, McArdle, CA, Melmed, S, Michel, MC, Miller, LJ, Mitolo, V, Mouillac, B, Mueller, CE, Murphy, PM, Nahon, J-L, Ngo, T, Norel, X, Nyimanu, D, O'Carroll, A-M, Offermanns, S, Panaro, MA, Parmentier, M, Pertwee, RG, Pin, J-P, Prossnitz, ER, Quinn, M, Ramachandran, R, Ray, M, Reinscheid, RK, Rondard, P, Rovati, GE, Ruzza, C, Sanger, GJ, Schoeneberg, T, Schulte, G, Schulz, S, Segaloff, DL, Serhan, CN, Singh, KD, Smith, CM, Stoddart, LA, Sugimoto, Y, Summers, R, Tan, VP, Thal, D, Thomas, WW, Timmermans, PBMWM, Tirupula, K, Toll, L, Tulipano, G, Unal, H, Unger, T, Valant, C, Vanderheyden, P, Vaudry, D, Vaudry, H, Vilardaga, J-P, Walker, CS, Wang, JM, Ward, DT, Wester, H-J, Willars, GB, Williams, TL, Woodruff, TM, Yao, C, Ye, RD, Alexander, SPH, Christopoulos, A, Davenport, AP, Kelly, E, Mathie, AA, Peters, JA, Veale, EL, Armstrong, JF, Faccenda, E, Harding, SD, Davies, JA, Abbracchio, MP, Abraham, G, Agoulnik, A, Alexander, W, Al-hosaini, K, Back, M, Baker, JG, Barnes, NM, Bathgate, R, Beaulieu, J-M, Beck-Sickinger, AG, Behrens, M, Bernstein, KE, Bettler, B, Birdsall, NJM, Blaho, V, Boulay, F, Bousquet, C, Brauner-Osborne, H, Burnstock, G, Calo, G, Castano, JP, Catt, KJ, Ceruti, S, Chazot, P, Chiang, N, Chini, B, Chun, J, Cianciulli, A, Civelli, O, Clapp, LH, Couture, R, Cox, HM, Csaba, Z, Dahlgren, C, Dent, G, Douglas, SD, Dournaud, P, Eguchi, S, Escher, E, Filardo, EJ, Fong, T, Fumagalli, M, Gainetdinov, RR, Garelja, ML, de Gasparo, M, Gerard, C, Gershengorn, M, Gobeil, F, Goodfriend, TL, Goudet, C, Gratz, L, Gregory, KJ, Gundlach, AL, Hamann, J, Hanson, J, Hauger, RL, Hay, DL, Heinemann, A, Herr, D, Hollenberg, MD, Holliday, ND, Horiuchi, M, Hoyer, D, Hunyady, L, Husain, A, Ijzerman, AP, Inagami, T, Jacobson, KA, Jensen, RT, Jockers, R, Jonnalagadda, D, Karnik, S, Kaupmann, K, Kemp, J, Kennedy, C, Kihara, Y, Kitazawa, T, Kozielewicz, P, Kreienkamp, H-J, Kukkonen, JP, Langenhan, T, Larhammar, D, Leach, K, Lecca, D, Lee, JD, Leeman, SE, Leprince, J, Li, XX, Lolait, SJ, Lupp, A, Macrae, R, Maguire, J, Malfacini, D, Mazella, J, McArdle, CA, Melmed, S, Michel, MC, Miller, LJ, Mitolo, V, Mouillac, B, Mueller, CE, Murphy, PM, Nahon, J-L, Ngo, T, Norel, X, Nyimanu, D, O'Carroll, A-M, Offermanns, S, Panaro, MA, Parmentier, M, Pertwee, RG, Pin, J-P, Prossnitz, ER, Quinn, M, Ramachandran, R, Ray, M, Reinscheid, RK, Rondard, P, Rovati, GE, Ruzza, C, Sanger, GJ, Schoeneberg, T, Schulte, G, Schulz, S, Segaloff, DL, Serhan, CN, Singh, KD, Smith, CM, Stoddart, LA, Sugimoto, Y, Summers, R, Tan, VP, Thal, D, Thomas, WW, Timmermans, PBMWM, Tirupula, K, Toll, L, Tulipano, G, Unal, H, Unger, T, Valant, C, Vanderheyden, P, Vaudry, D, Vaudry, H, Vilardaga, J-P, Walker, CS, Wang, JM, Ward, DT, Wester, H-J, Willars, GB, Williams, TL, Woodruff, TM, Yao, C, and Ye, RD

Abstract

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and about 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (https://www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.16177. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.

Published
2023

71. A sensitive high repetition rate arrival time monitor for X-ray free electron lasers

Author

Diez M., Kirchberg H., Galler A., Schulz S., Biednov M., Bömer C., Choi T.-K., Rodriguez-Fernandez A., Gawelda W., Khakhulin D., Kubicek K., Lima F., Otte F., Zalden P., Coffee R., Thorwart M., Bressler C., Diez M., Kirchberg H., Galler A., Schulz S., Biednov M., Bömer C., Choi T.-K., Rodriguez-Fernandez A., Gawelda W., Khakhulin D., Kubicek K., Lima F., Otte F., Zalden P., Coffee R., Thorwart M., and Bressler C.

Published
2023

72. What motivates GPs to train medical students in their own practice? A questionnaire survey on the motivation of medical practices to train students as an approach to acquire training practices

Author

Daunert, L, Schulz, S, Lehmann, T, Bleidorn, J, Petruschke, I, Daunert, L, Schulz, S, Lehmann, T, Bleidorn, J, and Petruschke, I

Abstract

Background: With the new licensing regulations for doctors coming into force, medical faculties are faced with the task of recruiting and qualifying more GP colleagues to train students in their practices. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the motivation of GPs to train students in their own medical practices. Method: A cross-sectional survey of Thuringian GPs was conducted from April to May 2020. 21 items on motivation, incentives and barriers were recorded and examined using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results: The response rate was 35.8% (538/1,513). The GPs surveyed considered themselves motivated to train students in their medical practices. The motives can be described as predominantly intrinsic: the mutual exchange of knowledge, desire to share knowledge and to promote future doctors. Incentives included the opportunity to keep up to date with the latest knowledge, further training and contacts with colleagues. Barriers to teaching in the own medical practice were concerns about not being able to treat the same number of patients, a possible disruption of practice operations and lack of space. An analysis of the subgroups of GPs who were not yet teaching physicians indicated similar motives and barriers regarding training students in their practices, with a slightly lower overall motivation. Conclusion: The results describe the facets of the motivation of Thuringian GPs to train students and can be helpful for the expansion of a sustainable network of training GP practices. It is essential to address motives, to counter difficulties with individual solutions and to create targeted incentives., Hintergrund: Mit Inkrafttreten der neuen Approbationsordnung für Ärzte stehen die Medizinischen Fakultäten vor der Aufgabe, weitere hausärztliche Kolleg*innen für die Ausbildung Studierender in ihren Praxen zu gewinnen und zu qualifizieren. Zielsetzung: Ziel der Studie war die Erfassung der Motivation von Hausärzt*innen zur Ausbildung Studierender in der eigenen Praxis. Methodik: Von April bis Mai 2020 wurde eine Querschnittsbefragung von Thüringer Hausärzt*innen durchgeführt. 21 Items zu Motivation, Anreizen und Barrieren wurden erfasst und mittels univariater und multivariater Analysen untersucht.Ergebnisse: Der Rücklauf betrug 35,8% (538/1.513). Die befragten Hausärzt*innen schätzten sich motiviert ein, Studierende in ihrer Praxis auszubilden. Die Motive sind als überwiegend intrinsisch zu beschreiben: beidseitiger Wissensaustausch, Lust, Wissen zu teilen und den Nachwuchs zu fördern. Anreize waren die Chance, selbst auf dem neuesten Stand des Wissens zu bleiben, Fortbildungen und kollegiale Kontakte. Als hinderlich für Lehre in der eigenen Praxis zeigten sich die Sorge, weniger Patient*innen versorgen zu können, eine mögliche Störung des Praxisablaufs und fehlende Räumlichkeiten. Eine Subgruppenanalyse der Hausärzt*innen, die noch keine Lehrärzt*innen waren, nannten ähnliche Motive und Barrieren hinsichtlich der Ausbildung Studierender in ihrer Praxis bei einer insgesamt etwas geringeren Gesamtmotivation. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse beschreiben die Facetten der Lehrmotivation unter Thüringer Hausärzt*innen und können beim Ausbau eines nachhaltigen, hausärztlichen Lehrpraxennetzwerks hilfreich sein. Motive sollten adressiert, Schwierigkeiten mit individuellen Lösungen begegnet und zielgerichtete Anreize geschaffen werden.

Published
2023

73. A fast-slow trait continuum at the level of entire communities

Author

Neyret, M., Le Provost, G., Boesing, A.L., Schneider, F.D., Baulechner, D., Bergmann, J., de Vries, F., Fiore-Donno, A.M., Geisen, S., Goldmann, Kezia ; orcid:0000-0003-2954-5517, Merges, A., Saifutdinov, R.A., Simons, N.K., Tobias, J.A., Zaitsev, A.S., Gossner, M.M., Jung, K., Kandeler, E., Krauss, J., Penone, C., Schloter, M., Schulz, S., Staab, M., Wolters, V., Apostolakis, A., Birkhofer, K., Boch, S., Boeddinghaus, R.S., Bolliger, R., Bonkowski, M., Buscot, Francois, Dumack, K., Fischer, M., Gan, H.Y., Heinze, J., Hölzel, N., John, K., Klaus, V.H., Kleinebecker, T., Marhan, S., Müller, J., Renner, S.C., Rillig, M., Schenk, N.V., Schöning, I., Schrumpf, M., Seibold, S., Socher, S., Solly, E.F., Teuscher, M., van Kleunen, M., Wubet, Tesfaye ; orcid:0000-0001-8572-4486, Manning, P., Neyret, M., Le Provost, G., Boesing, A.L., Schneider, F.D., Baulechner, D., Bergmann, J., de Vries, F., Fiore-Donno, A.M., Geisen, S., Goldmann, Kezia ; orcid:0000-0003-2954-5517, Merges, A., Saifutdinov, R.A., Simons, N.K., Tobias, J.A., Zaitsev, A.S., Gossner, M.M., Jung, K., Kandeler, E., Krauss, J., Penone, C., Schloter, M., Schulz, S., Staab, M., Wolters, V., Apostolakis, A., Birkhofer, K., Boch, S., Boeddinghaus, R.S., Bolliger, R., Bonkowski, M., Buscot, Francois, Dumack, K., Fischer, M., Gan, H.Y., Heinze, J., Hölzel, N., John, K., Klaus, V.H., Kleinebecker, T., Marhan, S., Müller, J., Renner, S.C., Rillig, M., Schenk, N.V., Schöning, I., Schrumpf, M., Seibold, S., Socher, S., Solly, E.F., Teuscher, M., van Kleunen, M., Wubet, Tesfaye ; orcid:0000-0001-8572-4486, and Manning, P.

Abstract

Across the tree of life, organismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response to common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, the synchronization of these strategies at the entire community level is untested. We combine trait data for >2800 above- and belowground taxa from 14 trophic guilds spanning a disturbance and resource availability gradient in German grasslands. Most guilds consistently respond to these drivers through both direct and trophically-mediated effects, resulting in a "slow-fast" axis at the level of the entire community. Fast trait communities were also associated with faster rates of whole ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate that "slow" and "fast" strategies can be manifested at the level of whole ecosystems, opening new avenues of ecosystem-level functional classification.

Published
2023

74. Euclid: modelling massive neutrinos in cosmology — a code comparison

Author

Consortium, Euclid, Adamek, J., Angulo, R. E., Arnold, C., Baldi, M., Biagetti, M., Bose, B., Carbone, C., Castro, T., Dakin, J., Dolag, K., Elbers, W., Fidler, C., Giocoli, C., Hannestad, S., Hassani, F., Hernandez-Aguayo, C., Koyama, K., Li, B., Mauland, R., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Mota, D. F., Partmann, C., Parimbelli, G., Potter, D., Schneider, A., Schulz, S., Smith, R. E., Springel, V, Stadel, J., Tram, T., Viel, M., Villaescusa-Navarro, F., Winther, H. A., Wright, B. S., Zennaro, M., Aghanim, N., Amendola, L., Auricchio, N., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Cledassou, R., Congedo, G., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Grazian, A., Haugan, S., Holmes, W., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lilje, P. B., Lloro, I., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Meneghetti, M., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Tallada-Crespi, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I, Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Fabbian, G., Scottez, V, Consortium, Euclid, Adamek, J., Angulo, R. E., Arnold, C., Baldi, M., Biagetti, M., Bose, B., Carbone, C., Castro, T., Dakin, J., Dolag, K., Elbers, W., Fidler, C., Giocoli, C., Hannestad, S., Hassani, F., Hernandez-Aguayo, C., Koyama, K., Li, B., Mauland, R., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Mota, D. F., Partmann, C., Parimbelli, G., Potter, D., Schneider, A., Schulz, S., Smith, R. E., Springel, V, Stadel, J., Tram, T., Viel, M., Villaescusa-Navarro, F., Winther, H. A., Wright, B. S., Zennaro, M., Aghanim, N., Amendola, L., Auricchio, N., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Cledassou, R., Congedo, G., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Grazian, A., Haugan, S., Holmes, W., Hornstrup, A., Jahnke, K., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lilje, P. B., Lloro, I., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Meneghetti, M., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Tallada-Crespi, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I, Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Fabbian, G., and Scottez, V

Abstract

The measurement of the absolute neutrino mass scale from cosmological large-scale clustering data is one of the key science goals of the Euclid mission. Such a measurement relies on precise modelling of the impact of neutrinos on structure formation, which can be studied with N-body simulations. Here we present the results from a major code comparison effort to establish the maturity and reliability of numerical methods for treating massive neutrinos. The comparison includes eleven full N-body implementations (not all of them independent), two N-body schemes with approximate time integration, and four additional codes that directly predict or emulate the matter power spectrum. Using a common set of initial data we quantify the relative agreement on the nonlinear power spectrum of cold dark matter and baryons and, for the N-body codes, also the relative agreement on the bispectrum, halo mass function, and halo bias. We find that the different numerical implementations produce fully consistent results. We can therefore be confident that we can model the impact of massive neutrinos at the sub-percent level in the most common summary statistics. We also provide a code validation pipeline for future reference.

Published
2023

75. Millisecond Flash Lamp Curing for Porosity Generation in Thin Films

Author

(0000-0002-7759-0315) Attallah, A. G., (0000-0002-4088-6032) Prucnal, S., (0000-0003-3674-0767) Butterling, M., Hirschmann, E., Koehler, N., Schulz, S. E., (0000-0001-7575-3961) Wagner, A., (0000-0001-7933-7295) Liedke, M. O., (0000-0002-7759-0315) Attallah, A. G., (0000-0002-4088-6032) Prucnal, S., (0000-0003-3674-0767) Butterling, M., Hirschmann, E., Koehler, N., Schulz, S. E., (0000-0001-7575-3961) Wagner, A., and (0000-0001-7933-7295) Liedke, M. O.

Abstract

Flash lamp annealing (FLA) with millisecond pulse duration is reported as a novel curing method for pore precursors degradation in thin films. A case study on the curing of dielectric thin films is presented. FLA-cured films are being investigated by means of positron annihilation spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in order to quantify the nm-scale porosity and post-treatment chemistry, respectively. Results from positron annihilation reveal the onset of formation of porous voids inside the samples at 6 ms flash treatment time. Moreover, parameter adjustment (flash duration and energy density) allows for identifying the optimum conditions of effective curing. Within such a systematic investigation, positron results indicate that FLA is able to decompose the porogen (pore precursors) and to generate interconnected (open porosity) or isolated pore networks with self-sealed pores in a controllable way. Furthermore, FTIR results demonstrate the structural evolution after FLA, that help for setting the optimal annealing conditions whereby only a residual amount of porogen remains and at the same time a well-densified matrix, and a hydrophobic porous structures are created. Raman spectroscopy suggests that the curing-induced self-sealing layer developed at the film surface is a graphene oxide-like layer, which could serve as the outside sealing of the pore network from intrusions.

Published
2023

76. Data publication: Millisecond Flash Lamp Curing for Porosity Generation in Thin Films

Author

(0000-0002-7759-0315) Attallah, A. G., (0000-0002-4088-6032) Prucnal, S., (0000-0003-3674-0767) Butterling, M., (0000-0001-5782-9627) Hirschmann, E., Koehler, N., Schulz, S. E., (0000-0001-7575-3961) Wagner, A., (0000-0001-7933-7295) Liedke, M. O., (0000-0002-7759-0315) Attallah, A. G., (0000-0002-4088-6032) Prucnal, S., (0000-0003-3674-0767) Butterling, M., (0000-0001-5782-9627) Hirschmann, E., Koehler, N., Schulz, S. E., (0000-0001-7575-3961) Wagner, A., and (0000-0001-7933-7295) Liedke, M. O.

Abstract

Research data of Millisecond Flash Lamp Curing for Porosity Generation in Thin Films

Published
2023

77. Increased heat stress reduces future yields of three major crops in Pakistan’s Punjab region despite intensification of irrigation

Author

Becker, R., Schüth, C., Merz, Ralf, Khaliq, T., Usman, M., aus der Beek, T., Kumar, Rohini, Schulz, S., Becker, R., Schüth, C., Merz, Ralf, Khaliq, T., Usman, M., aus der Beek, T., Kumar, Rohini, and Schulz, S.

Abstract

Climate change and variability threaten the sustainability of future food production, especially in semi-arid regions where water resources are limited and irrigated agriculture is widespread. Increasing temperatures will exacerbate evaporative losses and increase plant water needs. In this regard, higher irrigation intensities have been posited as a solution to mitigate climate change impacts in these regions. Here, using the agro-hydrological model SWAT and the biophysical crop model APSIM, we show that this mitigation measure is oversimplified. We find that heat stress, driven by strong temperature increases, might be the dominating factor in controlling future crop yields and plant water needs. Our analysis encompasses agricultural areas of the Lower Chenab Canal System in Punjab, Pakistan (15,000 km2), which is part of the Indus River irrigation system, the largest irrigation system in the world, covering major cotton, rice and maize cropping zones. Climate models project a strong increase in temperature over the study region of up to 1.8 °C (±0.5 °C) until the mid-century. Both models predict a decline in future crop yields for maize and rice crops, while cotton yields are less effected by rising temperatures and strongly benefit from elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. For a high carbon emission scenario, the models simulate yield declines for maize of up to −10% (APSIM) and −19% (SWAT); for rice yields of up to −4% (APSIM) to −26% (SWAT), and for cotton yields of −1% (APSIM) to +11% (SWAT), until 2050, relative to the baseline scenario 1996–2005. Our modeling results further suggest that irrigation demands do not align with increasing temperature trends. Average irrigation demands increase less under higher temperatures. Overall, our study emphasizes the role of elevated heat stress, its effects on agricultural productivity as well as water demand, and its implications for climate change adaption strategies to mitigate adverse impacts in an intensively

Published
2023

78. Was motiviert Hausärzt*innen zur Ausbildung Medizinstudierender in der eigenen Praxis? Eine Fragebogenerhebung zur Lehrmotivation als Ansatz für die Akquise von Lehrpraxen

Author

Daunert, L, Schulz, S, Lehmann, T, Bleidorn, J, and Petruschke, I

Subjects
teaching motivation, Allgemeinmedizin, Lehrpraxis, ddc: 610, general medicine, teaching practice, medical students, Medizinstudierende, outpatient training, Lehrmotivation, ambulante Lehre
Abstract

Background: With the new licensing regulations for doctors coming into force, medical faculties are faced with the task of recruiting and qualifying more GP colleagues to train students in their practices. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the motivation of GPs to train students in their own medical practices. Method: A cross-sectional survey of Thuringian GPs was conducted from April to May 2020. 21 items on motivation, incentives and barriers were recorded and examined using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results: The response rate was 35.8% (538/1,513). The GPs surveyed considered themselves motivated to train students in their medical practices. The motives can be described as predominantly intrinsic: the mutual exchange of knowledge, desire to share knowledge and to promote future doctors. Incentives included the opportunity to keep up to date with the latest knowledge, further training and contacts with colleagues. Barriers to teaching in the own medical practice were concerns about not being able to treat the same number of patients, a possible disruption of practice operations and lack of space. An analysis of the subgroups of GPs who were not yet teaching physicians indicated similar motives and barriers regarding training students in their practices, with a slightly lower overall motivation. Conclusion: The results describe the facets of the motivation of Thuringian GPs to train students and can be helpful for the expansion of a sustainable network of training GP practices. It is essential to address motives, to counter difficulties with individual solutions and to create targeted incentives. Hintergrund: Mit Inkrafttreten der neuen Approbationsordnung für Ärzte stehen die Medizinischen Fakultäten vor der Aufgabe, weitere hausärztliche Kolleg*innen für die Ausbildung Studierender in ihren Praxen zu gewinnen und zu qualifizieren. Zielsetzung: Ziel der Studie war die Erfassung der Motivation von Hausärzt*innen zur Ausbildung Studierender in der eigenen Praxis. Methodik: Von April bis Mai 2020 wurde eine Querschnittsbefragung von Thüringer Hausärzt*innen durchgeführt. 21 Items zu Motivation, Anreizen und Barrieren wurden erfasst und mittels univariater und multivariater Analysen untersucht.Ergebnisse: Der Rücklauf betrug 35,8% (538/1.513). Die befragten Hausärzt*innen schätzten sich motiviert ein, Studierende in ihrer Praxis auszubilden. Die Motive sind als überwiegend intrinsisch zu beschreiben: beidseitiger Wissensaustausch, Lust, Wissen zu teilen und den Nachwuchs zu fördern. Anreize waren die Chance, selbst auf dem neuesten Stand des Wissens zu bleiben, Fortbildungen und kollegiale Kontakte. Als hinderlich für Lehre in der eigenen Praxis zeigten sich die Sorge, weniger Patient*innen versorgen zu können, eine mögliche Störung des Praxisablaufs und fehlende Räumlichkeiten. Eine Subgruppenanalyse der Hausärzt*innen, die noch keine Lehrärzt*innen waren, nannten ähnliche Motive und Barrieren hinsichtlich der Ausbildung Studierender in ihrer Praxis bei einer insgesamt etwas geringeren Gesamtmotivation. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse beschreiben die Facetten der Lehrmotivation unter Thüringer Hausärzt*innen und können beim Ausbau eines nachhaltigen, hausärztlichen Lehrpraxennetzwerks hilfreich sein. Motive sollten adressiert, Schwierigkeiten mit individuellen Lösungen begegnet und zielgerichtete Anreize geschaffen werden.

Published
2023
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85. Bioactivation and reactivity research advances – 2022 year in review‡.

Author

Wang, Shuai, Argikar, Upendra A., Cheruzel, Lionel, Cho, Sungjoon, Crouch, Rachel D., Dhaware, Deepika, Heck, Carley J. S., Johnson, Kevin M., Kalgutkar, Amit S., King, Lloyd, Liu, Joyce, Ma, Bin, Maw, Hlaing, Miller, Grover P., Seneviratne, Herana Kamal, Takahashi, Ryan H., Wei, Cong, Khojasteh, S. Cyrus, Lang, D., and Schulz, S.

Subjects
BIOTRANSFORMATION (Metabolism), DRUG metabolism, ARTIFICIAL intelligence, MACHINE learning, SAMPLING (Process)
Abstract

With the 50th year mark since the launch of Drug Metabolism and Disposition journal, the field of drug metabolism and bioactivation has advanced exponentially in the past decades (Guengerich 2023). This has, in a major part, been due to the continued advances across the whole spectrum of applied technologies in hardware, software, machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI). LC–MS platforms continue to evolve to support key applications in the field, and automation is also improving the accuracy, precision, and throughput of these supporting assays. In addition, sample generation and processing is being aided by increased diversity and quality of reagents and bio-matrices so that what is being analyzed is more relevant and translatable. The application of in silico platforms (applied software, ML, and AI) is also making great strides, and in tandem with the more traditional approaches mentioned previously, is significantly advancing our understanding of bioactivation pathways and how these play a role in toxicity. All of this continues to allow the area of bioactivation to evolve in parallel with associated fields to help bring novel or improved medicines to patients with urgent or unmet needs. Shuai Wang and Cyrus Khojasteh, on behalf of the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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87. Insight into the electronic structure of the centrosymmetric skyrmion magnet GdRu2Si2

Author

Eremeev, S. V., primary, Glazkova, D., additional, Poelchen, G., additional, Kraiker, A., additional, Ali, K., additional, Tarasov, A. V., additional, Schulz, S., additional, Kliemt, K., additional, Chulkov, E. V., additional, Stolyarov, V. S., additional, Ernst, A., additional, Krellner, C., additional, Usachov, D. Yu., additional, and Vyalikh, D. V., additional

Published
2023
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91. Investigation of infiltration processes of surface water reservoirs: a case study from Madurai, India

Author

Schmidt, I., Gumgowski, K., Gurunathan, A., Schulz, S., Koeniger, P., Karthikeyan, B., and Schneider, M.

Abstract

In India, small surface water reservoirs (known as irrigation tanks) store runoff from the monsoon season to provide water for irrigation during dry periods. Studies investigating their impact on groundwater recharge usually focus on groundwater level fluctuation. Only considering groundwater level changes might lead to an overestimation of the actual infiltration through the tank floor, since groundwater level rise can be caused by reduced groundwater withdrawal due to use of tank water for irrigation. To better estimate the recharge rates, this study focusses on infiltration processes through the soil and the tank floor. For this purpose, a combined approach of numerical modeling using HYDRUS and travel time estimation using stable water isotopes is employed. For the isotope (2H and 18O) investigation two different soil profiles at an interval of 0.1 m and 0.2 m were sampled and soil water was extracted from each interval. Moreover, undisturbed soil samples from different soil types were taken to determine hydraulic properties such as van Genuchten parameters and saturated hydraulic conductivity to be used for a priori parameterization of the model. Preliminary results provide information on the percolation rates through the soils and hence further insights on how tank irrigation impacts groundwater recharge., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023
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93. Millisecond Flash Lamp Curing for Porosity Generation in Thin Films

Author

Attallah, A. G., Prucnal, S., Butterling, M., Hirschmann, E., Koehler, N., Schulz, S. E., Wagner, A., and Liedke, M. O.

Abstract

Flash lamp annealing (FLA) with millisecond pulse duration is reported as a novel curing method for pore precursors degradation in thin films. A case study on the curing of dielectric thin films is presented. FLA-cured films are being investigated by means of positron annihilation spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in order to quantify the nm-scale porosity and post-treatment chemistry, respectively. Results from positron annihilation reveal the onset of formation of porous voids inside the samples at 6 ms flash treatment time. Moreover, parameter adjustment (flash duration and energy density) allows for identifying the optimum conditions of effective curing. Within such a systematic investigation, positron results indicate that FLA is able to decompose the porogen (pore precursors) and to generate interconnected (open porosity) or isolated pore networks with self-sealed pores in a controllable way. Furthermore, FTIR results demonstrate the structural evolution after FLA, that help for setting the optimal annealing conditions whereby only a residual amount of porogen remains and at the same time a well-densified matrix, and a hydrophobic porous structures are created. Raman spectroscopy suggests that the curing-induced self-sealing layer developed at the film surface is a graphene oxide-like layer, which could serve as the outside sealing of the pore network from intrusions.

Published
2023

95. Multiscale simulations of the electronic structure of III-nitride quantum wells with varied indium content: Connecting atomistic and continuum-based models.

Author

Chaudhuri, D., O'Donovan, M., Streckenbach, T., Marquardt, O., Farrell, P., Patra, S. K., Koprucki, T., and Schulz, S.

Subjects
ELECTRONIC structure, QUANTUM wells, CARRIER density, INDIUM, INDIUM gallium nitride, NITRIDES, HIGH temperatures, HETEROSTRUCTURES
Abstract

Carrier localization effects in III-N heterostructures are often studied in the frame of modified continuum-based models utilizing a single-band effective mass approximation. However, there exists no comparison between the results of a modified continuum model and atomistic calculations on the same underlying disordered energy landscape. We present a theoretical framework that establishes a connection between atomistic tight-binding theory and continuum-based electronic structure models, here a single-band effective mass approximation, and provide such a comparison for the electronic structure of (In,Ga)N quantum wells. In our approach, in principle, the effective masses are the only adjustable parameters since the confinement energy landscape is directly obtained from tight-binding theory. We find that the electronic structure calculated within effective mass approximation and the tight-binding model differ noticeably. However, at least in terms of energy eigenvalues, an improved agreement between the two methods can be achieved by adjusting the band offsets in the continuum model, enabling, therefore, a recipe for constructing a modified continuum model that gives a reasonable approximation of the tight-binding energies. Carrier localization characteristics for energetically low lying, strongly localized states differ, however, significantly from those obtained using the tight-binding model. For energetically higher lying, more delocalized states, good agreement may be achieved. Therefore, the atomistically motivated continuum-based single-band effective mass model established provides a good, computationally efficient alternative to fully atomistic investigations, at least at when targeting questions related to higher temperatures and carrier densities in (In,Ga)N systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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96. Ambulante Lehre in fachspezialistischen Praxen - eine qualitative Studie mit Ärzt*innen zu Einstellungen, Einflussfaktoren und fachbezogenen Besonderheiten

Author

Schulz, S, Hesse, M, Matthes, A, Petruschke, I, and Bleidorn, J

Subjects
teaching motivation, medizinische Ausbildung, Lehrpraxen, outpatient teaching, ddc: 610, medical training, specialist, teaching practice, ambulante Lehre, Fachspezialist, Lehrmotivation
Abstract

Aim: The aim is to record existing attitudes, influencing factors and specialised requirements with regard to the training of medical students in specialist outpatient care with doctors working in outpatient care.Method: Between September 2020 and May 2021, individual interviews with 15 specialists employed in outpatient care were held as part of this qualitative study. The recorded interviews were evaluated structurally in accordance with the Kuchartz method.Results: Enhanced outpatient training for medical students in specialist teaching practices was considered as important by all participants. Among other things, motivational factors were pleasure in teaching, a feeling of duty, the desire to pass something on, the need to convey one's own ideas and to generate future talent for the field. A lack of time, greater organisational effort and legal concerns were stated as hurdles. Reducing organisational effort for teaching practices, appreciation of their teaching activity and financial considerations were in particular given as significant incentives for participating. The attitude of participants towards financial remuneration was heterogeneous. Different specialist features and requirements for student training were mapped out. Conclusion: This study provides, for the first time, findings about teaching in specialist outpatient establishments. They point to a great degree of willingness of specialist doctors to undertake teaching and provide starting points for creating concepts about producing teaching practices in specialist fields. Further quantitative investigation is required to substantiate the findings before us. Zielsetzung: Ziel ist es, vorhandene Einstellungen, Einflussfaktoren und fachbezogene Voraussetzungen hinsichtlich der Ausbildung Medizinstudierender in der fachspezialistischen ambulanten Versorgung bei ambulant tätigen Ärzt*innen zu erfassen.Methodik: In dieser qualitativen Studie wurden im Zeitraum September 2020 - Mai 2021 leitfadengestützte Einzelinterviews mit 15 ambulant tätigen Fachspezialist*innen durchgeführt. Die per Audio aufgenommenen Interviews wurden inhaltlich strukturierend nach Kuckartz ausgewertet.Ergebnisse: Eine verstärkte ambulante Ausbildung Medizinstudierender in fachspezialistischen Lehrpraxen wurde von allen Teilnehmer*innen als wichtig erachtet. Motivatoren waren u.a. die Freude an der Lehrtätigkeit, ein Verpflichtungsgefühl, der Wunsch etwas weiterzugeben, das Bedürfnis eigene Ideale zu vermitteln und die Nachwuchsgenerierung für das Fach. Als Hürden wurden fehlende Zeit, hoher organisatorischer Aufwand und rechtliche Bedenken geäußert. Als wesentliche Anreize zur Beteiligung an der studentischen Lehre wurden insbesondere die organisatorische Aufwandreduktion für die Lehrpraxen, Wertschätzung ihrer Lehrtätigkeit und finanzielle Vergütung angesprochen. Die Haltung der Teilnehmer*innen zur finanziellen Vergütung war heterogen. Unterschiedliche, fachspezifische Besonderheiten und Voraussetzungen für die studentische Ausbildung wurden herausgearbeitet. Schlussfolgerung: Mit dieser Studie liegen erstmals Erkenntnisse zur Lehre in fachspezialistischen ambulanten Praxen vor. Sie weisen auf eine hohe Bereitschaft der Ärzt*innen zur Durchführung der Lehre hin und geben Ansatzpunkte für Konzepte zur Lehrpraxengewinnung in den fachspezialistischen Fächern. Es sind weiterführende quantitative Untersuchungen erforderlich, um die vorliegenden Ergebnisse zu untermauern.

Published
2022

97. Nearby galaxies in the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey

Author

Heesen, V., primary, Klocke, T.-L., additional, Brüggen, M., additional, Tabatabaei, F. S., additional, Basu, A., additional, Beck, R., additional, Drabent, A., additional, Nikiel-Wroczyński, B., additional, Paladino, R., additional, Schulz, S., additional, and Stein, M., additional

Published
2022
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