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International audience; Nous utilisons l'Holographie Numérique pour étudier le couplage entre l'évaporation et la dispersion turbulente de gouttes d'un point de vue Lagrangien. Nos expériences menées sur des gouttes de fréon en évaporation ont mis en évidence la présence de sillages évaporant [1] qui modifient les hologrammes. Ces sillages apportent des informations sur la vitesse relative lagrangienne du gaz autour de la goutte. Ils contiennent d'autres informations que nous souhaitons pouvoir exploiter. Nous attribuons ces sillages à un effet de gradient d'indice de réfraction (température et/ou composition) dans le gaz environnant. Nous présentons ici des hologrammes de gouttes évaporantes, simulés au moyen de la Théorie de Lorenz-Mie Généralisées pour une sphère à couches concentriques. Nous montrons à l'aide de quelques exemples que la présence d'un gradient d'indice à l'extérieur d'une goutte modifie son hologramme d'une manière similaire à celle observée sur des gouttes d'éther en évaporation dans un air au repos. Ces premiers résultats justifient l'utilisation d'un masque dans le traitement des hologrammes déformés [1], seul moyen existant à ce jour pour traiter ces hologrammes. Ils ouvrent également la voie à la prise en compte des propriétés optiques de l'environnement gazeux des gouttes dans le traitement des hologrammes par une approche « problèmes inverses », et à une mesure de ces propriétés.

Logistics has an important economic role because it swallows the biggest part of capital and supports the flow and movement of many economic transactions. Therefore, designing the best logistics strategies is vital. In this chapter, we take a look at different kinds of logistics decisions, especially investigate the strategic ones. First, we define strategy and its levels, and then we explain strategic planning in a business. There are three levels for logistics decision: strategic, tactical, and operational. Each one is defined in this chapter. Because the focus of this chapter is on logistics strategic decisions, we introduce their main categories: customer service, logistics network design, and, last but not least, outsourcing versus vertical integration. An entire book can be devoted to each category, but here we offer a brief description for each one. In addition, we introduce important tools of strategic decision making. Moroever, at the end of this chapter, we describe the term flexibility in logistics decision making. We indicate that future logistics systems and platforms are not optimized to minimize cost minimization but to maximize strategic flexibility.

Atherosclerosis is the condition in which an artery wall thickens as the result of a build-up of fatty materials such as cholesterol. It is a syndrome affecting arterial blood vessels, a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, in large part due to the accumulation of macrophage white blood cells and promoted by low density (especially small particle) lipoproteins (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides) without adequate removal of fats and cholesterol from the macrophages by functional high density lipoproteins (HDL). It is commonly referred to as a hardening or furring of the arteries. It is caused by the formation of multiple plaques within the arteries., {"references":["Maton, Anthea, Roshan L,et al. Human Biology and Health. Englewood\nCliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. (1993); ISBN 0-13-981176-1.\nOCLC 32308337","Ridker PM. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular risk: an\nepidemiologic view. 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No abstract.

In this work, Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) was used to prepared Single- \ud Walled carbon nanorube (SWNT) samples. In developing the production techniques a \ud large number of parameters were varied during the course of work resulting in the \ud successful repeatible growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Methane was used as \ud a carbon-carrier gas decomposed at 950°C over a catalyst material consisting of 1.5% \ud and 2% by wt Fe chemically deposited on a MgO support. The activity of the catalyst \ud and the surround atmosphere were controlled by varying the flow ratio of Ar and H2 \ud gases as well as the flow of the carrier gas. Metallic catalyst particles together with \ud the support material were treated by consecutive acid treatments in HNOs and HC1 at \ud 50°C to reduce their concentration.\ud Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) \ud were used to show the presence of nanotubes and also to measure the diameter of \ud SWNT bundles and the size of carboneous materials. Images of SEM and TEM show \ud a large number of nanotubes in the samples.\ud Raman scattering was used to probe the electronic properties and hence derive the \ud diameters of the SWNT. For this reason, Raman spectra of SWNT samples were \ud measured in the radial breathing mode (RBM) and Tangential mode (TM) ranges \ud using three different laser lines. Raman spectra show a diameter distribution of \ud nanotubes ranging from 0.97 to 1.45 nm.\ud Microgravimetric measurements of nitrogen and hydrogen adsorption were then \ud applied to these samples to evaluate the specific surface areas Brunauer, Emmett and \ud Teller (BET) and HT storage capacities of the samples and also derive information \ud about the diameter of the pores in the samples by analysing the hysteresis loop in the N2 isotherm. The BET measurements show a different surface area for samples 350 \ud m2/g for sample 1 and 227 m2/g for sample 2. Because there is a direct relationship \ud between the surface area and hydrogen adsorption so the different storage capacity are \ud shown for samples 0.5wt% for sample 1 and 0.25wt% for sample 2.

Objective: To determine the effect of orthodontic tooth movement on the expression ofinterleukin-1β mRNA in rats using RT-PCR.Materials and Methods: Sample consisted of eighteen 8-week-old male Wistar rats. Theright maxillary first molar of each animal was protracted using an orthodontic protraction appliance.The left maxillary first molar received no treatment and was assigned as the controlgroup. On day 21, all rats were sacrifice and divided in two equal groups. The first group,group (A), was histologically evaluated for the presence and size of potential resorptive lacunae.The second group, group (B), was investigated using RT-PCR in order to determineIL-1β mRNA expression.Results: Measurements revealed that the mean tooth movement was 0.23 mm in group Aand 0.24 mm in group B. The mean depth of the resorptive lacunae was 0.17×10-11 mm2 inthe control group and 4.9×10-11 mm2 in the intervention group (control group: left maxillaryfirst molars; right maxillary first molars were divided to group A & B, histologic study of groupA assures the existence of resorptive lacunae and its extent relative to control group). Thedifference between the two groups was statistically significant (p

The aim of this study was to investigate whether impact of the seropositivity to Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection on ferritin and iron levels is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. The anti H pylori IgG, IgA levels, serum ferritin and iron concentration of 86 patients with cardiovascular disease and 64 participants free of cardiovascular disease as control subjects were determined by ELISA assay. The results of present study showed that seropositivity to H pylori IgG and IgA levels of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients was higher than controls and CAD patients with negative anti H pylori IgG and IgA significantly. A significant negative correlation was found between seropositivity to H pylori IgG and IgA, ferritin and iron levels of CAD patients with seronegativity and seronegativity to H pylori IgG and IgA in comparison with controls. The achieved results from present study suggest that the involvement of H pylori infection in atherosclerosis process is based on the chronic inflammation which might facilitate the CAD-related pathologies. Moreover, impact of the presence of H pylori infection on reduction of the ferritin and iron levels of CAD patients as a risk factor independent of other classic factors including lipid profiles and inflammatory factors was remarkable.