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Objective Accuracy of In-Pen Weighing (IPW) Positions, a feature of VYTELLE SENSE (Vytelle LLC, previously GrowSafe Beef), was evaluated using an in-pasture walk-over-weighing (WOW) system (WOW2; Tru-Test Ltd.) as a static-scale proxy. This experiment could provide important information for researchers and producers alike. Materials and Methods Accuracy of WOW as a proxy for static scale was investigated in the chute before in-pasture experiment. One pair of IPW Positions (water and mineral) and one WOW were used in each of eight 2.4-ha bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] paddocks to compare BW of 88 steers (Bos taurus; 99 to 506 kg) in Ardmore, Oklahoma, in 2020. Results and Discussion The WOW system was strongly positively correlated (r = 0.9998) and almost perfectly agreed (ρc = 0.9998) with the static scale, allowing it to be used in the field to validate IPW Positions. The median and regressed BW of the IPW Positions were strongly positively correlated (r = 0.9887 and 0.9731, respectively) and agreed substantially (ρc = 0.9885 and 0.9725, respectively) with WOW. Only 1.2 and 1.7% of paired data were outside 95% limits of agreement in median and regressed equations of the IPW Positions, respectively, indicating agreement in measuring BW. Repeatability coefficients for the median equation of IPW Positions and WOW (45 and 40 kg, respectively) and the regressed equation of IPW Positions and WOW (71 and 48 kg, respectively) indicate repeatability of IPW Positions and WOW in measuring BW. Implications and Applications The IPW Positions accurately measure steer BW without the labor and stress associated with conventional measurements.

In this letter, we provide a physical insight into the operating mechanism of a reconfigurable bistate active frequency selective surface (AFSS) based on characteristic mode analysis. At first, we study the modal behavior of the unit structure under different load resistances and found that the modal significance bandwidths of the fundamental mode and the high-order modes increase with the load resistance. When the load resistance is very high, the fundamental resonant frequency will move to high frequencies and the high-order modes may not change. Such features can be used in the design of the reconfigurable transmission/reflection frequency selective surface. It is found that the isolation between transparent and reflective states is mainly determined by the radiated field from fundamental mode. At the same time, we provide two improvement approaches to design this kind of frequency selective surfaces. And a reconfigurable AFSS operating at 2.1 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The letter makes sense for the design of reconfigurable bistate AFSSs.

In this paper, a novel intermittent noise-diffusion layer is proposed to synchronize a network system. Different from most of the traditional noise-induced synchronization or noise stabilization (noise exists in nodes of the network), we give an intermittent noise-diffusion layer (the noise exists in the edges of the network) to study the almost sure exponential synchronization. The theoretical results show that the general network system can be synchronized in the almost sure sense as long as the topological structure of the network in the intermittent noise-diffusion layer is an undirected connected graph. Two examples are proposed to illustrate the theory obtained.

The power electronic transformer (PET) is an emerging technology that is quickly becoming a key component of the next-to-come power distribution networks (PDNs), due to its versatility on energy management, as well as, the improvement on the quality of the energy. PDNs are characterized by their unbalanced conditions, causing that PETs driven by conventional dq0 controls introduce current distortions on the primary winding of the transformer. Such distortion is evidenced in the 2 $\boldsymbol{\omega }$ oscillations of ${V_d}$ and ${V_q}$ acting as harmonic sources. In this sense, this article proposes a novel control approach for PETs. The key idea behind of this proposal consists of operating each phase independently, which is achieved through the enclosed rectification and the mitigation of the 2 $\boldsymbol{\omega }$ oscillations in a dual active bridge topology. The attained advantages by this control scheme are: a) balancing of the primary winding currents; b) unitary power factor; c) negligible harmonic distortion; and d) 2 $\boldsymbol{\omega }$ oscillation mitigation on the dc bus.

AimImpaired vibrotactile sense, mirroring diabetic peripheral neuropathy, is present among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. This study aims to re-examine the vibrotactile sense of paediatric type 1 diabetes subjects in order to evaluate any alterations in the vibrotactile sense over time.MethodsA VibroSense Meter I device was used to determine the vibrotactile perception thresholds (VPTs) for seven frequencies from the pulp of index and little fingers and for five frequencies from metatarsal heads one and five on the sole of the foot, of 37 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, previously examined in a larger cohort. Subjects were followed up after a median time of 30 months. Z-scores of VPTs were calculated using previously collected normative data.ResultsVPTs improved over time at low frequencies (especially 16 Hz) on the foot, while not being statistically significant different on the rest of the frequencies, either on hand or foot. VPTs were not correlated to HbA1c.ConclusionA mid-term follow-up of vibrotactile sense in paediatric subjects with type 1 diabetes shows a conceivable normalization of previously impaired vibrotactile sense on some frequencies on the foot, indicating that vibrotactile sense might fluctuate over time. (Less)

A novel acoustic noise dosimeter is presented in this letter to investigate and measure the sound noise level that damages human hearing. A miniaturized magnetoelectric (ME) antenna is utilized to sense the sound noise level through the nonlinear antenna modulation around the operating acoustic resonance frequency of 63.6 MHz. Applied noise level of 102 dBA at two different 300 kHz and 1 kHz frequencies results in 33.8 dB and 28.7 dB signal to noise ratio. In addition, the fabricated antenna provides a high frequency of resonance of 2.49 GHz for energy harvesting and communications.

Series connection of SiC power MOSFET is an attractive approach to expand the blocking voltage of SiC devices, whereas the dynamic voltage balancing among the series-connected devices is the most critical challenge of the technique. In this article, a simple, fast, and cost-effective dynamic voltage balancing circuit of the series-connected SiC MOSFETs is proposed to suppress the voltage imbalance among the devices. The proposed circuit is composed of a resistor-capacitor (RC) snubber with a coupled inductor to effectively sense the voltage imbalance and add a compensated signal to the gate driving voltage. In the article, the operation principle of the proposed method is described in detail and the parameter selection of the circuit is given. Then the optimized layout of the circuit in a typical half-bridge SiC power module is proposed to reduce the stray parameters introduced by the coupled inductor effectively. The proposed method is verified by experiments under different conditions. Compared with a purely RC snubber balancing strategy, the capacitor can be significantly reduced. Since only passive components are required in the feedback loop, the proposed method demonstrates a reliable and straightforward approach to achieve equal voltage sharing of the series-connected devices.

The calculation of short-circuit currents is critical for the design of protection systems and electrical equipment rating. The short-circuit current contribution of traditional synchronous generators, which depends on common machine parameters, has been validated in recent decades. In this sense, the increasing penetration of wind power generation in current power systems means that network operators need to evaluate the response of wind turbines when a fault occurs. The recent publication of Edition 2 of IEC 60909-0 in 2016 defined a formulation to represent the short-circuit contribution for modern wind turbines, such as doubly-fed and full-converter technologies. Nevertheless, both the IEC and the ANSI/IEEE guidelines are based on new parameters that must be provided by the wind turbine manufacturer. This paper develops a methodology to calculate the parameters that define the short-circuit contribution of doubly-fed wind turbines for both international guidelines, IEC 60909-0 Ed. 2 and ANSI/IEEE. Field measurements and simulations are used for the validation of the developed method. Furthermore, some of the shortcomings of the IEC short-circuit calculation method are identified and alternative approaches are proposed and evaluated.

This paper investigates the semi-global robust output regulation problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems via a sampled-data output feedback control law. What makes the results interesting is that the nonlinearities of the proposed system do not have to satisfy linear growth condition and the uncertain parameters of our system are allowed to belong to some arbitrarily large prescribed compact subset. Two cases are considered. The first case is that the exogenous signal is constant. The second case is that the exogenous signal is time-varying and bounded. For the first case, the authors solve the problem exactly in the sense that the tracking error approaches zero asymptotically. For the second case, the authors solve the problem practically in the sense that the steady-state tracking error can be made arbitrarily small. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.

Bell, ZW, Spitz, RW, Wong, V, Yamada, Y, Song, JS, Abe, T, and Loenneke, JP. Can individuals be taught to sense the degree of vascular occlusion? A comparison of methods and implications for practical blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3359-3365, 2022-The study objective was to determine whether subjects could be conditioned to a relative blood flow restriction pressure in the lower body and compare 2 separate conditioning methods (unconstrained vs. constrained). Thirty-five subjects completed 4 visits, involving measurements for arterial occlusion and pressure estimations at 5 minutes and 24 hours after conditioning. The constrained method involved applying 40% of measured arterial occlusion 11 times, along with 10% above and below this pressure. The unconstrained method was time-matched, involving a series of inflations to 40% arterial occlusion for 12 seconds and then deflated for 22 seconds. Data are presented as mean differences (95% credible interval) unless otherwise noted. The absolute error between conditioning methods was found to be similar at 5 minutes (-1.1 [-5.9, 3.7] mm Hg) and 24 hours (-2.4 [-7, 2.2] mm Hg) after conditioning. The constant error differed between methods at 5 minutes [-8.2 (-14.4, -1.9) mm Hg] but was similar at 24 hours (-2.5 [-8.5, 3.6] mm Hg; H0: 0.680; H1: 0.068; and H2: 0.252) after conditioning. The bias and 95% limits of agreement for the unconstrained method were -3.9 (-33.8, 25.9) mm Hg at 5 minutes and -2.9 (-32, 26.1) mm Hg at 24 hours. The agreement for the constrained method was 4.2 (-28, 36.5) mm Hg at 5 minutes and -0.54 (-37.3, 36.2) mm Hg at 24 hours. Conditioning methods produced similar levels of absolute error, indicating that either method may offer a viable means of pressure application. Most estimates were between 20 and 60% of arterial occlusion pressure. Additional conditioning sessions may be needed to narrow this range at the individual level.

The MAP approach provides a way to analyze the steady-state handling behavior of road/race cars. It is completely general, in the sense that is can be employed for any real car, and for any mathematical model as well. Two concepts play a central role in MAP: the achievable region, that is the totality of the achievable trim conditions for a given vehicle, and the level (handling) curves inside the achievable region, to highlight the vehicle peculiar features. The envelope of level curves is often a good practical way to obtain the achievable regions.

This paper focuses on determining the opinions of primary school third-grade pupils about the conceptual meaning and use of the numbers “0” and “1”. The current study employed the case study design, which is one of the qualitative research methods. In the selection of the sample, the criterion sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used. The study was conducted with the participation of a total of 114 third-grade pupils (58 girls and 56 boys) attending two state primary schools located in the city of Ankara in the fall term of the 2019-2020 school year. As the data collection tool, a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers in relation to the concepts of “0” and “1” was used. In the analysis of the data obtained in relation to the concepts of “0” and “1”, content analysis was used. The primary school third-grade pupils made sense of the number “0” in association with the categories of four operations, ineffective element, absorbing element, number, natural number, meaningless, valueless, absence, even number, beginning, and letter. The categories in which most thoughts about the meaning of the number “1” are gathered are number, ineffective element, and uniqueness. It was determined that the pupils are more successful in the use of the numbers “0” and “1” in the addition and subtraction operations than in the multiplication and division operations.

This paper explores the Vertical tunnel FET with the introduced layer of SiGe within the channel/source junction using TCAD. As Tunnel FETs smothered the 60 mV/decade confinement level through the utilization of quantum-mechanical B2BT to enhance this circuit’s efficiency for low-power applications. The vertical analysis of the source channel and drain will enhance the scalability of the device. Moreover, integration of 2 nm pocket Silicon germanium layer into the channel leads to aggressive improvements in VT numerical simulations, Subthreshold swing (SS) found to be 29.07 mV/decade, high on/off current ratio of 109 in 50 nm channel. To avoid the problem like random dopant fluctuation (RDF), this draft deals with the doping charge plasma technique with the uniform doping of 1 × 1015 cm−3 with integrated pocket SiGe layer for biosensing application. The p + and n + source and drain created by inducing the optimized work function which sense the neutral and charge biomolecules by introducing the dimensional cavity. The paper also investigates the effect of the length and thickness variation on the cavity to its drain current characteristics. In biomedical field, this research contributing a major analysis for sensing different charged biomolecules.

In this paper, the behavior of initially imperfect reinforced concrete columns with different eccentricity and end restraint conditions at elevated temperatures is studied. By constructing column curves for the heated columns, the combined and interrelated effects of initial imperfection patterns, rotational end restraint level, self-equilibrating thermal stresses, and end eccentricity condition for columns with different slenderness ratios are investigated. The study shows that for each column curve, there exists a characteristic fire resistance that is a maximum and not affected by end restraint characteristic. It was found that for all columns, there is a critical value of slenderness ratio after which column responses to fire change. It was also found that under certain conditions, an antisymmetrically loaded column with an initial out-of-straightness experiences a double-phase unwinding phenomenon and may fail in a single-curvature buckling mode, but they cannot buckle in an antisymmetrical double-curvature mode. This is quite different from symmetrically loaded columns with initial out-of-straightness of opposite sense of gravest buckling mode, which show a single-unwinding phenomenon and can fail in either a single- or a double-curvature buckling mode. The investigation revealed that the values of effective length factor at high temperatures are different from those at ambient temperature, and these values are slightly affected by the end eccentricity, column slenderness, and load ratio.

Rapid and sensitive detection of fat concentration in milk is a necessary part for citizens in each country. Bio-photonic sensing techniques are an accurate best way to detect biosensing measurements. The main aim of the proposed device is to make a more effective sensor to detect fat concentration in milk. A novel bio-photonic sensor based on the ternary photonic crystal of porous silicon is proposed. The key factor used here is that the dielectric constant of the milk depends strongly on the fat concentration. The proposed structures are (A) asymmetric ternary photonic crystal: (PSi1/PSi2/PSi3)N/Sample/(PSi1/PSi2/PSi3)N substrate, and (B) symmetric ternary photonic crystal: (PSi1/PSi2/PSi3)N/Sample/(PSi3/PSi2/ PSi1)N substrate. PSi and N denote to porous silicon layer and the number of layers, respectively. The numerical calculations for the proposed structure are calculated by using the transfer matrix method. Our biosensor is more efficient than some of the available sensors to sense the fat concentration in milk.

The reduction of temperature effect is vitally important for high precision sensors. This paper introduces the theoretical analysis and experimental verification of an in-situ compensation method on the temperature coefficient of the scale factor for a single-axis electromagnetic force-balance feedback MEMS accelerometer. A micro thermistor, fabricated together with the MEMS accelerometer, is integrated to in-situ sense the temperature variation of the accelerometer. The thermistor is connected to the voltage-to-current resistance in series, which compensates the variation of the scale factor of the accelerometer that is influenced by temperature variation. The experimental results reveal that the temperature coefficient of the scale factor of the compensated accelerometer is within 6 ppm/°C for the temperature range from 25°C to 50°C, which is reduced by 68 times compared with the uncompensated accelerometer. Benefiting from the compatible fabrication process and the in-situ compensation, the proposed method is promising to be low-cost and high-efficiency.

A z-axis decoupled multi-frame vibration MEMS gyroscope (DMFVMG) is presented in this paper. Firstly, the decoupled principle is employed and the sense frame, Coriolis frame and drive frame are arranged through inner fame, intermediate frame and outer frame, and the movement characteristic analysis indicates that the structure is fully decoupled. The structure is simulated through mode analysis, harmonic response and drop shock response. The simulation results show that the resonant frequencies of the Sense Mode and Drive Mode are 10094Hz and 10162Hz, and the maximum deformation and stress with the shock analysis is 7.14 $\mu {\mathrm{ m}}$ and 235.19MPa (among three different directions). Then, the structure is fabricated through MEMS processing, and P-type single-crystalline silicon wafer and 7740 glass wafer are used. After that, the structure is packaged in a ceramic vacuum tube shell and the resonant frequencies and quality values of the sense and drive mode are 10354.21Hz and 5364, 10438.23Hz and 5219, the error between fabrication and simulation is 2.58% and 2.72%. And the monitoring system of DMFVMG prototype is established by analog circuit with drive closed-loop and sense open-loop. Then, the DMFVMG prototype is tested through turntable, and the range, scale factor and intercept are ±300°/s, −19.06mV/°/s and 95.43mV respectively. Finally, five repeated bias tests are arranged and the angular random walking values and bias stability are 0.2408°/ $\surd \text{h}$ , 0.2358°/ $\surd \text{h}$ , 0.2413°/ $\surd \text{h}$ , 0.2397°/ $\surd \text{h}$ and 0.2480°/ $\surd \text{h}$ , 2.858°/h, 3.159°/h, 3.428°/h, 1.891°/h and 3.467°/h respectively.

This paper explores the properties of the gap of representative points (RPs) in the sense of minimum mean square error for various univariate statistical distributions. We illustrate the relationsh...

Amaç: Duyu, algı, motor kayıplarına yol açan inme; denge, postüral stabilite ve mobiliteyi etkilemektedir. Gövde pozisyon hissi ve stabilitesi ekstremite fonksiyonları açısından önemlidir. Fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyonda ortotik cihazlar da dahil olmak üzere, gövde kontrolünün arttırılmasına yönelik çeşitli yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, inme sonrası bireylerde elastik gövde ortezinin gövde repozisyon hissi ve denge üzerindeki anlık etkisini araştırmayı amaçladı.Yöntem: Çalışmaya 28 inme geçirmiş, aynı yaş grubunda 28 sağlıklı, toplam 56 birey dahil edildi. Repozisyon hissi ve denge, gövde ortezli ve ortezsiz olarak, HUMAC NORM izokinetik cihazı, Gövde Bozukluk Ölçeği, İnme Hastaları İçin Postüral Değerlendirme Ölçeği ve Fonksiyonel Uzanma Testleriyle değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Grup içi ve gruplar arasında gövde korseli ve korsesiz olarak repozisyon hissi bakımından anlamlı farklılık bulunmadı (p˃0,05). İnme Hastaları İçin Postüral Değerlendirme Ölçeği skorları anlamlı değişiklik göstermedi (p˃0,05). Fonksiyonel Uzanma Testinde korse kullanımı lehine hem çalışma hem kontrol grubunda anlamlı farklılık bulundu (sırasıyla p=0,013 and p, Purpose: Stroke; causing sensory, perception, motor loss, affects balance, postural stability and mobility. Position sense of trunk and its stability are important in terms of limb functions. Various methods are used in physiotherapy and rehabilitation, including orthotic devices to increase trunk control. This study aimed to investigate the immediate effect of elastic trunk orthosis on trunk repositioning sense and balance in post-stroke individuals.Methods: A total of 56, 28 with stroke and 28 age matched healthy individuals, were included into study. Repositioning sense and balance were evaluated with and without a trunk orthosis, using the HUMAC NORM isokinetic device, Trunk Impairment Scale, Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients, and Functional Reach Tests.Results: There was no significant difference within and between groups on trunk repositioning sense with and without corset use (p˃0.05). Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients scores did not show significant change (p˃0.05). There was a significant difference in favour of corset use in both study and control groups in functional reach test (p=0.013 and p

ln this paper, we extend the classical SEIRS model within the framework of the fractional model in the sense of Caputo–Fabrizio derivative modified with an auxiliary parameter. This model describes the transmission of the influenza virus and shows the influence of the disease resistance and the form of the non-linearity of the incidence rate on the spread of the infectious disease. The existence and uniqueness of the variables of the given model are examined using the fixed point theorems. A detailed analysis of the stability of the disease-free equilibrium point was presented. Finally, using the three-step fractional Adams–Bashforth scheme, the profile of each state variable is depicted for different values of the fractional-order $$\alpha $$ and compared with the first-order derivative curves.

PurposeSensemaking is the difficult art which lies at the heart of academia. Academics bring their own ways of examining and explaining things they see. A key challenge for Carrie is how to make sense of complex and challenging situations, recognize available solutions, choose the best path moving forward, and convey all of the above to the different stakeholders, in a clear and compelling manner. According to Bolman and Gallos (2011), sensemaking involves three steps: (1) noticing something, (2) deciding what to make of it and (3) deciding what to do about it. Humans are known to be good at all three of these steps. In fact, we do it so automatically, all the time, that we often tend to overlook some important aspects of this process.Design/methodology/approachAcademics in colleges and universities attain levels of autonomy and collective power beyond employees in most other industries, which not only create challenges for administrators but also for colleagues who find themselves in conflict with one another. This chapter chronicles a composite scenario describing a conflict between two scholars, Carrie and Paul. Weick's sensemaking framework and Argyris and Schön's organizational learning framework illustrate how Carrie made sense of and learned from a situation which remains all too common in higher education. Bolman and Gallos's four learning routines provide some resolutions to Carrie's dilemma. The most important lesson to take from Carrie's conversation with Paul is not whether the conversation went well or not. In many ways, we are always moving toward what is real, or what Popper calls “closer to the truth” when we are unable to see our destination clearly.FindingsThe authors, Bolman and Gallos (2011), recommend that we use a two-sided case with the same format that Carrie used, when dealing with difficult situation. One side reflects what was said (or anticipated conversation) and the responses (or anticipated responses; or how you think they will respond) on the left column and, on the right column, your unspoken thoughts (what you were thinking but did not say). According to the authors, if one subscribes to this practice, one would gain greater clarity with respect to one's strengths, comfort zones and flat spots. The two-sided model is low-risk and it enables one to visualize one's intended strategies, how one speaks to one's colleague and the possible consequences. The model can also let one know how optimistic or pessimistic one is about the situation. Knowing our position in advance may help us to develop and practice new strategies, which may also assist in building confidence and communication skills.Practical implicationsTo conclude, interpersonal skills are central to good communication but, in higher education, interpersonal skills are insufficient. Often, when relationships among colleagues go awry, it is because they know what they intend but they do not know what they did to have contributed to unsatisfactory outcomes. As a result, it is easier to point fingers at others than to reflect and learn from one's mistakes. The ones who succeed are those who are persistent and proactive in reflecting on their behaviour and in learning from those around them. Furthermore, they seek feedback from their colleagues, put their assumptions to the test, work on balancing advocacy and inquiry, and learn about the pattern of their daily practice.Originality/valueThis chapter/paper chronicles a composite scenario describing a conflict between two scholars, Carrie and Paul. The most important lesson to take from Carrie's conversation with Paul is not whether the conversation went well or not. In many ways, we are always moving toward what is real, or what Popper calls “closer to the truth” when we are unable to see our destination clearly.

In microgravity, the astronaut’s body is suspended in a void, separated from its surroundings except where measures have been taken to tether it to a surface. The experience of weightlessness can b...

The importance of research into voice behavior for organizational effectiveness has recently become even more evident. We explored the impact of the mismatch between power and status on employees' voice behavior through the mediating mechanism of power struggle and the moderating mechanism of power distance. Hypotheses were derived from legitimacy theory. Participants were 647 Chinese employee–supervisor dyads. We found that the mismatch between employees' sense of power and status positively predicted their voice behavior via power struggle, and the positive indirect relationship was amplified when power distance was at a higher level. Theoretical contributions and future research directions are discussed.

In this article, a four-element circularly polarized series-slot-fed multiple–input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array with circular polarization (CP) diversity is presented. The proposed design utilizes a combination of 45° inclined slots and a straight microstrip line feeding technique. The two antennas are designed to operate with the opposite sense of CP. CP is achieved by placing a patch of just about square dimensions on the top of the V-slot with orthogonal but unequal arms. The unequal arm of the slot degenerates the fundamental mode at a slightly different frequency with a 90° phase difference occurring at the center frequency of each arm. Proper positioning of the patch on the top of the slot ensures excitation of CP. For realizing a MIMO antenna with a different sense of polarization, both the slots and the patches are flipped with respect to the feedline. Following optimization at the full-wave level of description, the antenna is prototyped and validated experimentally. The realizable antenna footprint is 20 mm $\times27.7$ mm. The simulated and measured results indicate that the proposed antenna features a wide impedance bandwidth ( $\vert \text{S}_{11}\vert dB) from 26.9 to 30.7 GHz, 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth from 27.31 to 29.65 GHz and the peak realized gain of 11.86 dBic. Moreover, it exhibits a low level of in-band isolation $\vert \text{S}_{21}\vert > -37$ dB and an almost negligible envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), less than 0.00025. The highly directional beams, high gain, and compact size of the proposed antenna permit implementation of multiple antennas for indoor applications in the 28 GHz band.

This work presents a fully planar, nondestructive readout, and high-performance impact ionization random access memory ( ${I}^{\,2}$ -RAM) cell having static random access memory (SRAM) characteristics. The proposed memory cell consists of a bipolar ${I}^{\,2}$ MOSFET (BIMOS) whose source region is shared with the drain region of a control gate (CG)-nMOS. The proposed ${I}^{\,2}$ -RAM offers excellent static characteristics, including write “1” (W1) time of ~0.5 ns, superior nondestructive readout time of ~0.4 ns, and sense margin (SM) of $\sim 242~\mu \text{A} / \mu \text{m}$ at room temperature (300 K). The proposed ${I}^{\,2}$ -RAM cell also shows a static retention time (RT) >3600 s at a lower supply voltage of ${V}_{\text{DS}} =1.1$ V for 300 K and 358 K temperatures. It additionally has a high read current ratio of $\sim 2\times 10^{9}$ and $\sim 4\times 10^{7}$ at temperatures 300 and 358 K, respectively. The proposed $I^{2}$ -RAM cell is promising candidate for embedded-RAM and high-performance applications.

I began this contemplation of skull and mind after a concussion in 2017 meant that I had to stop reading and engaging in the variety of daily, cognitive activities that comprise academic work. Making Sense documents the subjective sensorium of this injury through a multimedia memoir and autoethnographic analysis that is attuned to ‘existential modalities’. I contemplate an emerging, perceptual repertoire alongside other knowledge practices that recognize the more surreal dimensions of a life-interrupted. Materiality and colour and painting (and text) are considered as evocative modes for apprehending embodied experience and textures of memory and imagination. As an experiment with methodologies of perception, Making Sense includes an abridged, event-based memoir (in stone, text and paintings). An animated pptx version is linked.

The performance of the existing frequency control strategies for MT-HVDC systems relies on the accuracy of the mathematical models. However, it is hard to obtain the exact mathematical models of MT-HVDC systems. To deal with this challenge, this paper presents a distributed cooperative frequency control strategy for MT-HVDC systems by using a reinforcement learning method, i.e., value iteration algorithm. Specifically, the proposed control strategy is data driven and hence model free. Besides, the proposed control strategy is distributed in the sense that each AC area only requires the local and neighboring information, rather than the information of all the AC areas. Moreover, the proposed control strategy makes the connected AC areas compensate load disturbances together by sharing their power reserves via HVDC grids, which greatly decreases the operation costs of MT-HVDC systems. The performance of the proposed control strategy is validated by cases study.

Power is a ubiquitous element of organizational relationships. Historically in the organizational and social sciences, power has most commonly been evaluated statically. Although this approach has been beneficial thus far, it may be inconsistent with the realities that most individuals face in organizations. Rather, we suggest that individuals' sense of power changes, even within a given day. Thus, we introduce the concept of power fluctuation to better explain the phenomenon that one's sense of power varies over time. We position power fluctuation as a form of micro role transition and draw from the social distance theory of power to posit that such fluctuation throughout the day has both positive and negative consequences. Specifically, we suggest that daily power fluctuation (day-to-day, within-person variance in power fluctuation) as well as general power fluctuation (person-to-person, between-person variance in power fluctuation) increase perspective taking and contribution to team performance, but those benefits come at an emotional cost (i.e., frustration and emotional exhaustion). The results of our multilevel experience sampling study of 845 matched-responses from 103 employee-coworker dyads largely support our predictions of the manifestation and consequences of power fluctuation. The implications of power fluctuation for theory and practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

To estimate the moisture in an entire arbitrarily shaped workpiece, an automatic system should continuously sense moisture at all points of the workpiece. This paper proposes a design method for a microwave-based moisture sensing system for granular materials in arbitrarily shaped containers based on scanning in a moisture sensing box. The size of the moisture sensing box is first determined as the maximum size of any granular material containers based on the initial user requirements. The moisture sensing system physically consists of a pair of antennas for the microwave transmission and reception and a pair of distance sensors to scan throughout the maximum scanning range of the moisture sensing box to find the attenuation and workpiece thickness at all points of the workpiece. Then, these sensed microwave attenuations and measured workpiece thicknesses are used to calculate the moisture at all points of the workpiece. Finally, the average moisture of all points is taken as the estimated moisture of the entire workpiece. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, experiments were performed with granular materials in containers of various shapes. The estimation results show that the proposed method of continuous moisture scanning of a workpiece can improve accuracy by approximately 7.77% compared to the antenna array approach.

In the present paper, new analytical solutions for the space-time fractional Boussinesq and (2 + 1)-dimensional breaking soliton equations are obtained by using the simplified tan (phi(xi)/2)-expansion method. Here, fractional derivatives are defined in the conformable sense. To show the correctness of the obtained traveling wave solutions, residual error function is defined. It is observed that the new solutions are very close to the exact solutions. The solutions obtained by the presented method have not been reported in former literature. (C) 2020 Shanghai Jiaotong University. Published by Elsevier B.V.

We show that delta invariant of a log Fano pair can be approximated by lc places of plt complements if it is no greater than one. Under the assumption that delta invariant (no greater than one) of a log Fano pair can be approximated by lc places of bounded plt complements, we show the existence of divisorial valuation computing delta invariant of this log Fano pair.

Understanding performance measures’ place in effecting program change requires examining them in relation to other structural program elements and the interpretive meanings attached to them. Framed using structuration theory, this paper utilizes interviews with professionals in the homelessness field to analyze how administrators make sense of performance objectives associated with federally-funded permanent supportive housing (PSH). Findings illustrate that when the meaning of a performance objective is unclear and contradictory to funder requirements and program norms, administrators do not value nor use the performance data. Conversely, when the meaning of a performance objective is clear, reinforcing funder requirements and program norms, administrators use the performance data for various purposes. In the context of PSH, professionals conveyed using a single performance objective to benchmark against peer programs, to confirm they are meeting other program norms that are not reliably tracked, and to build a performance-based advocacy argument without collecting additional performance data.

A high frequency rectifier is the core of a RF energy harvesting system. It should offer a very good efficiency at low input power levels and to obtain that compensation of threshold voltage is a very important aspect. A threshold compensation scheme for MOSFETS for RF rectifier applicable in RF energy harvesting system is presented in this paper. The switching of the MOSFET is improved with overall enhancement of output rise time of the system. The design emphasis is to have a simplified circuit without the requirement of any external source so as to achieve self-sustainability in the true sense. The rectifier circuit is derived from the basic Dickson charge pump model and is evaluated using 45nm CMOS process. The design has utilized Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor instead of basic diodes which ensures low power along with fabrication feasibility. The maximum measured PCE of the design is obtained to be 33% at 4dBm input power level at 500Mhz frequency with 1 Kilo Ohm load resistance. The output transient response rise time has been measured to be 85ns at 500MHz and 50.10ns at 1Ghz.

Frege famously claimed that variations in the sense of a proper name can sometimes be ‘tolerated’. In this paper, we offer a novel explanation of this puzzling claim. Frege, we argue, follows Trendelenburg in holding that we think in language—sometimes individually and sometimes together. Variations in sense can be tolerated in just those cases where we are using language to coordinate our actions but are not engaged in thinking together about an issue.

This paper presents an analysis based on a mixture of the Laplace transform and the new iteration method to obtain new approximate results of the fractional-order Klein-Gordon equations in the Caputo-Fabrizio sense. So, a general system to investigate the approximate results of the fractional-order Klein-Gordon equations is obtained. This technique’s effectiveness is demonstrated by comparing the actual results of the fractional-order equations suggested with the results achieved.

This paper deals with the discrete maximum principle and energy stability of a new difference scheme for solving Allen-Cahn equations. By combining the second-order central difference approximation in space and the Crank-Nicolson method with Newton linearized technique in time, a two-level linearized difference scheme for Allen-Cahn equations is derived, which can yield accuracy of order two both in time and space. Under appropriate conditions, the scheme is proved to be uniquely solvable and able to preserve the maximum principle and energy stability of the equations in the discrete sense. With some numerical experiments, the theoretical results and computational effectiveness of the scheme are further illustrated.

This paper describes a high-resolution 3D navigation and tracking system using magnetic field gradients, that can replace X-Ray fluoroscopy in high-precision surgeries. Monotonically varying magnetic fields in X, Y and Z directions are created in the field-of-view (FOV) to produce magnetic field gradients, which encode each spatial point uniquely. Highly miniaturized, wireless and battery-less devices, capable of measuring their local magnetic field, are designed to sense the gradient field. One such device can be attached to an implant inside the body and another to a surgical tool, such that both can simultaneously measure and communicate the magnetic field at their respective locations to an external receiver. The relative location of the two devices on a real-time display can enable precise surgical navigation without using X-Rays. A prototype device is designed consisting of a micro-chip fabricated in 65nm CMOS technology, a 3D magnetic sensor and an inductor-coil. Planar electromagnetic coils are designed for creating the 3D magnetic field gradients in a $20\times 20\times 10$ cm3 of scalable FOV. Unambiguous and orientation-independent spatial encoding is achieved by: (i) using the gradient in the total field magnitude instead of only the Z-component; and (ii) using a combination of the gradient fields to correct for the non-linearity and non-monotonicity in X and Y gradients. The resultant X and Y FOV yield ≥90% utilization of their respective coil-span. The system is tested in vitro to demonstrate a localization accuracy of $ m in 3D, the highest reported to the best of our knowledge.

In this study, the dynamic responses of railway track multi-layer beam structure system under a moving load, which is connected by Winkler springs, are analyzed. It is noted that since track structure beams with consistent boundary conditions in mathematical sense have the same mode, the mode decomposition can be carried out in the same way. By adopting this approach, the dynamic coupling equations of track structure multi-layer beam system with the same vibration mode under a moving load can be decoupled. The closed vibration solutions of the displacement of the beams at each layer of the track system are presented and some are obtained by observing the form of solutions. The track structure multi-storey beam system model can be further used in the analysis of track system structural displacement, as well as the high-speed railway system and railway-bridge coupled system dynamics. It is found that the multi-layer system of CRTS-II simply supported beam bridge system and CRTS-II track system can be degenerated into triple simply supported beams with Winkler connection and double free beams on Winkler foundation, which is of great significance to engineering practice.

In this paper, connectedness in temporal intuitionistic fuzzy topology in Chang's sense is introduced and investigated. In the content of the paper, basic definitions, theorems and propositions about connectedness in temporal intuitionistic fuzzy topology in Chang's sense are given.

This paper presents the design of a bidirectional same-sense circularly polarized (CP) antenna that uses metasurfaces. The antenna consists of two metasurfaces, each comprising an array of 2 × 4 corner truncated patches placed back-to-back on the top and bottom of the antenna. In addition, a ground plane with an etched slot is sandwiched between the substrates at the front and back, and the feed line is a 50 Ω coplanar waveguide. The antenna radiates same-sense right-handed CP waves in both the front and back directions and has overall dimensions of 48 mm × 24 mm × 3.048 mm (0.91λo × 0.45λo × 0.05λo at 5.7 GHz). The measured reflection coefficient for |S11| < -10 dB yields an impedance bandwidth of 5.21–6.26 GHz (18.4%) and an axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 5.36–6 GHz (11.2%) for both front and back directions. The antenna gain is 3–5.29 dBic for both directions and has a radiation efficiency of >96% within its AR bandwidth.