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In the article the situation and trends in the development of dissertations in pedagogy have being analyzed, positive trends and reasons for the low quality of individual dissertations is indicated. The authors focus on methodological “omissions” that reduce the scientific value of dissertations. Authors include to that the construction by dissertators of key theoretical and methodological premises of the study – a research question, a hypothesis, a concept, novelty, a model of the process under study, an experimental substantiation of the conclusions, which reflect the “deficiencies” of the methodological culture of authors, the specifics of pedagogical research are not taken into account. The authors try to explain why these “conclusions” often cause mistrust among practicing teachers. Constructive recommendations for conducting a dissertation research are also made in the article.

The article presents the results of a study of the nutritional and biological value of grain drinks. The comparative analysis was made between fortified and non-fortified grain drinks, grain drinks were fortified with flaxseed flour to increase omega-3, resulting in a positive effect on the ω-6/ω-3 ratio. The aim of the study was to determine the change in the quality and composition of cereal drinks before and after enrichment with flaxseed flour. As a result of research, it was found that flaxseed flour increases the protein content in drinks. According to the content of fatty acid composition, grain drinks differ markedly from each other. On the basis of the conducted studies, it was proved that the enrichment of test samples with flaxseed flour had a positive effect on the content of Omega-3, as well as on the ratio ω-6/ω-3. The ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 in the developed products shows the following: rice drink, without enrichment - 0.67%, after enrichment was 3.23%, which indicates the correct ratio of ω-6 to ω-3; buckwheat drink, without enrichment - 0.81%, after enrichment - 3.76%, shows that enrichment has a positive effect on the ratio ω-6 / ω-3 and the content of ω-3 has become higher by 2.95%.The ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 in the developed products has reached optimal values, and the addition of a filler to grain drinks has increased the biological value of the product.

Trans-fatty acids enter the human body with hydrogenated fats. The oil and fat industry must inform consumers about the fatty acid composition of food products, including the content of saturated fatty acids and trans-isomers. This study used the method of instrumental analysis to determine the fatty-acid profile and the content of trans-fatty acids in margarine. The research involved ten commercial samples of margarine. The fatty acid composition was studied by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The calibration graphs were based on standard mixes of methyl esters of individual fatty acids. Some oils appeared to contain ≥ 17% of palmitic acid. The total content of saturated fatty acids was 20.04–38.84%; the content of monounsaturated acids ranged from 27.92 to 36.81%, while that of polyunsaturated acids was between 14.51 and 28.99%. The margarine samples contained no butter (dairy) fat. All the samples contained 0.01–23.06% of trans-fatty acids. If the share of trans-fats exceeded 2%, it meant that the technical regulations had been violated, and hydrogenated oils had been introduced into the formulations. The highly specific mass spectrometric approach made it possible to detect trace trans-fatty acids, thus eliminating the chance of unreliable or false positive results. These methods proved to be an effective means of regulatory compliance and counterfeit prevention.

The paper presents the results of a study of the photocatalytic activity of films formed by titanium dioxide nanorods doped with silver nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide. The obtained nanocomposite materials were studied by optical spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and Raman spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by generating a photocurrent when the surface was illuminated by a modulated light source of a xenon lamp. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by the degradation of the methylene blue dye, which is a model. It was found that the introduction of silver nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide into the pores of films made of titanium dioxide nanorods leads to an increase in the spectral sensitivity of the sample in the region of 400-500 nm. The increased sensitivity of the sample to visible light leads to an increase in photocurrent generation and is 2.3 times higher than that of the original sample. Degradation of the methylene blue dye after 100 minutes of irradiation in the presence of a TiO2/Ag/rGO sample was 19 %. This is 3 times higher than in TiO2 nanorods films and 2.3 times higher than TiO2/Ag films. The results of the conducted studies have shown that the improvement of photocatalytic activity is associated with a decrease in film resistance, an expansion of spectral sensitivity and an increase in the surface area of the nanorods.

In the IFMIF-DONES facility of the future, the back-plate behind the Li target will receive strong irradiation from high-energy neutrons. The potential use of the back-plate for material specimens is attractive with respect to providing complementary irradiation data for Eurofer. In this work, DPA (displacement per atom) and gas production rates as well as DPA gradients and temperature distributions have been studied for the center segment of the back-plate, using both a nominal beam and a reduced beam footprint. It is shown that specimens can be produced with high DPA in similar conditions to the DEMO first-wall. Based on the size of the SSTT (small specimen test technology) specimens, the limited number of samples obtainable from the adopted arrangement scheme is driven by a major constraint: the thickness of the back-plate. A parametric study of the back-plate’s thickness provides an alternative arrangement scheme; thus, the DPA and gradient of the specimens are remarkably improved.

An offset of roller cone rotation centerlines is used to increase the mechanical penetration rate while drilling in soft rocks. This enables increasing the area of a cutting structure teeth contact with a bottom hole. The analysis of offset cone drill bit (cutting structure) teeth wear showed that particularly significant wear is characteristic of the transition zone from the heel cone to the nose cone; which leads to significant reduction in the mechanical rate of penetration and a rapid decrease in the hole diameter. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a theoretical research on the nature and conditions of interaction between heel and peripheral nose cones of offset roller cone bits with a bottom hole; which is aimed at improving the efficiency of rock cutting by offset roller cone bits. To achieve the purpose; the authors analyzed data on the nature and causes of wear of existing offset roller cone bit cutting structure (teeth); developed a mathematical model in a cylindrical coordinate system allowing to determine the location and geometric parameters of the gage cone contact area with the hole wall for different roller cone bits sizes; developed a computer solid model for checking the adequacy of the mathematical model by comparing these two models; prepared recommendations for further improvement of the design of existing offset roller cone bit cutting structure (teeth). The research was carried out by the method of mathematical simulation of geometric figures and bodies corresponding to roller cones and a hole. The research has revealed that significant adjustments need to be made to the geometry of the roller cone teeth (currently being patented). This would allow decreasing the areas of cone heel blunting by 15–20 % as well as providing more prolonged contact of base and gage cones with bottom hole and wall surfaces. This allows to reduce wear of teeth in the transition zone of the generatrix from the peripheral nose cone to the gage (heel) cone of the roller cone and to maintain the required specific pressure on the cut rock for a longer period of time and; as a result; to increase both the mechanical penetration rate and the service life of the drilling tools.

The objects of the study are extractants and optimal extraction conditions that contribute to the full release of the substances being determined: the concentration and volume of the extractant, the extraction time and temperature regime. This work includes the technology of sample preparation for determining the fatty acid composition of milk with a fat mass fraction of more than 3 %, which is centrifuged for 10 minutes at 10000 rpm, 20 µl of oil is taken from the centrifuged laboratory sample into a test tube from the upper part, then dissolved in 2 cm3 of organic solvent (hexane), then mixed manually for 1-2 minutes, 100 ml of sodium methylate solution of 2 molar concentration is added to the resulting solution with a pipette and the tube is closed with a stopper, then intensively mixed manually for 2 minutes, insist for 5 minutesand filter through a paper filter the top layer containing methyl esters, the resulting solution will be ready for examination by gas chromatography. The proposed new approach to technology development reduces the sample preparation time (~19 min), reduces the amount of solvent consumed by more than 10 times, minimizes the number of actions when working with samples, and requires a minimum amount of equipment.

The decommissioning of a nuclear power plant generates a large amount of radioactive waste that requires significant disposal costs. Consequently, it is an important factor in assessing decommissioning costs. The most effective approach to minimizing decommissioning waste is rapid classification based on radioactivity levels. However, some nuclear sites do not have their own radiochemical analysis laboratory. Even in Korea, the analysis process does not' occur at the decommissioning site but rather at an external analysis institution to ascertain concentrations. This analysis procedure is time‐consuming and may result in cross‐contamination among radioactive wastes. Therefore, rapid analysis of decommissioning waste can reduce the amount of radioactive waste disposal and ultimately improve the economics. To address these issues, research is ongoing to develop a mobile radiochemistry laboratory. This study evaluated the radiological effects on workers as a basis for the application of mobile facilities on‐site. Worker exposure doses were assessed using computational code, considering the analysis workload in single and continuous processes under both normal and abnormal operations. The preliminary evaluation results from this prestudy confirm regulatory dose limits, and it is anticipated that future studies can be augmented with field data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the drivers of economic growth in a difficult epidemiological situation. The problems of economic activity during this period are identified. It was revealed that cloud technologies, digital platforms and blockchain technologies can act as the main drivers of the growth of the pandemic economy. A comparative analysis of the level of development of digitalization processes in the Russian economy in comparison with other countries is presented. The main problems and threats to the development of the digitalization process in Russia are noted. It has been established that the digital economy in Russia is in its infancy – the main direction is the acquisition of equipment (computer and communication technology). Despite the measures taken by the state to launch digitalization processes in the domestic economy, Russian companies lag far behind foreign competitors in terms of the degree of implementation and use of digital technologies in their activities. In the current situation, it is necessary to continue state support for such areas as import substitution, the export of domestic digital products, and the creation of equal operating conditions for all IT companies.

Materials of a single-layer site of the late Bronze Age Balakino I are published in the paper. The collection of the finds comprises 7883 items. Of these, 6398 are fragments of ceramics (about 300 vessels) and 1389 are stone products. The ceramic complex is represented by vessels of the Cherkaskul–Mezhovka (predominate) and Koptyaki types. Among the stone items, the most expressive ones are arrowheads, Balakino type scrapers and beaters. The arrowheads were treated with flat pressing retouching and made in the form of regular wide triangles with a flat or slightly concave base. The Balakino type of scrapers are widely known at the sites of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages. A special feature of the complex of stone products is the presence of 24 massive beaters, nine of which were found in the hoard. The presence of a large number of beaters at the site suggests its connection with the extraction and crushing of ore.

In this paper, we consider the reasons behind the attribution of microlitic complexes of the Koksharovsky Hill and the Vtoroy Poselok I site to the late Neolithic. Statistical and typological characteristics of microlitic complexes of these sites fully conform to materials of the Mesolithic sites in the Middle Trans-Urals. The identification of chronological complexes of stone inventory in materials of mixed sites should be made after the full publication of the entire assemblage of stone artefacts. The comparison of the presented materials with the Neolithic sites of the Middle Trans-Urals shows the absence in the local late Neolithic of complexes with such set of stone tools — first of all, a large number of cutters and carvers, as well as burins on straight retouched truncation and geometric microlites. But it is precisely carvers, burins (especially the ones on straight retouched truncation) and geometric microlithes that appear as characteristic products of the Mesolithic period. The dating of the microlitic complexes of the Vtoroy Poselok I site and the Koksharovsky Hill to the late Neolithic contradicts the early profile of the stone assemblage. We deny the definition of the Vtoroy Poselok I site as a single-layer site. Specific features of soil formation in the territory of the Middle Trans-Urals resulted in that the cultural remains of all periods from the Mesolithic to the Middle Ages are deposited within the soil layer of only 30–40 cm in thickness. Around the flow-through lakes all areas favorable for economic activities were inhabited repeatedly and in different archaeological epochs. In such particular sites, the objective prerequisites for the mechanical displacement of materials were created. Therefore, all complexes located in such places are mixed. The numerical ratio of the complexes of ce-ramics and stone products and the size of the dwelling in the Vtoroy Poselok I site is also inconsistent with the materials of the Neolithic sites of the Middle Trans-Urals. Given the mixed nature of materials of the Koksharovsky Hill and the Vtoroy Poselok I, the microlitic complex of artefacts present in both sites may indicate the presence of a significant Mesolithic admixture in them.

The aim of the work was to develop criteria for the severity of ischemic cerebral stroke (ICS) and the use of personalized intensive therapy (IT) technologies in the acute and acute periods of the disease. The clinical study included 108 patients with IMI (mean age 73,47±0,48 years). Based on the severity of energy structural disorders and personalized IT methods, all patients were divided into 4 groups. The first group consisted of patients with eubiotic energy structural status (ESST), who received personalized IT with homeostasis technologies. The following three groups consisted of patients with hypoergic ESST disorders: hypoergic dysfunction, in which energy protection was used, hypoergic damage, in which energy resuscitation was used, and hypoergic insufficiency, in which energy-correction technologies of personalized IT were used. Conclusions. 1. The conducted clinical study made it possible to develop additional technologies of personalized IT, which were used depending on the severity of energy-structural disorders in patients with ICS. • The use of personalized IT technologies in patients with eubiotic and hypoergic ESST made it possible to reduce mortality, the number of complications and the time spent in intensive therapy units for patients with ICS. • Traditional standard IT does not allow to prevent the development of the late form of multiple organ failure syndrome in patients with ICS.

The article examines modern ideas about the nature of pedagogical activity, providing a critical analysis of the state of practice and scientific research on the problems of pedagogical education and reconstructing a set of methodological ideas, concepts and schemes related to ideas about the content and forms of pedagogical education. The authors present approaches to solving such problems as the modern understanding of the essence of pedagogical activity and the trends of its transformation in connection with the changed educational space, new functions of the teacher in the digital educational environment; crisis phenomena in pedagogical education and ways to overcome them. In this vein, the authors consider the concept of pedagogical education, substantiating its goals, content options and psychological mechanisms for mastering pedagogical activity. The proposed model of the process of professional socialization of teachers reveals the content, technologies and criteria for their effective professional training, dialectics of psychological, pedagogical and subject components in the structure of professional competence. Consideration is also given to the environment of a pedagogical university as a source of development of pedagogical experience and personal and professional qualities of teachers. The article may be of interest to researchers and organizers in the field of pedagogical education.

Purpose of the study. Create a methodology for systemic audit of ischemic stroke (IS) in the most acute and acute periods of the disease. Materials and methods. The clinical study included 328 patients with IS (mean age 71,26 ± 0,44 years), who were in the intensive care unit of the neurology department in the most acute and acute periods of the disease. There were 147 men (mean age 69,80 ± 0,66 years), women 181 (mean age 72,45 ± 0,58 years). According to the intensity of ESST disorders, assistive technologies of personalized intensive therapy (IT) were developed, such as homeostasisprovision for eubiotic state, energy-protection for hypoergic dysfunction, energy-resuscitation for hypoergic damage, energy-correction for hypoergic insufficiency, status-protection for hyperergic dysfunction, status-resuscitation for hyperergic damage, status-correction for hyperergic insufficiency. Results. The main parameters of energystructural status (ESST), which characterize the stabilization of the general condition of patients in the most acute and acute periods of IMI, such as cardiac index (CI) in the range of 2,99–3,79 L×min-1 × m-2, oxygen delivery (DO ) at the level of 415–514 ml × min-1 × m-2; oxygen consumption (VO2) in the range of 130–160 ml × min-1 × m-2; basal metabolism (BM) in the range of 916–1134 kcal × day-1 × m-2 and specific peripheral vascular resistance (SPVR) in the range of 29–36 conditional unit. Conclusion. The conducted clinical research allowed to develop assistive technologies of personalized IT, which were used depending on the severity of energy-structural disorders in patients with IS. The use of personalized IT technologies, in accordance with the intensity of ESST recovery, has reduced mortality, the number of complications and the length of stay of patients with IS in the intensive care units of the neurology department.

Agrogels, a hydrogel applied in the soil that collects water during irrigation or rainfall and distributes moisture to plant roots during drought, are a solution to water shortage concerns. Extending the release of low molecular weight chemicals has the potential to minimise mineral fertiliser losses as well as water and soil pollution. Thus, the aim of the research is to obtain chitosan from insect chitin, to synthesize a hydrogel based on chitosan with included mineral and organic fertilisers, and to report on experiments with agrogels in the field. In this study, chitosan was obtained from the adult beetles Zophobas morio. IR spectroscopy was used to examine chitosan. The existence of absorption lines typical of primary amines was demonstrated. In one step, a technique for the manufacture of chitosan-based hydrogels containing embedded mineral fertilisers was established. Hydrogel has a swelling coefficient of 60 g/g. Agrogels were evaluated while planting spruce seedlings on “Semei Ormany” LLP experimental locations. The survival rate of seedlings was found to be 40% higher in the experimental group than in the control group.