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Sex pheromone-associated behavior of two tortricid moths in New Zealand, Planotortrix notophaea and P. octo , was studied in a laboratory. Most males of both species changed their antennal posture responding to the change from light to dark phase. Three antennal postures in both sexes were designated by dorsal view: antennae in resting position, those extended less than 80° from body axis, and those extended more than 80° from the body axis. In P. notophaea , antennal posture of males appeared as an external indicator representing the physiological readiness for pheromone perception; males with antennae extended more than 80° from the body axis responded better than those in resting position. Bioassays with medicine droppers indicated that threshold concentrations for male response to crude female pheromone extract were 3 × 10 −3 female equivalents (FE) and 3 × 10 −7 FE in P. notophaea and P. octo , respectively. In P. octo , threshold concentrations for male response to known pheromone compounds, (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate and tetradecyl acetate, were 10 fg and 100 fg, respectively. Female calling appeared continuous rather than being pulsed. In P. notophaea , stronger male responses were elicited toward females with antennae extended more than 80° from the body axis than those in resting position.

This paper presents a method to analyze radial force densities acting on each stator tooth of an induction motor with skewed slots. A two-dimensional finite element method is used for electromagnetic field analysis of an induction motor, and skew effects are considered by coupling several disks cut by planes perpendicular to the shaft. Radial force densities as a source of vibration are calculated along the surface elements of each stator tooth and its time harmonics are examined by discrete Fourier decomposition.

The optimization of the design variables of a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM) using the finite-element method (FEM) and the sequential unconstrained minimization technique (SUMT) is presented. Thrust is taken as an objective function in order to maximize thrust under a constant current drive, and seven independent design variables and nine constraints are chosen. As a result, pole pitch/airgap and pole pitch/aluminum depth for the best design are determined. Thrust is increased by 30% under a constant current of 12 A, so that the input current can be reduced to 10.5 A for necessary starting thrust because thrust is proportional to I/sup 2/. >

The predictive power of past returns for January reversal is compared with that of the nearness of current prices to the 52-week high. When compared jointly, past returns lose their forecasting power for January returns and the nearness of current prices to the 52-week high assumes the dominant role in explaining the January reversal. This suggests that tax-loss selling is not the primary factor explaining the January effect. A behavioral explanation consistent with the window-dressing argument is proposed in that the 52-week high acts as an “anchor,” a highly visible reference price to fund holders, increasing fund managers’ incentives to window-dress by temporarily adding (removing) stocks that are perceived by fund holders as good (bad) investments, based on the nearness of these stocks’ current prices to the 52-week high.

Attracting ferromagnetic forces between magnet and reaction rail provide the supporting force in Electromagnetic Suspension. Miniature maglev using permanent magnets and electromagnets is based on the idea to generate the nominal magnetic force by permanent magnets and superimpose the variable magnetic field required for stabilization by currents flowing through control windings in electromagnets. Permanent magnets with a high energy density have lower power losses with regard to supporting force and magnet weight. So the advantage of the maglev using electromagnets and permanent magnets is partially reduced by the power required to feed the remaining onboard supply system so that the overall onboard power is diminished as compared to that of the electromagnet. In this paper we proposed the how to design and control the miniature maglev and confirmed the feasibility of the levitation system using electromagnets and permanent magnets through the manufacturing the miniature maglev.

A fully integrated HF multi-standard RFID transceiver for compact mobile terminals is proposed. Considerations for multi-standard are concerned in each part of the proposed transceiver and all of them are implemented as digitally-controlled components. A transmitter controls its modulation index with a mode selector and its emitting power to tags with a power controller, thus covering various standards and recognition ranges. A receiver has a compact size as it excludes capacitors. In a receiver, an ASK demodulator controls its reference level of modulation by switching a resistor, and an adaptable Schmitt trigger alters its hysteresis range by switching additional transistors. The proposed transceiver is implemented in a TSMC 0.18 um CMOS technology. Measurement results of the transceiver and communication test between a reader with the transceiver and tags verify abilities of the proposed transceiver for multi-standard.

An ultra compact CMOS transceiver for HF multi-standard RFID application is proposed. For supporting multi-standard, two structures are adopted in a transmitter: ASK modulator with various modulation indexes and power control circuit which can control the recognition range between the reader and the tag. A receiver consists of a half-wave rectifier, an ASK demodulator using a supply-independent biasing circuit, and an adjustable Schmitt trigger. The designed transceiver is fabricated using TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS process. Through the simulation, the designed transceiver system can be operated in multiple standard conditions.

This paper describes a dual-mode DC-DC buck converter using a low power control method for mobile devices. Under a light load condition, the proposed converter within a PFM mode utilizes multiple steps of the state machine to control the load sensing circuit and enhances the efficiency of the PFM mode. The measurement results demonstrate the peak efficiency of 93% and 92.3% on PWM mode and PFM mode, respectively.

The root of Panax notoginseng is highly valued and commonly used in Oriental medicine. Although recent experimental data have revealed the proapoptotic potency of P. notoginseng extracts, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this apoptotic activity have not yet been studied in detail. In the present study, the effects of the water extract of P. notoginseng (WEPN) on the growth of human lung carcinoma cells were investigated. It was found that the exposure of A549 and NIC-H460 cells to WEPN resulted in growth inhibition and the induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The WEPN treatment induced the upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which was associated with the proteolytic activation of caspases and the concomitant degradation of poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein. However, the caspase-3-specific inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk blocked PARP degradation and increased the survival rate of WEPN-treated cells. Moreover, the activity of Akt was downregulated in WEPN-treated cells and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor LY294002 sensitized the cells to WEPN-induced apoptosis through enhancing the activation of caspase-3 and loss of MMP. The results indicated that the major regulators of WEPN-induced apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cells are the Bcl-2 family and caspase-3, which are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and dephosphorylation of the Akt signaling pathway.

Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zucc. is the major green canopy species in the mountainous area of Korea. To assess the response of resin acid biosynthetic genes to mechanical and chemical stimuli, we cloned cDNAs of genes encoding enzymes involved in the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway (1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (PdDXS), 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (PdDXR) and 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase (PdHDR)) by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. In addition, we cloned the gene encoding abietadiene synthase (PdABS) as a marker for the site of pine resin biosynthesis. PdHDR and PdDXS occurred as two gene families. In the phylogenetic trees, PdDXSs, PdDXR and PdHDRs each formed a separate clade from their respective angiosperm homologs. PdDXS2, PdHDR2 and PdDXR were most actively transcribed in stem wood, whereas PdABS was specifically transcribed. The abundance of PdDXS2 transcripts in wood in the resting state was generally 50-fold higher than the abundance of PdDXS1 transcripts, and PdHDR2 transcripts were more abundant by an order of magnitude in wood than in other tissues, with the ratio of PdHDR2 to PdHDR1 transcripts in wood being about 1. Application of 1 mM methyl jasmonate (MeJA) selectively enhanced the transcript levels of PdDXS2 and PdHDR2 in wood. The ratios of PdDXS2 to PdDXS1 and PdHDR2 to PdHDR1 reached 900 and 20, respectively, on the second day after MeJA treatment, whereas the transcript level of PdABS increased twofold by 3 days after MeJA treatment. Wounding of the stem differentially enhanced the transcript ratios of PdDXS2 to PdDXS1 and PdHDR2 to PdHDR1 to 300 and 70, respectively. The increase in the transcript levels of the MEP pathway genes in response to wounding was accompanied by two orders of magnitude increase in PdABS transcripts. These observations indicated that resin acid biosynthesis activity, represented by PdABS transcription, was correlated with the selective transcriptions of PdDXS2 and PdHDR2. Introduction of PdDXS2, PdHDR1 and PdHDR2 rescued their respective knockout Escherichia coli mutants, confirming that at least these three genes were functionally active. Intracellular targeting of the green fluorescent protein fused to the N-terminal 100 amino acid residues of these genes in the Arabidopsis transient expression system showed that the proteins were all targeted to the chloroplasts. Our results suggest that the MEP pathway regulates resin biosynthesis in the wood of P. densiflora by differential transcription of the multiple PdDXS and PdHDR genes.

We investigate whether persistent macroeconomic variables can be reliably shown to predict momentum profits. We find that when predictor variables are persistent and the predictive relationship is estimated over a period that overlaps the momentum portfolio formation period, predicted returns will be positively correlated with past returns. This occurs even when returns are constructed to be serially uncorrelated and independent of the predictors. This means there will be a positive predicted return to momentum portfolios and the macroeconomic variables will appear to explain momentum profits, even when stock returns are unrelated to the macroeconomic variables. We show that the apparent ability of the business-cycle model in Chordia and Shivakumar (2002) to explain intermediate-term momentum profits comes from this effect, which we term a relative spurious regression bias. We demonstrate that results similar to those of Chordia and Shivakumar obtain when we replace their macroeconomic variables with random variables constructed to be persistent but independent of stock returns. Once the parameter estimation period is chosen to be prior to the portfolio formation period, the predictive power of the macroeconomic variables disappears and momentum is no longer explained by the business cycle model.

In this paper, single-sided linear induction motors (LIM) for magnetically levitated vehicle (MAGLEV) are analyzed according to the secondary structure. The secondary structure is redesigned to improve the performance of the MAGLEV. Finite element method is used in order to calculate thrust, normal force and electrical performance of the LIMs.

The objective of this paper is to propose a two phase reverse neural network (NN) model to predict sequential human bio signal data for decreasing the risk of acute and likely fatal diseases and syndromes in patients (e.g., COPD and hypertension) based on a simulated learning algorithm. Our approach uses a two phase sequential neural network with back-propagation learning. The modeling is done using time-varying inputs such as heart rate, SpO_2, and blood pressure as measured and communicated by wireless devices. The output of the prediction system results into distinct classification levels for patient?s condition through sequential points. Such a prediction facilitates an early detection of exacerbating risk factors thereby saving a sudden death and other high risk diseases. The system is plausible to be used for the prevention and management of high risk diseases.

A new method for the optimal design of a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM) is presented. The method utilizes the neural network and finite element method for optimizing the design parameters of SLIM. The finite element analysis is used to produce a variety of neural network training data and the neural network is used for optimizing the design parameters by sequential unconstrained minimization technique. As a result, it is shown that the novel method is very efficient and accurate as an optimization technique.

This paper analyzes static characteristics of permanent magnet type stepping motors with claw poles using three-dimensional finite element method. The outer diameter of the stepping motor to be analyzed is approximately 6 mm. In this paper we analyze only 2 poles of the stepping motor which has 10 magnetic poles made up of Nd-Fe-B material, using periodic boundary condition. The shape of the claw-pole makes a severe influence on the performance of the motor, so that we examine the characteristics according to the shape change of the claw-poles. Therefore we clarify static torque characteristics by changing the shape of claw-poles. As a result, we present an optimal shape of the claw-pole which allows the holding torque to be maximized.

In the vector control of a linear induction motor (LIM), it is difficult to calculate air gap field vector exactly because of end effects of LIM. So, this paper shows the longitudinal end effect and the transverse edge effect of LIM by experiment and determines the position of the sensor for detecting the air gap field vector. The direct vector control scheme is utilized to control the speed of LIM. As a result, simulation values by finite element analysis and experimental values of direct vector control using DSP are compared, and investigated.

Vorwort 1. Einfuhrung in die Problematik 2. Thomas und Sprachphilosophie 3. Die sprachphilosophischen Grundbegriffe bei Thomas von Aquin 4. Verdeutlichung der thomasischen Sprachphilosophie and exemplarischen Texten 5. Sprachphilosophie und die Benennungen Gottes 6. Schlussbemerkung Register

The harmonics in electromagnetic force are a source of mechanical vibration and audible noise in an asynchronous traction motor. This paper describes an approach to reduce the force harmonics by changing the rotor slot number. Both the radial and tangential forces acting on the stator teeth are calculated by Maxwell stress tensor and their time harmonics are examined by the discrete Fourier decomposition. As a result, the optimal slot number of the rotor to reduce or eliminate the specific force harmonics is determined.

The analysis of the thin lamination model of the amorphous transformer by FEM requires many region division and much calculating time, and it has difficulty in calculating for mordern computer. A new method which is simulated by a solid but anisotropic block with the magnetic permeabilities in the orthogonal dimensions selected to account for the presence of the laminations.[1] Based on this equivalent anisotropic block model, we have analyze the iron loss of the amorphous transformer by FEM.

A new optimization technique using neural network is presented in the design of single–sided linear induction motor (SLIM) for subway trains. In this method a classical optimization technique such as sequential unconstrained minimization technique (SUMT) combined with a trained neural network which predicts the various characteristics of SLIM in the solution procedure of SUMT, is used.

In the moving secondary type linear induction motor(LIM), because the secondary don't get continual thrust, it is difficult to analyze the dynamic characteristics. So we have resolved this problem by using the neural network.

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) is a chronic inflammatory reaction of the lungs resulting from the aspiration of vegetable, animal or mineral oils. Squalene, is a derivative of shark liver oil that is taken as a traditional remedy in some Asian countries, and is used widely also in cosmetics. Similar to the symptoms in most cases of oil aspiration, the symptoms of squalene-induced lipoid pneumonia are either absent or nonspecific. Hence, the disease is generally detected incidentally. Although many cases with predisposing factors have been reported, ELP with achalasia is quite rare. We report a 47-year old woman with achalasia who developed ELP after ingesting squalene. The patient was treated successfully by supportive care and surgical treatment of the achalasia.

Acinar cell carcinoma is a rare tumor that represents 1~2% of all pancreatic cancers. Clinical and radiologic findings are inconclusive in this disease. Acinar cell carcinoma is characterized by rapid progression and early metastasis, which lead to its poor prognosis. A 41-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed a splenic mass, which was being invaded by a pancreatic tail mass and which had increased -fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. Primary radical distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed. Pathologic findings revealed an acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. The patient underwent a total gastrectomy three months later because of gastric recurrence. Four months later, multiple hepatic metastases were discovered, and the patient underwent a left hepatectomy. During treatment with capecitabine, there was no evidence of tumor progression for 14 months. We report a case of metastatic pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma, which did not progress for an extended period while the patient was being treated with capecitabine.

Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a very rare malignancy, and little is known concerning its pathogenesis, optimal treatment, and prognosis. A 29-year-old pregnant woman (21 weeks) presented with abdominal discomfort. CA 19-9, CA 125, and CEA were normal. Abdominal CT scanning revealed a retroperitoneal tumor. Exploratory laparotomy and tumor excision were performed. Mucinous retroperitoneal implants were removed as completely as possible. Histologically, the tumor showed focal areas of capsular invasion, but free resection margins. The uterus and both ovaries were normal in appearance. No adjuvant therapy was pursued. Six months later, peritoneal and bilateral ovarian metastases were discovered. Hence, we report the details of this case of primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and present a review of the literature.