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When soybean seeds encounter low temperature during germination, the vigor and germination of soybean seeds are affected, which leads to a lack of seedlings and weak seedlings, resulting in yield reduction. In-depth analysis of the genetic mechanism of soybean seed germination tolerance to low-temperature stress and the cultivation ofsoybean-tolerant varieties is the key to resisting low-temperature stress at the germination stage. In the present study, a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) population constructed by wild soybean ZYD00006 and cultivated soybean SN14 was used to map three QTLs. Five candidate genes were obtained by gene annotation, GO enrichment analysis and protein function prediction. The candidate genes were subjected to bioinformatics analysis, qRT-PCR analysis, trypsin activity analysis and soluble protein content analysis. The results showed that the secondary and tertiary structures of the Glyma.09G162700proteins were mutated. Within 0to 72 h, the expression of Glyma.09G162700 in the two materials with different toleranceswas consistent, and the change intrypsin activity was consistent with the change in protein expression. Through haplotype analysis, Glyma.09G162700 produced two haplotypes at -2420 bp. The germination rate (GR) and relative germination rate (RGR) of the two haplotypes were significantly different, indicating that the two haplotypes have wide applicability in soybean resources. In summary, Glyma.09G162700 may be a candidate gene for low-temperature tolerance at the germination stage of soybean. These results provide an important theoretical basis and marker information for analyzing the mechanism of low-temperature tolerance in soybean germination stage and cultivating low-temperature tolerant varieties.

Unlike traditional optical components, which rely on the gradual accumulation of light along the optical path over a distance much larger than the wavelength to form a wavefront, metasurfaces manipulate light field properties on the wavelength thickness by specially arranging various meta-atoms. Due to the ease of integration and compact planar structure, metasurfaces play a key role in the light field manipulations. Here, we review the recent advances of metasurfaces in multi-dimensions, including light wavelength, polarization, orbital angular momentum(OAM), and angular response. Progress in these fields has brought new applications in areas such as imaging, display, communication, and information encryption, etc. Finally, we also discuss the challenges and prospects of metasurfaces applications.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fatal heterogeneous hematologic malignancy. There is an urgent need to identify potential biomarkers to better classify sufferers with bad outcomes that might need more advanced treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate prognostic indicators that predict the outcome of sufferers with AML. The datasets of AML sufferers including mRNA sequencing data and clinical information were acquired from GEO datasets (GSE38865) and TCGA datasets. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analysis to screen genes correlated to survival. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses biological process analysis were utilized in verifying the function of various genes. Sufferers with elevated MCM5 level exhibited a worse prognosis, according to the survival analysis. It was indicated through multivariate and univariate analysis that MCM5 level was an independent adverse prognostic element for over survival in AML sufferers based on GEO and TCGA datasets. Meanwhile, MCM5 level in AML samples was higher than in normal samples. Additionally, it was indicated through PPI network and functional enrichment analyses that through accelerating cell cycle and DNA replication, MCM5 promoted AML progression. In conclusions, MCM5 level was an independent poor prognostic element in AML sufferers based on GEO and TCGA datasets. This is the first time that MCM5 is reported to be a biomarker of poor prognosis in AML.

Wild loquats (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) provide remarkable genetic resources for studying domestication and breeding improved varieties. Herein, we generate the first high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of wild loquat, with 45 791 predicted protein-coding genes. Analysis of comparative genomics indicated that loquat shares a common ancestor with apple and pear, and a recent whole-genome duplication event occurred in loquat prior to its divergence. Genome resequencing showed that the loquat germplasms can be distinctly classified into wild and cultivated groups, and the commercial cultivars have experienced allelic admixture. Compared with cultivated loquats, the wild loquat genome showed very few selected genomic regions and had higher levels of genetic diversity. However, whole-genome scans of selective sweeps were mainly related to fruit quality, size, and flesh color during the domestication process. Large-scale transcriptome and metabolome analyses were further performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in wild and cultivated loquats at various fruit development stages. Unlike those in wild loquat, the key DEGs and DAMs involved in carbohydrate metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis were significantly regulated in cultivated loquats during fruit development. These high-quality reference genome, resequencing, and large-scale transcriptome/metabolome data provide valuable resources for elucidating fruit domestication and molecular breeding in loquat.

As a result of antibiotic overuse, bacterial antibiotic resistance has become a severe threat to worldwide public health. The development of more effective antimicrobial therapies and alternative antibiotic strategies is urgently required. The role played by bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) in antibiotic resistance has become a current focus of research. BMVs are nanoparticles derived from the membrane components of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and contain diverse components originating from the cell envelope and cytoplasm. Antibiotic stress stimulates the secretion of BMVs. BMVs promote and mediate antibiotic resistance by multiple mechanisms. BMVs have been investigated as conceptually new antibiotics and drug-delivery vehicles. In this article, we outline the research related to BMVs and antibiotic resistance as a reference for the intentional use of BMVs to combat antibiotic resistance.

The Danjiangkou hydropower station is a water source project for the middle line of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China. The dam is composed of riverbed concrete dam and earth rock dam on both banks, with a total length of 3442 m. Once the dam is wrecked, it will yield disastrous consequences. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the dam safety behavior in time. Based on the long-term and short-term memory (LSTM) network, the deformation prediction models of the embankment dam of the Danjiangkou hydropower station are constructed. The models contain two LSTM layers, adopt the rectified linear unit function as the activation function and determine the super parameters of the models with Bayesian optimization algorithm. According to the settlement monitoring data of LD12ZT01 measuring point (dam crest 0 + 648) on the left bank of the embankment dam of the Danjiangkou hydropower station from July 2013 to March 2022, the LSTM and bidirectional LSTM models are constructed. In total, 80% of the monitoring data are taken as the training set data and 20% of the monitoring data are taken as the test set data. The mean absolute error, root mean square error and mean square error for the test set are 0.42978, 0.56456 and 0.31873 for partial least squares regression (PLSR), 0.35264, 0.47561 and 0.22621 for LSTM and 0.34418, 0.45400 and 0.20612 for bidirectional LSTM, respectively. The results show that the bidirectional LSTM model can obtain better deformation prediction value than the LSTM model and the PLSR. Then, the bidirectional LSTM model is used to predict the settlement value of LD16YT01 measuring point (dam crest 0 + 658) on the right bank, and the mean absolute error, root mean square error and mean square error for the test set are 0.5425, 0.66971 and 0.4520, respectively. This shows the bidirectional LSTM model can effectively predict the settlement value of the embankment dam of the Danjiangkou hydropower station.

Resources and environment are two crucial (key) elements for the sustainable development of human society. This paper aims to explore a new glass-ceramic system for the development of high-level radioactive solid-waste vitrification technology, clarify the function of multielemental radionuclides (heterogeneous ion) on the structural and chemical durability characteristics. By changing the crystallization temperature and crystallization time, the heat treatment system of the zirconolite-based glass ceramic waste form was optimized; the K value method was used to obtain the quantitative analysis of the crystal phase; CeO2 was used as a simulated nuclide to explore the effect of CeO2 doping on the phase. The influence of composition, and the valence distribution of cerium in the glass ceramics was analyzed by XPS. The results show that the nucleation temperature is 810 °C for 2 h, and then the crystallization temperature is 950 or 1000 °C for 2 h, the glass ceramics containing only the 2M zirconolite and residual glass. CeO2 doping will lead to the increase of the lattice constant. The ratio of Ce4+ to Ce3+ in the waste form with different CeO2 content is maintained at 6:4. The normalized leaching rate of the sample with the highest doping content is 5.949 × 10−6 g·m−2·d −1.

In this study, we consider a resource recovery planning problem under a public–private partnership. The local authority's problem is to determine the waste sorting scheme, and also a cost‐sharing budget, to minimize her expected payout, subject to a requirement of economic feasibility of the private operator. Given the budget and sorting scheme, the private operator's problem is to site and operate resource recovery facilities, and his goal is to maximize his expected total profits. A salient feature of the problem is that the feedstock condition (composition and volume) is uncertain, but can be influenced by the sorting‐at‐source scheme implemented. This feature drives the interactions of the public and private partners. We develop a bilevel resource recovery planning model in the framework of distributionally robust optimization, where a decision‐dependent ambiguity set is defined to model the influence of sorting schemes on the feedstock uncertainty. We perform the model analysis on the cost‐share ratio, which suggests the importance of sorting investment in achieving the sustainable resource recovery. Computationally, we show that the solutions of the bilevel problem can be obtained by solving one instance of a mixed‐integer linear program that does not induce any additional integer variable. Our proposed optimization framework provides a useful decision‐analysis tool for effectively utilizing and balancing the instruments of sorting and facility installation investments for resource recovery planning under feedstock ambiguity. For instance, the computational experiments with partial real data in the Singapore context justify several important insights: (i) the suitable sorting scheme implementation serves as a cost‐effective instrument that could significantly enhance the utility of the cost sharing; (ii) the sorting dependency of feedstock condition is critical in affecting the private operator's recovery performance; and (iii) the robust planning is effective in hedging against ambiguously poor feedstock condition. These findings should deserve attentions of both public and private sectors in current waste management practice.

The cultivation of high-level agricultural personnels is a key issue to solve the problems concerning “agriculture, rural regions and rural labors” and to guarantee the development of agricultural economy. The paper, with reference to the agricultural education of Japan, analysises the top six problems facing the cultivation of agricultural personnels at present stage in China, and puts forward nine countermeasures to deal with them.

Most mammalian cells couple glucose availability to anabolic processes via the mTORC1 pathway. However, the mechanism by which fluctuations in glucose availability are rapidly translated into mTORC1 signals remains elusive. Here, we show that cells rapidly respond to changes in glucose availability through the spatial coupling of mTORC1 and tetramers of the key glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) on lysosomal surfaces in the late G1/S phases. The lysosomal localization of PKM2 tetramers enables rapid increases in local ATP concentrations around lysosomes to activate mTORC1, while bypassing the need to elevate global ATP levels in the entire cell. In essence, this spatial coupling establishes a feedforward loop to enable mTORC1 to rapidly sense and respond to changes in glucose availability. We further demonstrate that this mechanism ensures robust cell proliferation upon fluctuating glucose availability. Thus, we present mechanistic insights into the rapid response of the mTORC1 pathway to changes in glucose availability. The underlying mechanism may be applicable to the control of other cellular processes.

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is an evergreen fruit tree of Chinese origin, and its autumn–winter flowering and fruiting growth habit means that its fruit development is susceptible to low-temperature stress. In a previous study, the triploid loquat (B431 × GZ23) has been identified with high photosynthetic efficiency and strong resistance under low-temperature stress. Analysis of transcriptomic and lipidomic data revealed that the fatty acid desaturase gene EjFAD8 was closely associated with low temperatures. Phenotypic observations and measurements of physiological indicators in Arabidopsis showed that overexpressing-EjFAD8 transgenic plants were significantly more tolerant to low temperatures compared to the wild-type. Heterologous overexpression of EjFAD8 enhanced some lipid metabolism genes in Arabidopsis, and the unsaturation of lipids was increased, especially for SQDG (16:0/18:1; 16:0/18:3), thereby improving the cold tolerance of transgenic lines. The expression of ICE-CBF-COR genes were further analyzed so that the relationship between fatty acid desaturase and the ICE-CBF-COR pathway can be clarified. These results revealed the important role of EjFAD8 under low-temperature stress in triploid loquat, the increase expression of FAD8 in loquat under low temperatures lead to desaturation of fatty acids. On the one hand, overexpression of EjFAD8 in Arabidopsis increased the expression of ICE-CBF-COR genes in response to low temperatures. On the other hand, upregulation of EjFAD8 at low temperatures increased fatty acid desaturation of SQDG to maintain the stability of photosynthesis under low temperatures. This study not only indicates that the EjFAD8 gene plays an important role in loquat under low temperatures, but also provides a theoretical basis for future molecular breeding of loquat for cold resistance.

In this paper, we numerically demonstrate a dual-wavelength chiral metasurface with the chirality only existing at two resonant wavelengths, making use of the excitation of two quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs). This chiral metasurface is constructed on the basis of photonic crystal slabs with square lattice of circular holes by introducing rectangular holes as perturbations. The two quasi-BICs supported by chiral metasurface are orthogonal to each other, thus the chirality at the two resonant wavelengths can be controlled independently by changing the geometry of the perturbations. Furthermore, a chirality-switchable metasurface is demonstrated taking advantage of the sensitivity of quasi-BICs to the variation of out-of-plane symmetry caused by changing refractive index of surroundings. The proposed chiral metasurface could find potential applications in nonlinear optics, sensing, imaging and near-to-eye displays.