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This Infographic is a product of BDMY project (https://www.bdmy.org.mx), that was produced with funds of the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies. The information in the infographic was reviewed and validated by a group of specialists in the taxon. CC-BY-NC-ND

SSP (simulation-based sampling protocol) is an R package that uses simulation of ecological data and dissimilarity-based multivariate standard error (MultSE) as an estimator of precision to evaluate the adequacy of different sampling efforts for studies that will test hypothesis using permutational multivariate analysis of variance. The procedure consists in simulating several extensive data matrixes that mimic some of the relevant ecological features of the community of interest using a pilot data set. For each simulated data, several sampling efforts are repeatedly executed and MultSE calculated. The mean value, 0.025 and 0.975 quantiles of MultSE for each sampling effort across all simulated data are then estimated and standardized regarding the lowest sampling effort. The optimal sampling effort is identified as that in which the increase in sampling effort do not improve the precision beyond a threshold value (e.g. 2.5 %). The performance of SSP was validated using real data, and in all examples the simulated data mimicked well the real data, allowing to evaluate the relationship MultSE – n beyond the sampling size of the pilot studies. SSP can be used to estimate sample size in a wide range of situations, ranging from simple (e.g. single site) to more complex (e.g. several sites for different habitats) experimental designs. The latter constitutes an important advantage, since it offers new possibilities for complex sampling designs, as it has been advised for multi-scale studies in ecology.

Lake and marine sediments are used to explore past changes in climate and environment. Inferences about the past rely on analyses of physical, chemical and biological indicators such as mineral composition, element chemistry, stable isotopes in carbonates and organic matter, biomarkers, remains of algae (e.g. diatoms) and higher plants (pollen and macrofossils), as well as those of invertebrates such as cladocerans, foraminiferans, ostracodes and molluscs. We used sedimented mollusc remains (gastropods and bivalves) and geochemical data to infer Late Holocene environmental conditions in four aquatic ecosystems (fresh, brackish, marine) in the Neotropics. Study sites included Lake Nahá (Chiapas, Mexico), coastal Ría Lagartos Lagoon (Yucatán, Mexico), islands Belmonte (São Pedro and São Paulo archipelago, Brazil), and coastal Ilha do Mel (Paranaguá, Brazil). Short sediment cores were collected from Lake Nahá (60 cm) and Ría Lagartos Lagoon (25 cm), whereas multiple coastal surface deposits were retrieved from the Brazilian island sites. Core depth-age relationships were established using 210Pb and 137Cs, whereas age determination for the island samples was accomplished by radiocarbon dating. Molluscs in the four records were identified to species level and enumerated. The freshwater gastropod community in Lake Nahá was sensitive to changes in water level and trophic state, whereas the malacological assemblages in the coastal lagoon record show they responded to climate events such as hurricanes and recent human impacts (e.g. highway construction). Vermetid snails from the islands are indicators of past sea level changes. This study revealed differential responses of mollusc communities to climate and environmental change across distinct aquatic ecosystems in the Neotropics, but nevertheless illustrates their potential as reliable paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental indicators. Poster presented at World Congress of Malacology 2022

A consultoria de gestão é o serviço profissional realizado por pessoas especialmente formadas e experientes para ajudar os gestores a identificar e resolver os problemas de gestão e operacionais das diversas instituições na sociedade. Este serviço profissional concentra-se na melhoria do desempenho de gestão, operacional e económico destas instituições. A gestão externa de consultoria tem como objetivo aconselhar os proprietários das empresas a melhorar a sua compreensão sobre o papel e a missão para aumentar a capacidade de sucesso e processo de gestão implementado de forma relevante. Para além da consultoria organizacional existe igualmente a consultoria funcional nas áreas de recursos humanos, finanças, marketing, vendas e produtividade. O objetivo geral do trabalho é determinar a importância do uso da consultoria de gestão como intervenção crucial no sucesso das empresas públicas, tendo como estudo de caso a empresa Colégio Diocesano de Nossa Senhora da Apresentação. São objetivos do presente trabalho, os seguintes: conhecer o papel dos consultores do nosso país e as etapas e os estágios de desenvolvimento de um processo de consultoria de gestão; verificar como funciona e o que é a consultoria de gestão em Portugal; analisar se os consultores podem ser denominados como os verdadeiros práticos da estratégia e quais os papéis por si assumidos nesse âmbito; identificar quais as práticas e “praxis” estratégicas mais importantes para o sucesso de um processo de consultoria de gestão nas empresas públicas; identificar a perceção do gestor de topo relativamente às etapas, objetivos, constrangimentos, bases de relacionamento e grau de satisfação no âmbito do setor de consultoria de gestão. Os nossos resultados demonstraram que os clientes enfatizaram a importância de perceber o consultor como alguém com habilidade profissional, e estas perceções interagem com o sentimento de parceria, compreensão e apoio mútuos, tornando-se uma ferramenta positiva para a criação de sucesso.

This Infographic is a product of BDMY project (https://www.bdmy.org.mx), that was produced with funds of the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies. The information in the infographic was reviewed and validated by a group of specialists in the taxon. CC-BY-NC-ND

This Infographic is a product of BDMY project (https://www.bdmy.org.mx), that was produced with funds of the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies. The information in the infographic was reviewed and validated by a group of specialists in the taxon. CC-BY-NC-ND

This Infographic is a product of BDMY project (https://www.bdmy.org.mx), that was produced with funds of the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies. The information in the infographic was reviewed and validated by a group of specialists in the taxon. CC-BY-NC-ND

This Infographic is a product of BDMY project (https://www.bdmy.org.mx), that was produced with funds of the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies. The information in the infographic was reviewed and validated by a group of specialists in the taxon. CC-BY-NC-ND

Introduction Idiopathic Transient Osteoporosis (ITO) is a rare entity that may occur during pregnancy, usually manifesting in the third trimester and is considered a diagnosis of exclusion. When present in the hip, it is usually characterized by joint pain, claudicating gait, and osteoporosis of the femoral head with preservation of the joint space. These early clinical and radiological signs may be confused with those of aseptic necrosis, infection, or bone tumors, making it important to exclude these differential diagnoses. Complete resolution of this condition is usually prolonged and may take anywhere from 6 months to 1 or 2 years. Case Report This article presents the case of a 48-year-old Caucasian pregnant woman who presented a non-traumatic left hip pain. After the exclusion of infectious and tumoral diseases, a diagnosis of a less probable transient idiopathic osteoporosis was suspected. Magnetic resonance imaging images after childbirth supported this diagnosis. She recovered clinically and imagiologically with no complications 2 years after delivery. Conclusion Rarely, hip pain during pregnancy can occur due to transient osteoporotic injuries in the proximal femur. It is more frequent during the third trimester and although it resolves spontaneously in the following months after childbirth, we should always be aware of these less likely diagnoses.

Sewer asset management gained momentum and importance in recent years due to economic considerations, since infrastructure maintenance and rehabilitation directly represent major investments. Because physical urban water infrastructure has life expectancies of up to 100 years or more, contemporary urban drainage systems are strongly influenced by historical decisions and implementations. The current decisions taken in sewer asset management will, therefore, have a long-lasting impact on the functionality and quality of future services provided by these networks. These decisions can be supported by different approaches ranging from various inspection techniques, deterioration models to assess the probability of failure or the technical service life, to sophisticated decision support systems crossing boundaries to other urban infrastructure. This paper presents the state of the art in sewer asset management in its manifold facets spanning a wide field of research and highlights existing research gaps while giving an outlook on future developments and research areas. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.

Family Aplysinidae Carter, 1875 Genus Aiolochroia Wiedenmayer, 1977, Published as part of Ugalde, Diana, Fernandez, Julio C. C., Gómez, Patricia, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele & Simões, Nuno, 2021, An update on the diversity of marine sponges in the southern Gulf of Mexico coral reefs, pp. 1-112 in Zootaxa 5031 (1) on page 86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5031.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5454380, {"references":["Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponge of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum, 28, 1 - 287, pls. 1 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 0348 - 5797 - 0"]}

Scopalina ruetzleri (Wiedenmayer, 1977) Tables 6, 7; Figs. 54A–C, 58I Synonymy and references: Ulosa ruetzleri Wiedenmayer (1977: 145); “ Ulosa ” ruetzleri, Dictyonella ruetzleri: see references compiled in Muricy et al. (2011: 92); Scopalina ruetzleri: Gómez (2007: 62), Hajdu et al. (2011: 124), Muricy et al. (2011: 92), Rützler et al. (2014: 74), and Pérez et al. (2017: 12). Type locality. The Bahamas. Material examined. CNPGG-2183, Cayo Arcas reef (20.19491°N, 91.95741°W), 8.7 m depth, coll. Diana Ugalde, 18 August 2018; CNPGG-2201, Cayo Arcas reef (20.19566°N, 91.95997°W), 9.3 m depth, coll. Diana Ugalde, 20 August 2018; CNPGG-2215, Cayo Arcas reef (20.19963°N, 91.96680°W), 4.1 m depth, coll. Diana Ugalde, 22 August 2018; CNPGG-2455, Madagascar reef (21.43933°N, 90.27813°W), 9.8 m depth, coll. Diana Ugalde, 06 March 2019. Distribution. Mexico (Gómez 2007; De la Cruz-Francisco & Bandala-Pérez 2016; current records), Bermuda, Bahamas, US (Florida), Cuba, other countries in the Caribbean Sea (Rützler et al. 2014); Brazil (Muricy et al. 2011). Remarks. Scopalina ruetzleri has been reported in the northern (Rützler et al. 2009) and the SGoM (Gómez 2007). Although we have only collected material from reefs (Cayo Arcas reef and Madagascar reef), this species is a common one along the coral reefs in the Campeche Bank: Triangulos reef, Obispo reef, Alacranes reef, and Cayo Arenas reef. Genus Svenzea Alvarez, van Soest & Rützler, 2002, Published as part of Ugalde, Diana, Fernandez, Julio C. C., Gómez, Patricia, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele & Simões, Nuno, 2021, An update on the diversity of marine sponges in the southern Gulf of Mexico coral reefs, pp. 1-112 in Zootaxa 5031 (1) on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5031.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5454380, {"references":["Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponge of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum, 28, 1 - 287, pls. 1 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 0348 - 5797 - 0","Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. D. S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. & Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Serie livros 46. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 300 pp.","Gomez, P. (2007) Inventario de las esponjas del Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano, con nuevos Registros de Especies (Porifera: Demospongiae). In: Jimenez-Hernandez, M. J.; Granados-Barba, A. & Ortiz-Lozano, L. (Eds.), Investigaciones Cientificas en el Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano. Universidad Autonoma de Campeche, Campeche, pp. 51 - 72.","Hajdu, E., Peixinho, S. & Fernandez, J. C. (2011) Esponjas marinhas da Bahia: guia de campo e laboratorio. Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 276 pp.","Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. & Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1","Perez, T., Diaz, M. C., Ruiz, C., Condor-Lujan, B., Klautau, M., Hajdu, E., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Zea, S., Pomponi, S. A., Thacker, R. W., Carteron, S., Tollu, G., Pouget-Cuvelier, A., Thelamon, P., Marechal, J. P., Thomas, O. P., Ereskovsky, A. V., Vacelet, J. & Boury-Esnault, N. (2017) How a collaborative integrated taxonomic effort has trained new spongiologists and improved knowledge of Martinique Island (French Antilles, eastern Caribbean Sea) marine biodiversity. PLoS ONE, 12, e 0173859. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0173859","De la Cruz-Francisco, V. & Bandala-Perez, A. E. (2016) Esponjas y Cnidarios (Hydrozoa y Anthozoa) del arrecife Oro Verde; cobertura bentonica y afinidad faunistica con sistemas arrecifales de Veracruz, Mexico. Occeanides, 31, 45 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.37543 / oceanides. v 31 i 2.185","Rutzler, K., Soest, R. W. M. Van & Piantoni, C. (2009) Sponges (Porifera) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D. L. & Camp, D. K. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota. Texas A & M Press, College Station, Texas, pp. 285 - 313.","Alvarez, B., van Soest, R. W. M. & Rutzler, K. (2002) Svenzea, a new genus of Dictyonellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) from tropical reef environments, with description of two new species. Contributions to Zoology, 71, 171 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 18759866 - 07104007"]}

Clathria (Thalysias) venosa (Alcolado, 1984) Tables 6, 7; Figs. 43A–H, 45J Synonymy and references: Microciona venosa Alcolado (1984: 6), Hooper (1996: 411), and Gómez (2014: 70); Clathria venosa, Hajdu et al. (2011: 136), Pérez et al. (2017: 11); Clathria (Thalysias) venosa: Hooper (1996: 411), Rützler et al. (2014: 62), and Gómez (2014: 70). Type locality. Caribbean, Cuba. Material examined. CNPGG-2404, Hornos reef (19.19083°N, 96.11777°W), 3 m depth, coll. Diana Ugalde, 27 August 2018; CNPGG-2410, Isla Verde reef (19.19844°N, 96.06863°W), 3.5 m depth, coll. Diana Ugalde, 28 August 2018; CNPGG-2445, Isla Verde reef (19.20588°N, 96.07305°W), 7.8 m depth, coll. Diana Ugalde, 31 August 2018. Distribution. Mexico (Gómez 2014; current records), Cuba (Alcolado 1984), other countries in the Caribbean Sea, Brazil (Zea et al. 2014). Remarks. Clathria (T.) venosa is distinguished by its encrusting habit, with a stellate venous pattern at surface flowing to oscules; its color is pink, greyish, and whitish to cinnamon. C. (T.) venosa has been recorded and described for the southern (Gómez 2014) and the northern GoM (Zea et al. 2014). The species abundance has been shown to be positively correlated with urban organic pollution on coral reefs, exhibiting a significant exponential relation with the pollution degree (Busutil & Alcolado 2012)., Published as part of Ugalde, Diana, Fernandez, Julio C. C., Gómez, Patricia, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele & Simões, Nuno, 2021, An update on the diversity of marine sponges in the southern Gulf of Mexico coral reefs, pp. 1-112 in Zootaxa 5031 (1) on page 49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5031.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5454380, {"references":["Alcolado, P. M. (1984) Nuevas especies de esponjas encontradas en Cuba. Poeyana, 271, 1 - 21.","Hooper, J. N. A. (1996) Revision of Microcionidae (Porifera: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species. Memoir of the Queensland Museum, 40, 1 - 626.","Gomez, P. (2014) The genus Clathria from the Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean, with redescription and resurrection of Clathria carteri (Poecilosclerida: Microcionidae). Zootaxa, 3790 (1), 51 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3790.1.3","Hajdu, E., Peixinho, S. & Fernandez, J. C. (2011) Esponjas marinhas da Bahia: guia de campo e laboratorio. Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 276 pp.","Perez, T., Diaz, M. C., Ruiz, C., Condor-Lujan, B., Klautau, M., Hajdu, E., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Zea, S., Pomponi, S. A., Thacker, R. W., Carteron, S., Tollu, G., Pouget-Cuvelier, A., Thelamon, P., Marechal, J. P., Thomas, O. P., Ereskovsky, A. V., Vacelet, J. & Boury-Esnault, N. (2017) How a collaborative integrated taxonomic effort has trained new spongiologists and improved knowledge of Martinique Island (French Antilles, eastern Caribbean Sea) marine biodiversity. PLoS ONE, 12, e 0173859. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0173859","Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. & Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1","Alcolado, P. M. & Busutil, L. (2012) Inventario de las esponjas neriticas del Parque Nacional de Guadalupe. Series Oceanologica, 10, 62 - 76."]}

Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882) Tables 6, 7; Figs. 49A–C, 58D Synonymy and references: Fibularia anchorata Carter (1882: 283); Desmacidon carterianum Arndt (1927: 147); Desmapsamma anchorata: Gómez (2002: 77), Hajdu et al. (2011: 151), Muricy et al. (2011: 162), and Pérez et al. (2017: 11); Desmacidon reptans, Echinoclathria (Holopsamma) helwigi and Holopsamma helwigi, see references compiled in Muricy et al. (2011: 162). Type locality. Antigua. Material examined. CNPGG-2443, Cabezo reef (19.05086°N, 95.82388°W), 10.4 m depth, coll. Diana Ugalde, 30 August 2018; CNPGG-1754 Alacranes reef (22.3529”N, 89.6723”W) 12 m depth, coll. Diana Ugalde, 7 March 2012; CNPGG-1756 Alacranes reef (22.3830N, 89.6796”W), coll. Patricia Gómez, 6 August 2009; CNPGG-1757 Alacranes reef (22.3670”N, 89.6751”W), coll. Patricia Gómez, 3 August 2009. Distribution. Mexico (Green et al. 1986; Gómez 2002, 2007; current records), Cuba, other countries in the Caribbean Sea (Zea 1987); Brazil (Hajdu et al. 2011). Remarks. Desmapsamma anchorata is a common species in the SGoM, Veracruz’s reefs (Green et al. 1986; Gómez 2002, 2007), and northeastern Yucatan Peninsula. Our specimens match in all characteristics the original description of Carter (1882)., Published as part of Ugalde, Diana, Fernandez, Julio C. C., Gómez, Patricia, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele & Simões, Nuno, 2021, An update on the diversity of marine sponges in the southern Gulf of Mexico coral reefs, pp. 1-112 in Zootaxa 5031 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5031.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5454380, {"references":["Carter, H. (1882) Some Sponges from the West Indies and Acapulco in the Liverpool Free Museum described, with general and classificatory Remarks. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9, 266 - 347. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938209459039","Arndt, W. (1927) Kalk- und Kieselschwamme von Curacao. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 25, 133 - 158, pls. I - III. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 26660644 - 02501006","Gomez, P. (2002) Esponjas marinas del Golfo de Mexico y el Caribe. AGT Editors S. A, Mexico, D. F., 134 pp.","Hajdu, E., Peixinho, S. & Fernandez, J. C. (2011) Esponjas marinhas da Bahia: guia de campo e laboratorio. Museu Nacional / UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 276 pp.","Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. D. S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. & Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Serie livros 46. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 300 pp.","Perez, T., Diaz, M. C., Ruiz, C., Condor-Lujan, B., Klautau, M., Hajdu, E., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Zea, S., Pomponi, S. A., Thacker, R. W., Carteron, S., Tollu, G., Pouget-Cuvelier, A., Thelamon, P., Marechal, J. P., Thomas, O. P., Ereskovsky, A. V., Vacelet, J. & Boury-Esnault, N. (2017) How a collaborative integrated taxonomic effort has trained new spongiologists and improved knowledge of Martinique Island (French Antilles, eastern Caribbean Sea) marine biodiversity. PLoS ONE, 12, e 0173859. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0173859","Green, G., Fuentes, V. L. & Gomez, P. (1986) Nuevos registros de Porifera del arrecife la Blanquilla, Veracruz Mexico. Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 27, 9 - 11.","Gomez, P. (2007) Inventario de las esponjas del Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano, con nuevos Registros de Especies (Porifera: Demospongiae). In: Jimenez-Hernandez, M. J.; Granados-Barba, A. & Ortiz-Lozano, L. (Eds.), Investigaciones Cientificas en el Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano. Universidad Autonoma de Campeche, Campeche, pp. 51 - 72.","Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas - INVEMAR, Santa Marta, 283 pp."]}

Igernella notabilis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Tables 6, 7; Figs. 74A–B, 79D Synonymy and references: Euryades notabilis Duchassaing & Michelotti (1864: 106); Darwinella joyeuxi Topsent (1889:17); Igernella notabilis: Muricy et al. (2011: 55), Rützler et al. (2014: 96), Pérez et al. (2017: 9), and van Soest (2017: 18); Darwinella joyeuxi, Euryades notabilis, Igernella joyeuxi: see references compiled in Muricy et al. (2011: 55). Type locality. St. Thomas. Material examined. CNPGG-1133, Alacranes reef (22.3670°N, 89.6751°W), 12 m depth, coll. Patricia Gómez, 03 August 2012; CNPGG-1770, Sisal reef (21.4416°N, 90.2913°W), 12 m depth, coll. Diana Ugalde, 24 January 2013; CNPGG-2234, Triangulo Este reef (20.90°N, 92.2340°W), 10 m depth, coll. Deneb Ortigosa, 11 August 2017; CNPGG-2244, CNPGG-2252, Triangulo Oeste reef (20.95178°N, 92.30963°W), 9–23 m depth, coll. Oscar Bocardo, 09 September 2017; CNPGG-2295, Banco Obispo Norte reef (20.49111°N, 92.20296°W), 14 m depth, coll. Oscar Bocardo, 13 September 2017. Distribution. Mexico (Topsent 1889 as Darwinella joyeuxi; current records), Bermuda (Rützler et al. 2014), Cuba (Alcolado 2002), other countries in the Caribbean Sea; Guyana, and Brazil (van Soest 2017). Remarks. Only three species of Igernella have been reported worldwide: Igenella mirabilis Lévi 1961 from the Indo-Pacific, I. vansoesti Uriz & Maldonado 1996 from Cape Verde, and the current I. notabilis. We agree with the comment by van Soest (2017) on the need to verify the presence of I. vansoesti from Cape Verde reported in the GoM, since both materials differ in habit and skeletal measurements. Igernella notabilis has been reported in Campeche by Topsent (1889), and is a common species in the coral reefs of the area. The distinctive habit of the species in the GoM region was the presence of short tubes joined in a row, a common form in other parts of the Caribbean. There is only one report with encrusting shape 5 mm thick, due to its juvenile state (Rutzler et al. 2014). Order Dictyoceratida Minchin, 1900, Published as part of Ugalde, Diana, Fernandez, Julio C. C., Gómez, Patricia, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele & Simões, Nuno, 2021, An update on the diversity of marine sponges in the southern Gulf of Mexico coral reefs, pp. 1-112 in Zootaxa 5031 (1) on pages 81-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5031.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5454380, {"references":["Duchassaing, F. P. & Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem, 21, 1 - 124.","Topsent, E. (1889) Quelques spongiaires du Banc de Campeche et de la Pointe-a-Pitre. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France, 2, 30 - 52.","Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. D. S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. & Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Serie livros 46. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 300 pp.","Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. & Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1","Perez, T., Diaz, M. C., Ruiz, C., Condor-Lujan, B., Klautau, M., Hajdu, E., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Zea, S., Pomponi, S. A., Thacker, R. W., Carteron, S., Tollu, G., Pouget-Cuvelier, A., Thelamon, P., Marechal, J. P., Thomas, O. P., Ereskovsky, A. V., Vacelet, J. & Boury-Esnault, N. (2017) How a collaborative integrated taxonomic effort has trained new spongiologists and improved knowledge of Martinique Island (French Antilles, eastern Caribbean Sea) marine biodiversity. PLoS ONE, 12, e 0173859. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0173859","van Soest, R. W. M. (2017) Sponges of the Guyana Shelf. Zootaxa, 4217 (1), 1 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4217.1.1","Alcolado, P. M. (2002) Catalogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53 - 72.","Uriz, M. J. & Maldonado, M. (1996) The genus Igernella (Demospongiae: Dendroceratida) with description of a new species from the central Atlantic. In: Willenz, P. (Ed.), Recent advances in sponge biodiversity inventory and documentation. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 66 (Supplement), pp. 153 - 163."]}

Family Suberitidae Schmidt, 1870 Genus Suberites Nardo, 1833, Published as part of Ugalde, Diana, Fernandez, Julio C. C., Gómez, Patricia, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele & Simões, Nuno, 2021, An update on the diversity of marine sponges in the southern Gulf of Mexico coral reefs, pp. 1-112 in Zootaxa 5031 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5031.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5454380, {"references":["Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp., VI pls.","Nardo, G. D. (1833) s. n. In: Auszug aus einem neuen System der Spongiarien, wonach bereits die Aufstellung in der Universitats- Sammlung zu Padua gemacht ist. Isis, oder Encyclopadische Zeitung Coll. Oken, Jena, pp. 519 - 523."]}

Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 Tables 6, 7; Figs. 30A–B, 36M Synonymy and references: Amphimedon arborscens Lamarck (1814: 446); Spongia arborescens Lamarck (1814: 446); Spongia rubens Duchassaing & Michelotti (1864: 41); Amphimedon arborescens Duchassaing & Michelotti (1864: 79); Haliclona rubens Laubenfels de (1953: 519), Hartman (1955: 167), Green (1977: 86); Amphimedon arborscens var. ensiformis Duchassaing & Michelotti (1864: 79); Haliclona (Amphimedon) compressa, Amphimedon aff. compressa and Amphimedon sp.: see references compiled in Muricy et al. (2011: 103); Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti (1864: 78), Green et al. (1986: 134), Gómez (2002:82), Muricy et al. (2011: 103). Type locality. The Virgin Islands. Material examined. CNPGG –1900, Alacranes reef (22.39255°N, 89.69508°W), 5 m depth, coll. Oscar Bocardo, 15 May 2016; CNPGG –1950, Cayo Arcas reef (20.19161°N, - 91.99086°W), 12.5 m depth, coll. Oscar Bocardo, 23 August 2016; CNPGG –2290, Banco Obispo Norte reef (20.4946°N, - 92.20378°W), 24 m depth, coll. Oscar Bocardo, 13 September 2017; CNPGG –2403, Hornos reef (19.19083°N, - 96.11777°W), 3 m depth, coll. Diana Ugalde, 27 August 2018; CNPGG –2419, Isla Verde reef (19.20166°N, - 96.07094°W), 3.8 m depth, coll. Diana Ugalde, 28 August 2018; CNPGG –2437, CNPGG –2438, CNPGG –2440, Cabezo reef (19.05086°N, - 95.82388°W), 9.3–9.5 m depth, coll. Diana Ugalde, 28 August 2018. Distribution. Mexico (Hartman 1955; Green 1977 as Haliclona rubens; Gómez & Green 1984; Green et al. 1986; Gómez 2002; Maas-Vargas 2004; González-Gándara et al. 2009; De la Cruz-Francisco & Bandala-Pérez 2016; current records), Bahamas, US (Florida), other countries in the Caribbean Sea; Brazil (Muricy et al. 2011). Remarks. Amphimedon compressa is a common inhabitant of the coral reefs in the GoM; it has been recorded in different coral reefs of Veracruz (Green et al. 1986; Gómez 2007, 2011; González-Gándara et al. 2009), as well as in the Campeche Bank by Hartman (1955, as Haliclona rubens). We observed this species frequently in different coral reefs at the Campeche Bank. A. compressa had also been reported by several authors, in the northern GoM (Rützler et al. 2009) and off Quintana Roo (Gómez 2002; Maas-Vargas 2004)., Published as part of Ugalde, Diana, Fernandez, Julio C. C., Gómez, Patricia, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele & Simões, Nuno, 2021, An update on the diversity of marine sponges in the southern Gulf of Mexico coral reefs, pp. 1-112 in Zootaxa 5031 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5031.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5454380, {"references":["Duchassaing, F. P. & Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem, 21, 1 - 124.","Lamarck, J. B. P. (1814) Sur les polypiers empates. Memoires du Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, [1815], 294 - 312 + 370 - 386 + 432 - 458.","Laubenfels, M. W. de (1953) Sponges from the Gulf of Mexico. Bullentin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 2, 511 - 557.","Hartman, W. D. (1955) A collection of sponges from the west coast of the Yucatan Peninsula with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 5, 161 - 189.","Green, G. (1977) Sinopsis Taxonomica de esponjas de la Blanquilla. Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 1, 79 - 98.","Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. D. S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. & Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Serie livros 46. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 300 pp.","Green, G., Fuentes, V. L. & Gomez, P. (1986) Nuevos registros de Porifera del arrecife la Blanquilla, Veracruz Mexico. Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 27, 9 - 11.","Gomez, P. (2002) Esponjas marinas del Golfo de Mexico y el Caribe. AGT Editors S. A, Mexico, D. F., 134 pp.","Gomez, P. & Green, G. (1984) Sistematica de las esponjas Marinas de Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Anales del Instituto Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 11, 65 - 90.","Maas-Vargas, M. G. (2004) Inventario de las esponjas marinas (Porifera: Demospongiae) de la Coleccion de Referencia de bentos costeros de ECOSUR. Universidad y ciencia, 20, 23 - 28.","Gonzalez-Gandara, C., Patino-Garcia, A., Asis-Anastasio, U., Serrano, A. & Gomez, P. (2009) Lista de esponjas marinas asociadas al arrecife Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico. Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2009.001.576","De la Cruz-Francisco, V. & Bandala-Perez, A. E. (2016) Esponjas y Cnidarios (Hydrozoa y Anthozoa) del arrecife Oro Verde; cobertura bentonica y afinidad faunistica con sistemas arrecifales de Veracruz, Mexico. Occeanides, 31, 45 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.37543 / oceanides. v 31 i 2.185","Gomez, P. (2007) Inventario de las esponjas del Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano, con nuevos Registros de Especies (Porifera: Demospongiae). In: Jimenez-Hernandez, M. J.; Granados-Barba, A. & Ortiz-Lozano, L. (Eds.), Investigaciones Cientificas en el Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano. Universidad Autonoma de Campeche, Campeche, pp. 51 - 72.","Gomez, P. (2011) Esponjas marinas y de agua dulce. In: Cruz, A. (Ed.), La biodiversidad en Veracruz: Estudio de Estado. Vol II. Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz, Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ecologia, Veracruz, pp. 217 - 224.","Rutzler, K., Soest, R. W. M. Van & Piantoni, C. (2009) Sponges (Porifera) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D. L. & Camp, D. K. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota. Texas A & M Press, College Station, Texas, pp. 285 - 313."]}

Neopetrosia proxima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) Tables 6, 7; Figs. 33A–C, 45A–B Synonymy and references: Thalysias proxima Duchassaing & Michelotti (1864: 84), and van Soest et al. (1983: 198); Densa araminta, Neofibularia proxima and Xestospongia próxima: see references compiled in Muricy et al. (2011: 106); Neopetrosia proxima, Muricy et al. (2011: 106), Santos et al. (2016: 336), Pérez et al. (2017: 10), van Soest (2017: 35), and Vicente et al. (2019: 8). Type locality. St. Thomas. Material examined. CNPGG-2376, CNPGG-2264 Banco Pera reef (20.72669°N, - 91.93481°W), 20 m depth, coll. Oscar Bocardo, 15 September 2017. Description. Habit elongate or massive. The size of the specimen with an elongate habit (CNPGG-2264, Fig. 45A), ca. 20 × 6 × 2 cm. The larger massive specimen (CNPGG-2376, Fig. 45B), ca. 20 ×10 × 2 cm. Surface microhispid and undulated. Oscules are slightly aligned (elongate specimen) or scattered (massive specimen). Color in vivo pale orange, pinkish-beige, or brownish-beige preserved in ethanol. The consistency is hard but friable. Skeleton. Ectosome is not easily detachable, and the tangential skeleton shows a rounded mesh; ca. 150–200 µm in diameter (Fig. 33A). Choanosome with a similar skeleton arrangement to the ectosomal skeleton. The choanosomal region with wide channels; up to 1500 µm width (Fig. 33B). Spicules. Megascleres: Oxeas, slightly curved (Fig. 33C); 132– 147 (10)–165/7– 9.2 (1.3)–12 µm. Distribution. Mexico (current records), US (Florida); other countries in the Caribbean Sea, Guyana, and Brazil (van Soest 2017). Remarks. Only two species of Neopetrosia have been reported in the northern GoM, N. carbonaria and N. subtriangularis (Rützler et al. 2009). N. subtriangularis has been also reported in the southern section of the GoM (e.g., Green 1977; Green et al. 1986; Gómez 2007). Neopetrosia proxima has also been reported in Guyana by van Soest (2017). Our study is the first record of N. proxima for the GoM, since it has not been recorded in any recent revision study of sponges from the region (Gómez 2007; Rützler et al. 2009; Ugalde et al. 2015).