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The gadolinium (Gd3+) substituted zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe2−xGdxO4) for Gd3+ (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20) have been synthesized by honey mediated sol-gel auto-combustion method. The X-ray diffraction study revealed the formation of spinel ferrite crystal structure. The Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study well support the XRD results analysis. The field emission scanning electron microscopy micrograph revealed spherical morphology and grain size around 10-30 nm for ZnFe2−xGdxO4 (x = 0.10) nanoparticles. The presence of Zn2+ and Fe3+ oxidation state in synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Magnetic properties of the Gd3+ substituted zinc ferrite nanoparticles were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature. The conversion of magnetic hysteresis curves from ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic with the substitution of Gd3+ in zinc ferrite nanoparticles was observed. Frequency dependent dielectric constant and ac conductivity measurements revealed that Gd3+ substitution improved the value of dielectric constant and ac conductivity of the Gd3+ substituted zinc ferrite nanoparticles. Further, the existence of two semicircles in Cole-Cole plot demonstrated the role of both grains and grain boundaries to conduction process in synthesized Gd3+ ion substituted zinc ferrite nanoparticles. Furthermore, the grain relaxation time (τg), grain boundary relaxation time (τgb), grain resistance (Rg), grain capacitance (Cg), grain boundary resistance (Rgb) and grain boundary capacitance (Cgb) for synthesized ZnFe2−xGdxO4 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20) nanoparticles have been calculated using modulus spectroscopy analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ideally hexagonally ordered TiO2 nanotube layers were produced through the optimized anodization of Ti substrates. The Ti substrates were firstly covered with a TiN protecting layer prepared through atomic layer deposition (ALD). Pre-texturing of the TiN-protected Ti substrate on an area of 20×20 μm2 was carried out by focused ion beam (FIB) milling, yielding uniform nanoholes with a hexagonal arrangement throughout the TiN layer with three different interpore distances. The subsequent anodic nanotube growth using ethylene-glycol-based electrolyte followed the pre-textured nanoholes, resulting in perfectly ordered nanotube layers (resembling honeycomb porous anodic alumina) without any point defects and with a thickness of approximately 2 μm over the whole area of the pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal hydroxides have attracted a lot of attention as the electrode materials for supercapacitors owing to their relatively high theoretical capacity, low cost, and facile preparation methods. However, their low intrinsic conductivity deteriorates their high-rate performance and cycling stability. Here, self-supported sheets-on-wire CuO@Ni(OH)2/Zn(OH)2 (CuO@NiZn) composite nanowire arrays were successfully grown on copper foam. The CuO nanowire backbone provided enhanced structural stability and a highly efficient electron-conducting pathway from the active hydroxide nanosheets to the current collector. The resulting CuO@NiZn as the battery-type electrode for supercapacitor application delivered a high capacity of 306.2 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.8 A g−1 and a very stable capacity of 195.1 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1 for 10,000 charge–discharge cycles. Furthermore, a quasi-solid-state hybrid supercapacitor (qss HSC) was assembled with active carbon, exhibiting 125.3 mAh g−1 at 0.8 A g−1 and a capacity of 41.6 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1 for 5000 charge–discharge cycles. Furthermore, the qss HSC was able to deliver a high energy density of about 116.0 Wh kg−1. Even at the highest power density of 7.8 kW kg−1, an energy density of 20.5 Wh kg−1 could still be obtained. Finally, 14 red light-emitting diodes were lit up by a single qss HSC at different bending states, showing good potential for flexible energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report the preparation of visible-light active direct Z-scheme Cu2O/WO3 nanocomposite photocatalyst by a solid-state reaction avoiding the otherwise inevitable formation of CuWO4 phase in wet syntheses. Structure, morphology, and thermal and optical properties of prepared WO3 nanoplatelets decorated by Cu2O were investigated by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM/TEM, combined thermogravimetric (TG)/differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, and UV–VIS spectroscopy. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared samples under UV and visible light was studied through monitoring discoloration of methylene blue under illumination by selected wavelengths, allowing for the distinguishing between the contributions of the two semiconductive components. Experimental results showed that the decoration of WO3 nanoplates by Cu2O nanoparticles led to an improvement in photocatalytic performance, regardless of used LED (Light-Emitting Diode) wavelength, even at low concentrations. By using scavengers selectively blocking reactive species involved in the discoloration reaction, we determined that the Cu2O/WO3 nanocomposite exhibited the characteristics of direct Z-scheme-type photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of flexible, lightweight, and thin high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding materials is urgently needed for the protection of humans, the environment, and electronic devices against electromagnetic radiation. To achieve this, the spinel ferrite nanoparticles CoFe 2 O 4 (CZ1), Co 0.67 Zn 0.33 Fe 2 O 4 (CZ2), and Co 0.33 Zn 0.67 Fe 2 O 4 (CZ3) were prepared by the sonochemical synthesis method. Further, these prepared spinel ferrite nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were embedded in a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix. The maximum electromagnetic interference (EMI) total shielding effectiveness (SE T ) values in the frequency range 8.2-12.4 GHz of these nanocomposites with a thickness of only 0.8 mm were 48.3, 61.8, and 67.8 dB for CZ1-rGO-TPU, CZ2-rGO-TPU, and CZ3-rGO-TPU, respectively. The high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding characteristics of the CZ3-rGO-TPU nanocomposite stem from dipole and interfacial polarization, conduction loss, multiple scattering, eddy current effect, natural resonance, high attenuation constant, and impedance matching. The optimized CZ3-rGO-TPU nanocomposite can be a potential candidate as a lightweight, flexible, thin, and high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding material., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

In this work, nickel ferrite (NiFe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles were synthesized by dextrin from corn-mediated sol-gel combustion method and were annealed at 600, 800, and 1000 °C. The structural and physical characteristics of prepared nanoparticles were studied in detail. The average crystallite size was 20.6, 34.5, and 68.6 nm for NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles annealed at 600 °C (NFD@600), 800 °C (NFD@800), and 1000 °C (NFD@1000), respectively. The electromagnetic interference shielding performance of prepared nanocomposites of NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles (NFD@600 or NFD@800 or NFD@1000) in polypropylene (PP) matrix engineered with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been investigated; the results indicated that the prepared nanocomposites consisted of smaller-sized nickel ferrite nanoparticles exhibited excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding characteristics. The total EMI shielding effectiveness (SE T ) for the prepared nanocomposites have been noticed to be 45.56, 36.43, and 35.71 dB for NFD@600-rGO-PP, NFD@800-rGO-PP, and NFD@1000-rGO-PP nanocomposites, respectively, at the thickness of 2 mm in microwave X-band range (8.2-12.4 GHz). The evaluated values of specific EMI shielding effectiveness (SSE) were 38.81, 32.79, and 31.73 dB·cm 3 /g, and the absolute EMI shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) values were 388.1, 327.9, and 317.3 dB·cm 2 /g for NFD@600-rGO-PP, NFD@800-rGO-PP, and NFD@1000-rGO-PP, respectively. The prepared lightweight and flexible sheets can be considered useful nanocomposites against electromagnetic radiation pollution., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society.)

Ideally hexagonally ordered TiO 2 nanotube layers were produced through the optimized anodization of Ti substrates. The Ti substrates were firstly covered with a TiN protecting layer prepared through atomic layer deposition (ALD). Pre-texturing of the TiN-protected Ti substrate on an area of 20×20 μm 2 was carried out by focused ion beam (FIB) milling, yielding uniform nanoholes with a hexagonal arrangement throughout the TiN layer with three different interpore distances. The subsequent anodic nanotube growth using ethylene-glycol-based electrolyte followed the pre-textured nanoholes, resulting in perfectly ordered nanotube layers (resembling honeycomb porous anodic alumina) without any point defects and with a thickness of approximately 2 μm over the whole area of the pattern.