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The objective of the present study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Scale of Attitudes toward Gender Equality in Football in the Context of Schools (SAGEFS) in the international context. This sample was formed by N = 6,101 students. The study was conducted by applying the SAGEFS. The model of the three factors correlated in the complete sample and for each country was correlated using AFC. The structural model was appraised by employing eight indices: the relative Chi-squared index; the goodness of fit index and its adjusted formula; the normal fit index; the comparative fit index; the standardized Quadratic Mean; and the Quadratic Mean Error of Approximation. To conclude, the results evidence the presence of psychometric properties that are indispensable for the measurement of attitudes toward gender equality in the context of schools.

Whey, a component of milk and a useful by-product of the dairy industry’s casein and cheese-making, has been used for generations to augment animal feed. It contains a range of proteins, including α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, heavy and light chain immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, glycomacropeptide, and lactoperoxidase. Whey proteins exhibit great potential as biopolymers for creating bioactive delivery systems owing to their distinct health-enhancing characteristics and the presence of numerous amino acid groups within their structures. Whey has considerable factors such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, antiviral, and antibacterial properties in addition to chelating. The global market of whey protein stood at USD 5.33 billion in 2021, with a projected compound annual growth rate of 10.48% spanning the interval from 2022 to 2030. The escalating demand for whey protein is intrinsically linked to the amplifying consciousness surrounding healthy lifestyles. Notably, protein supplements are recurrently endorsed by fitness and sports establishments, thereby accentuating the focal point of customers toward whey protein. This review focuses on nutritional composition, whey bioactives, and their bioavailability with potential health benefits.

Acute porphyrias are a group of rare genetic metabolic disorders, caused by a defect in one of the enzymes involved in the heme biosynthesis, which results in an abnormally high accumulation of toxic intermediates. Acute porphyrias are characterized by potentially life-threatening attacks and, for some patients, by chronic manifestations that negatively impact daily functioning and quality of life. Clinical manifestations include a nonspecific set of gastrointestinal, neuropsychiatric, and/or cutaneous symptoms. Effective diagnostic methods are widely available, but due to their clinical heterogeneity and non-specificity, many years often elapse from symptom onset to diagnosis of acute porphyrias, delaying the treatment and increasing morbidity. Therefore, increased awareness of acute porphyrias among healthcare professionals is paramount to reducing disease burden. Treatment of acute porphyrias is centered on eliminating the potential precipitants, symptomatic treatment, and suppressing the hepatic heme pathway, through the administration of hemin or givosiran. Moreover, properly monitoring patients with acute porphyrias and their relatives is fundamental to preventing acute attacks, hospitalization, and long-term complications. Considering this, a multidisciplinary panel elaborated a consensus paper, aiming to provide guidance for an efficient and timely diagnosis of acute porphyrias, and evidence-based recommendations for treating and monitoring patients and their families in Portugal. To this end, all authors exhaustively reviewed and discussed the current scientific evidence on acute porphyrias available in the literature, between November 2022 and May 2023.

A miniaturized solid-phase extraction of two tropane alkaloids (TAs) and twenty-one pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from infusions of dry edible flowers using optimized µSPEed® technique was developed. The optimization of the µSPEed® methodology involved testing different cartridges and comparing various volumes and numbers of loading cycles. The final conditions allowed for a rapid extraction, taking only 3.5 min. This was achieved using a C18-ODS cartridge, conditioning with 100 µL of methanol (two cycles), loading 100 µL of the infusion sample (seven cycles), and eluting the analytes with 100 µL of methanol (two cycles). Prior to their analysis by UHPLC-IT-MS/MS, the extracts were evaporated and reconstituted in 100 µL of water (0.2% formic acid)/methanol (0.2% ammonia) 95:5 (v/v), allowing for a preconcentration factor of seven times. The methodology was successfully validated obtaining recoveries ranging between 87 and 97%, RSD of less than 12%, and MQL between 0.09 and 0.2 µg/L. The validated methodology was applied to twenty samples of edible flower infusions to evaluate the safety of these products. Two infusion samples obtained from Acmella oleracea and Viola tricolor were contaminated with 0.16 and 0.2 µg/L of scopolamine (TA), respectively, while the infusion of Citrus aurantium was contaminated with intermedine and lycopsamine (PAs) below the MQL.

Culinary aromatic herbs (CAHs), used worldwide for culinary and industrial purposes, are recognized for their wide range of beneficial health effects including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus, antitumorigenic and anticarcinogenic, and anti-hypertensive properties, in addition to glucose- and cholesterol-lowering activities as well as properties that affect mental health and cognition via their phytochemical constituents, such as polyphenols (flavonoids and non-flavonoids), sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds, alkaloids, minerals, and vitamins. Moreover, the volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) found in CAHs offer unique analytical biosignatures linked to their sensory qualities and organoleptic characteristics. This study aimed to establish the volatilomic pattern of CAHs commonly used in Europe and in the Mediterranean region, oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and two savory species: savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and lemon savory (Satureja montana L. var. citriodora). The volatilomic pattern of CAHs was established using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) determination. This is a powerful strategy to unravel the potential health benefits related to the most important VOMs identified in each aromatic herb. This comprehensive understanding will aid in establishing the authenticity of these herbs, while also safeguarding against possible fraudulent activities and adulterations. A total of 112 VOMs from different chemical families were identified. Terpenoids amounted to the major chemical family in the investigated aromatic herbs accounting for 96.0, 95.1, and 79.7% of the total volatile composition for savory, lemon savory, and oregano, respectively. Apart from contributing to flavor profiles, certain identified VOMs also possess bioactive properties, opening interesting avenues for potential application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. The volatilomic pattern combined with unsupervised principal component analysis facilitated the differentiation of the aromatic herbs under investigation, revealing the most related VOMs in each sample, which can be used as markers for the authentication of these valuable aromatic herbs, such as caryophyllene oxide (103), camphene (6), p-cymene (23), and borneol (74), among others. In addition, some VOMs have a high influence on the aromatic herb’s bioactive potential, helping to prevent certain diseases including cancer, inflammatory-related diseases, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.

This work aimed to develop high-quality gluten-free bread based on maize and buckwheat with good palatability and texture properties. Different aromatic herbs and spices were incorporated as ingredients to evaluate whether their addition could influence the acceptability of consumers by improving the sensory properties of the final product. The bread formulation was first optimized through a response surface methodology. Accordingly, high specific volume, high springiness, and low hardness provided the best theoretical bread quality. However, when developing the product, some sensory defects were detected. Therefore, the addition of other ingredients (e.g., oil, sugar, and yeast) was tested. Finally, five different gluten-free bread with different combinations of aromatic herbs and spices were obtained. They were nutritionally characterized and subjected to sensory analysis by a panel of 140 consumers. The chemical composition of all bread was very similar, with only slight differences among them. Likewise, all of them received acceptable sensory scores (>5) from consumers, and some combinations of herbs and spices obtained scores higher than in the control bread (without herbs and spices). Overall, the gluten-free bread formulated with the combination of basil and oregano was the one that consumers significantly liked the most.

El aprendizaje-servicio (ApS) se ha integrado en los procesos enseñanza-aprendizaje a todos los niveles. Su aplicación, acercándose a la realidad sin tamices, contrasta con lo equidistante de una educación neutra, al margen de toda ideología. No obstante, este oxímoron conlleva un aprendizaje limitante para repensar nuestras creencias personales, que son a su vez las carencias sociales de nuestro tiempo. Particularmente, cuando la innovación se promueve con aprendizaje-servicio y enfoque geográfico se posibilita que desde lo local se reconozca la perversidad manifiesta en la globalización. Este es el objetivo del proyecto de sensibilización desarrollado: reformular el sentido de la educación. ¿El servicio? Dar voz a quién se le oprime. Sin necesidad de eludir el currículo establecido, a través del método epistémico, o método humano, queda demostrado el potencial de la escuela para sensibilizar sobre problemáticas sociales, actuando en este caso desde el entorno más inmediato en la opinión pública, a nivel comunitario y social, en concreto, sobre la cuestión migratoria.

Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that, under homeostatic conditions, account for as much as 1-3% of peripheral blood leukocytes. During inflammation, eosinophils can rapidly expand and infiltrate inflamed tissues, guided by cytokines and alarmins (such as IL-33), adhesion molecules and chemokines. Eosinophils play a prominent role in allergic asthma and parasitic infections. Nonetheless, they participate in the immune response against respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. Notably, respiratory viruses are associated with asthma exacerbation. Eosinophils release several molecules endowed with antiviral activity, including cationic proteins, RNases and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. On the other hand, eosinophils release several cytokines involved in homeostasis maintenance and Th2-related inflammation. In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, emerging evidence indicates that eosinophils can represent possible blood-based biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and severity prediction of disease. In particular, eosinopenia seems to be an indicator of severity among patients with COVID-19, whereas an increased eosinophil count is associated with a better prognosis, including a lower incidence of complications and mortality. In the present review, we provide an overview of the role and plasticity of eosinophils focusing on various respiratory viral infections and in the context of viral and allergic disease comorbidities. We will discuss the potential utility of eosinophils as prognostic/predictive immune biomarkers in emerging respiratory viral diseases, particularly COVID-19. Finally, we will revisit some of the relevant methods and tools that have contributed to the advances in the dissection of various eosinophil subsets in different pathological settings for future biomarker definition.

Abstract Introduction A major challenge to enabling precision health at a global scale is the bias between those who enroll in state sponsored genomic research and those suffering from chronic disease. More than 30 million people have been genotyped by direct-to-consumer (DTC) companies such as 23andMe, Ancestry DNA, and MyHeritage, providing a potential mechanism for democratizing access to medical interventions and thus catalyzing improvements in patient outcomes as the cost of data acquisition drops. However, much of these data are sequestered in the initial provider network, without the ability for the scientific community to either access or validate. Here, we present a novel geno-pheno platform that integrates heterogeneous data sources and applies learnings to common chronic disease conditions including Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension. Methods We collected genotyped data from a novel DTC platform where participants upload their genotype data files and were invited to answer general health questionnaires regarding cardiometabolic traits over a period of 6 months. Quality control, imputation, and genome-wide association studies were performed on this dataset, and polygenic risk scores were built in a case–control setting using the BASIL algorithm. Results We collected data on N = 4,550 (389 cases / 4,161 controls) who reported being affected or previously affected for T2D and N = 4,528 (1,027 cases / 3,501 controls) for hypertension. We identified 164 out of 272 variants showing identical effect direction to previously reported genome-significant findings in Europeans. Performance metric of the PRS models was AUC = 0.68, which is comparable to previously published PRS models obtained with larger datasets including clinical biomarkers. Discussion DTC platforms have the potential of inverting research models of genome sequencing and phenotypic data acquisition. Quality control (QC) mechanisms proved to successfully enable traditional GWAS and PRS analyses. The direct participation of individuals has shown the potential to generate rich datasets enabling the creation of PRS cardiometabolic models. More importantly, federated learning of PRS from reuse of DTC data provides a mechanism for scaling precision health care delivery beyond the small number of countries who can afford to finance these efforts directly. Conclusions The genetics of T2D and hypertension have been studied extensively in controlled datasets, and various polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been developed. We developed predictive tools for both phenotypes trained with heterogeneous genotypic and phenotypic data generated outside of the clinical environment and show that our methods can recapitulate prior findings with fidelity. From these observations, we conclude that it is possible to leverage DTC genetic repositories to identify individuals at risk of debilitating diseases based on their unique genetic landscape so that informed, timely clinical interventions can be incorporated.

There is a genetic component to the risk of severe COVID-19, but the genetic effects are difficult to separate from social constructs that covary with genetic ancestry. To address this, the authors identify determinants of COVID-19 severity using admixture mapping, viral phylodynamics, and host immune and metagenomic sequencing.

The synthesis of gold(III) and gold(I)–gold(III) complexes with phosphide bridges is still a matter that requires solutions for their marked instability, in spite of the affinity of this metal in both oxidation states for phosphorous donor ligands. In the course of our studies, we realized that the presence of perhalophenyl groups of the type pentafluorophenyl or 3,5-dichlorotrifluorophenyl in the complexes gives rise to an increase in their stability that eases their isolation and structural characterization. In this paper, we describe two new fully characterized neutral compounds of this type to extend the knowledge on this family of compounds, [{Au(C6Cl2F3)2}2(µ-PPh2)2] (1) and [{Au(C6Cl2F3)2(µ-PPh2)2Au}2] (2). In this work, we analyze the role of the perhalophenyl groups in the stability of these complexes by using quantum chemical topology methodologies, specifically employing an analysis of the non-covalent interactions (NCIs) in real space and evaluating the electrostatic potential surfaces (ESP). Our findings reveal the existence of appreciable π-stacking interactions among the perhalophenyl and phenyl groups in both compounds, significantly contributing to the stability of the systems.

Asthma is a disease that has been described since the times of Hammurabi. However, it is only since the 1960s that effective therapeutic strategies have been available. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying the disease have been deeply studied, contributing to creating a “patient-specific asthma” definition. Biological drugs have been approved over the last twenty years, improving disease management in patients with severe asthma via a “precision medicine-driven approach”. This article aims to describe the evolution of scientific knowledge in childhood asthma, focusing on the most recent biological therapies and their indications for patients with severe asthma.

α-Solanine and α-chaconine are the two most predominant glycoalkaloids (GAs) present in potato. Potato peel contains a high concentration of GAs, which are especially interesting for application in the pharmaceutical industry due to their different beneficial properties (such as anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antipyretic, antiviral, fungicide, and antibiotic activities, among others); so, potato peel waste can be valorized by extracting these biologically active compounds. For this, a green, quick, and efficient miniaturized analytical approach based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with HPLC-DAD was developed to quantify α-solanine and α-chaconine in potato peel. Some parameters of the extraction were optimized, including the extraction method, the type of solvent, and the sample/solvent ratio, by a three-factor, three-level (33) full factorial experimental design. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained with UAE using methanol as a solvent and a sample/solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v, g/mL). The analytical greenness metric for sample preparation (AGREEprep) tool was used to assess the greenness of the methods used. The tool revealed an acceptable green analysis, with 0.61 points. The method was validated and applied to the evaluation of GAs in the peel of 15 commercial varieties of potato. The amount of glycoalkaloids found in the samples evaluated ranged from 143 to 1273 mg/kg and from 117 to 1742 mg/kg dry weight for α-solanine and α-chaconine, respectively. These results reveal the important variability that exists between potato varieties; so, their analysis is of great importance to select the most suitable ones for biovalorization (e.g., the Amandine and Rudolph varieties, with around 3000 mg/kg, in total, of both GAs). To provide higher stability to the peel during storage, freeze-drying or a medium-temperature drying process resulted preferable to avoid GA degradation. Overall, this study will contribute to the expansion of the future biovalorization of potato peel waste as well as provide a powerful analytical tool for GA analysis.

The literary field is a cultural form, an individualized system of practices, characterized by its attributes and the structure that it assumes. Inside the form, the actors formulate discourses about their practices, from which emerge both a set of rules that regulate practices and a structure. Structure, norm, and practitioners compete to give shape to the form. From the different understandings of what belongs (or not) to the literary domain and some (r)evolutions in the field, this article defines the elements of a cultural form and gives an account of its dynamics that, throughout time, explains the fact that some rules may be reformulated and new bearers to be introduced, with the cultural form undergoing some restructuration without losing its identity.

This study evaluated a pharmacist-led telephonic Medication Therapy Management (MTM) program for rural patients in Arizona with poor access to healthcare services. A pharmacist provided telephonic MTM services to eligible adult patients living in rural Arizona communities with a diagnosis of diabetes and/or hypertension. Data were collected and summarized descriptively for demographic and health conditions, clinical values, and medication-related problems (MRPs) at the initial consultation, and follow-up data collected at 1 and 3 months. A total of 33 patients had baseline and one-month follow-up data, while 15 patients also had three-month follow-up data. At the initial consultation, the following MRPs were identified: medication adherence issues, dose-related concerns, adverse drug events (ADE), high-risk medications, and therapeutic duplications. Recommendations were made for patients to have the influenza, herpes zoster, and pneumonia vaccines; and to initiate a statin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, beta-blocker, and/or rescue inhaler. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that while pharmacists can identify and make clinical recommendations to patients, the value of these interventions is not fully realized due to recommendations not being implemented and difficulties with patient follow-up, which may have been due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional efforts to address these shortcomings are therefore required.

Antecedentes: Los estudiantes en la universidad tienen que adaptarse a un nuevo contexto de aprendizaje y están bajo una mayor presión académica. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la salud mental, el estado afectivo y las emociones en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud y Ciencias Sociales mediante un estudio transversal. Método: Muestra de 693 estudiantes de primero a cuarto año matriculados en diferentes Grados de Ciencias de la Salud y Ciencias Sociales. Usamos el instrumento de la lista de síntomas (SCL-90-R), la escala de Afecto Positivo y Negativo (PANAS) y un cuestionario elaborado “ad hoc”. Resultados: El estado de salud era bueno, aunque el 60,9% había experimentado ansiedad o estrés. No encontramos puntuaciones altas en el SCL-90-R ni malestar psicológico. La afectividad positiva en general y para la última semana fue alta, y en cuanto a las emociones aparecieron la curiosidad, alegría, seguridad y admiración. Encontramos relaciones interesantes entre el género, el grupo de edad y la enfermedad crónica, donde las mujeres, los estudiantes jóvenes y los estudiantes con enfermedades crónicas tenían peor salud mental y malestar psicológico. Por Grados, los estudiantes de Ciencias Sociales tienen un peor pronóstico de malestar psicológico y los estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud presentan un perfil emocional basado en emociones agradables y adaptativas, aunque estos últimos también reportan los niveles más altos de miedo. Conclusión: Se necesitan medidas preventivas en la educación superior para minimizar la ansiedad, el estrés, la salud mental y las emociones desadaptativas Palabras clave: salud mental, afecto, emociones, ansiedad, estudiantes universitarios Abstract. Background: Students attending university have to adjust to a new learning context and are under increased academic pressure. The aim of the study was to assess mental health, affective status and emotions in Health Sciences and Social Sciences undergraduates using an explorative approach in a cross sectional study. Methods: A sample of 693 first-to-fourth-year students enrolled in different degree courses. We used the Symptom CheckList-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and an “ad hoc” questionnaire. Results: Health status was good, although 60.9% had experienced anxiety or stress. We found no high scores on the SCL-90-R and no psychological distress. Positive affect was reported generally and for the last week, as well as emotions such as curiosity, joy, security and admiration. We found interesting relationships between gender, year group and chronic illness, where female, young students and students with chronic illness had worse mental health and psychological distress. By degree course, Social Sciences students had a worse psychological distress prognosis and Health Sciences students presented an emotional profile based on pleasant and adaptive emotions, although the latter also reported the highest levels of fear. Conclusion: Preventive measures are needed in higher education to minimize anxiety, stress, mental health and maladaptive emotions Key words: mental health, affect, emotions, anxiety, university students

Sample preparation methods tend to be fast, simple, with the use of new adsorbents and with lower amounts of organic solvents to make them more environmentally friendly. In this work, a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) protocol for the quantification of six opium alkaloids (OAs) in poppy seeds infusions has been optimised followed by analysis with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). For this purpose, a mesostructured silica magnetic composite with β-CD (Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2@β-CD) was synthesised and characterized. To obtain the highest level of functionalisation, three proportions of β-CD monomer/material (12.5, 25 and 100%) were determined, demonstrating that 25% showed the highest level. Adsorption studies were carried out in water at different pH (1, 2, 7, 9 and 11) and times (1, 5, 10 and 20 min), confirming the high adsorption capacity at pH 9 for 1 min. Then, the elution conditions of MSPE procedure were optimised (50 mg material, 2 mL of water/EtOH at 50% with 1% formic acid for 1 min). The methodology was successful validated with low detection and quantification limits, negligible matrix effect and good recovery values (89–94%). The methodology was applied to analysis of home-made infusions with four different poppy seeds, observing in one of them a worrying amount of OAs which imply a content in the seeds of at least four times that of the legislation.

Abstract Background The Colombian population, as well as those in other Latin American regions, arose from a recent tri-continental admixture among Native Americans, Spanish invaders, and enslaved Africans, all of whom passed through a population bottleneck due to widespread infectious diseases that left small isolated local settlements. As a result, the current population reflects multiple founder effects derived from diverse ancestries. Methods We characterized the role of admixture and founder effects on the origination of the mutational landscape that led to neurodegenerative disorders under these historical circumstances. Genomes from 900 Colombian individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [n = 376], frontotemporal lobar degeneration-motor neuron disease continuum (FTLD-MND) [n = 197], early-onset dementia not otherwise specified (EOD) [n = 73], and healthy participants [n = 254] were analyzed. We examined their global and local ancestry proportions and screened this cohort for deleterious variants in disease-causing and risk-conferring genes. Results We identified 21 pathogenic variants in AD-FTLD related genes, and PSEN1 harbored the majority (11 pathogenic variants). Variants were identified from all three continental ancestries. TREM2 heterozygous and homozygous variants were the most common among AD risk genes (102 carriers), a point of interest because the disease risk conferred by these variants differed according to ancestry. Several gene variants that have a known association with MND in European populations had FTLD phenotypes on a Native American haplotype. Consistent with founder effects, identity by descent among carriers of the same variant was frequent. Conclusions Colombian demography with multiple mini-bottlenecks probably enhanced the detection of founder events and left a proportionally higher frequency of rare variants derived from the ancestral populations. These findings demonstrate the role of genomically defined ancestry in phenotypic disease expression, a phenotypic range of different rare mutations in the same gene, and further emphasize the importance of inclusiveness in genetic studies.

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Background: Higher education is considered to be one of the phases in the life cycle that produces psychological distress and academic pressure. The aim of the study was to assess to assess the emotional, empathic and coping skills of undergraduate students of Health Sciences and Social Sciences undergraduates using an explorative approach in a cross sectional study. Methods: A sample of 693 first-to-fourth-year students enrolled in different degree courses. We used an “ad hoc” questionnaire, the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24), Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24), The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and Brief COPE. Results: We found higher scores in capacity for empathy using the IRI, in emotional intelligence by TMMS-24 and a good coping style and adaptive strategies measured on the COPE, however, emotion regulation scores in DERS were medium. We found interesting relationships between female, first-year course, sport, anxiety and degree course in empathy, emotional intelligence, adaptative strategies and emotional regulation. Conclusions: Preventive and train measures in emotional and psychosocial resources are needed in higher education to achieve the highest possible level of psycho- emotional well-being. Keywords: emotional intelligence, empathy, coping skills, subjective well-being, students.

La presente investigación profundiza en el uso de las Tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) como medio de orientación profesional hacia el estudiantado de preuniversitario, proponiendo el uso de las aplicaciones móviles como tecnología, y el uso de sistemas expertos como inteligencia artificial que propicie la toma de decisiones, permitiendo que se introduzca un nuevo medio y métodos novedosos en el proceso en cuestión, haciendo uso del Test de Holland, dando una respuesta con las carreras más afines a los gustos y preferencias de los estudiantes. Tiene como finalidad evidenciar cómo la tecnología puede servir como instrumento, para que el estudiante tenga una orientación de cuáles son sus áreas ocupacionales de preferencia a la hora de optar por una carrera y proveerle información necesaria, a fin de lograr una correcta elección.

An operando DRIFT-MS system (Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy coupled with Mass Spectrometry) was designed and set up to study the oxidative steam reforming of ethanol reaction (OSRE). This reaction involves the mixture of water, ethanol and oxygen to produce mainly hydrogen, which is a rather attractive energy carrier. Spectroscopic monitoring of the process is a key tool to contribute to the understanding of: i) the dynamics on the catalyst surface, ii) the reaction mechanism and iii) the effect of the solid's properties on the catalytic process. In this sense, this document sets forth the experimental design that allows to carry out the study under operando DRIFT-MS conditions through time for the OSRE reaction. Selection criteria for parameters, materials, configuration, and experimental conditions are included, particularly optimizing the parameters of particle size and the dilution factor with KBr as well as the temperature and flow conditions for carrying out the reaction. • Clear signals of the adsorbed species in IR that do not present interference by water in the reaction atmosphere. • Simple assembly and online product detection by MS that allow to follow the change in the products of the OSRE reaction according to the temperature. • Controlled entry of gases and quantification by loop injection.

ABSTRACTSex workers have been demonstrated to have increased vulnerabilities to HIV and a high population prevalence of the disease. Despite their increased risk, sex workers have been underrepresented in molecular epidemiology studies assessing HIV in Mesoamerica. This study aims to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and phylogenetic profile of HIV-1 within a cohort of HIV-positive female sex workers (FSW) situated at the Guatemala-Mexico border. HIV viral sequences were collected from a cohort of FSW ≥18 years of age from San Marcos, Guatemala (n = 6) and compared to viral sequences collected as part of the Mesoamerican Drug Resistance Monitoring Programme to assess HIV viral diversity in Mexico and Guatemala (n = 3956). All of the FSW sampled were determined to have genetically unrelated HIV infections, suggesting multiple introductions of the virus and/or the potential existence of populations not captured by current surveillance efforts. Many reported numerous vulnerabilities that may have heightened their risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV through sex work activities. Our phylogenetic analysis indicated that national surveillance programmes may not fully capture the viral diversity among FSW and their clients within this region. Additional research is needed to fully capture HIV diversity and transmission in Mesoamerica, especially in the Guatemala-Mexico border region.

Across communities worldwide, various new psychoactive substances (NPSs) continue to emerge, which worsens the challenges to global mental health, drug rules, and public health risks, as well as combats their usage. Specifically, the vast number of NPSs that are currently available, coupled with the rate at which new ones emerge worldwide, increasingly challenges both forensic and clinical testing strategies. The well-established NPS detection techniques include immunoassays, colorimetric tests, mass spectrometric techniques, chromatographic techniques, and hyphenated types. Nonetheless, mitigating drug abuse and NPS usage is achievable through extensive community-based initiatives, with increased focus on harm reduction. Clinically validated and reliable testing of NPS from human samples, along with community-driven solution, such as harm reduction, will be of great importance, especially in combating their prevalence and the use of other illicit synthetic substances. There is a need for continued literature synthesis to reiterate the importance of NPS, given the continuous emergence of illicit substances in the recent years. All these are discussed in this overview, as we performed another look into NPS, from differentiating the major groups and identifying with laboratory testing challenges to community-based initiatives.

In multiple myeloma impressive outcomes have improved with the introduction of new therapeutic approaches, mainly those including naked monoclonal antibodies such as daratumumab and isatuximab. However, moving to earlier lines of therapy with effective anti-myeloma drugs led to an increase in the number of patients who developed multi-refractoriness to them early on. Currently, triple- or multi-refractory MM represents an unmet medical need, and their management remains a complicated challenge. The recent approval of new immunotherapeutic approaches such as conjugated monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and CAR T cells could be a turning point for these heavily pretreated patients. Nevertheless, several issues regarding their use are unsolved, such as how to select patients for each strategy or how to sequence these therapies within the MM therapeutic landscape. Here we provide an overview of the most recent data about approved conjugated monoclonal antibody belantamab, mafodotin, bispecific antibody teclistamab, and other promising compounds under development, mainly focusing on the ongoing clinical trials with monoclonal antibody combination approaches in advanced and earlier phases of MM treatment.

An analysis methodology was optimised and validated for the quantification of opium alkaloids (OAs) in ground poppy seeds. This involved ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification before analysis using a high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry detector (HPLC-MS/MS). UAE was optimised through the design of experiments with three factors and a three-level full factorial design. For SPE optimisation, a commercial material was compared with a previously synthesised material of SBA-15 silica functionalised with sulfonic groups (SBA-15-SO3−). The synthesised material demonstrated superior efficiency with only 25 mg and proved to be reusable for up to four cycles. The methodology was properly validated in terms of linearity, limits of detection and quantification, and selectivity. Matrix effects were negligible; adequate recovery values (85–100%) and inter-day and intra-day precision (≤15%) were obtained. The greenness of the method was evaluated with the AGREEprep metric scale, being more environmentally friendly compared to OA analysis methods. Finally, the method was applied to different samples of ground poppy seeds and revealed a concentration of 140 mg/kg of morphine equivalents in one of the samples, surpassing the legislatively established limits by sevenfold. This highlights the need to analyse these types of samples to mitigate potential public health issues.

The urban pattern has changed significantly in Latin American cities over the last decades. Since the 1980s, urban policies have increased the periphery land value, promoting suburbanization that restricted spaces for informal settlers. The study used Landsat imagery to analyze if urban pattern changes in Bogota, Colombia and Sao Paulo, Brazil forced informal settlements to move closer to environmental risk areas or areas with limited mobility. This research used a stratified supervised classification to locate formal and informal developments in 2000 and 2018, followed by multiple criteria evaluation to categorize environmental risk and mobility in the study area. The results revealed that segregation in the periphery of cities is not a generalized pattern in the city periphery but a localized phenomenon encouraged by urban policies.

El Museo Arqueológico Nacional ha ido atesorando a lo largo de su historia monumentos funerarios góticos de gran valor artístico y documental que expresan, a través de su iconografía, los valores y creencias de la época tardomedieval. Este estudio se centra en tres de ellos, pertenecientes a algunas mujeres de alta alcurnia que acometieron grandes proyectos funerarios para perennizar su fama y la de su linaje exhibiendo su poder.

Monkeypox, a viral zoonotic disease, has emerged as a significant global threat in recent years. This review focuses on the importance of global monitoring and rapid response to monkeypox outbreaks. The unpredictable nature of monkeypox transmissions, its potential for human-to-human spread, and its high morbidity rate underscore the necessity for proactive surveillance systems. By analyzing the existing literature, including recent outbreaks, this review highlights the critical role of global surveillance in detecting, containing, and preventing the further spread of monkeypox. It also emphasizes the need for enhanced international collaboration, data sharing, and real-time information exchange to effectively respond to monkeypox outbreaks as a global health concern. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges and opportunities of implementing robust surveillance strategies, including the use of advanced diagnostic tools and technologies. Ultimately, these findings underscore the urgency of establishing a comprehensive global monitoring framework for monkeypox, enabling early detection, prompt response, and effective control measures to protect public health worldwide.

Known genetic loci account for only a fraction of the genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors have performed a large genome-wide meta-analysis comprising 409,435 individuals to discover 6 new loci and demonstrate the efficacy of an Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score.

Metabolic plasticity is the ability of a biological system to adapt its metabolic phenotype to different environmental stressors. We used a whole-body and tissue-specific phenotypic, functional, proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic approach to systematically assess metabolic plasticity in diet-induced obese mice after a combined nutritional and exercise intervention. Although most obesity and overnutrition-related pathological features were successfully reverted, we observed a high degree of metabolic dysfunction in visceral white adipose tissue, characterized by abnormal mitochondrial morphology and functionality. Despite two sequential therapeutic interventions and an apparent global healthy phenotype, obesity triggered a cascade of events in visceral adipose tissue progressing from mitochondrial metabolic and proteostatic alterations to widespread cellular stress, which compromises its biosynthetic and recycling capacity. In humans, weight loss after bariatric surgery showed a transcriptional signature in visceral adipose tissue similar to our mouse model of obesity reversion. Overall, our data indicate that obesity prompts a lasting metabolic fingerprint that leads to a progressive breakdown of metabolic plasticity in visceral adipose tissue.

La COVID-19 persistente es una enfermedad aún muy desconocida. Sólo cuando la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) la define a finales del año 2021, es cuando empieza a tener entidad propia. Sin embargo, desde mayo de 2020, se empezaron a crear colectivos de afectados por esta nueva patología buscando explicaciones a sus síntomas persistentes. Iniciaron una colaboración con la Sociedad Española de Médicos Generales y de Familia (SEMG) para crear material didáctico y participar en una encuesta a nivel nacional. El reconocimiento de la COVID-19 persistente empezó a llegar por la exposición mediática de los propios afectados y el eco que se generó en las redes sociales, incrementando el impacto de las noticias hasta llegar a un mayor número de actores sociales. Los medios de comunicación fueron una herramienta fundamental que sirvió de altavoz a los pacientes para llegar a la comunidad médica, científica, y a la sociedad en general, para luchar por el reconocimiento, la investigación y el correcto tratamiento de su enfermedad.

Abstract Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) have been recently addressed as risk factors of conversion to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementia types in patients diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Our aim was to determine profiles based on the prominent NPS in MCI patients and to explore the predictive value of these profiles on conversion to specific types of dementia. A total of 2137 MCI patients monitored in a memory clinic were included in the study. Four NPS profiles emerged (classes), which were defined by preeminent symptoms: Irritability, Apathy, Anxiety/Depression and Asymptomatic. Irritability and Apathy were predictors of conversion to dementia (HR = 1.43 and 1.56, respectively). Anxiety/depression class showed no risk effect of conversion when compared to Asymptomatic class. Irritability class appeared as the most discriminant neuropsychiatric condition to identify non-AD converters (i.e., frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy Bodies). The findings revealed that consistent subgroups of MCI patients could be identified among comorbid basal NPS. The preeminent NPS showed to behave differentially on conversion to dementia, beyond AD. Therefore, NPS should be used as early diagnosis facilitators, and should also guide clinicians to detect patients with different illness trajectories in the progression of MCI.

Abstract Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common aggressive paediatric brain tumour and, despite the recent progress in the treatments of MB patients, there is still an urgent need of complementary or alternative therapeutic options for MB infants. Cyclin Dependent Kinase inhibitors (CDKi) are at the front-line of novel targeted treatments for multiple cancers and the CDK4/6 specific inhibitor palbociclib has been pre-clinically identified as an effective option for MB cells. Herein, we identified the pan-CDKi dinaciclib as a promising alternative to palbociclib for the suppression of MB cells proliferation. We present evidence supporting dinaciclib’s ability to inhibit MB cells in vitro proliferation at considerably lower doses than palbociclib. Sequencing data and pathway analysis suggested that dinaciclib is a potent cell death inducer in MB cells. We found that dinaciclib-triggered apoptosis is triggered by CDK9 inhibition and the resultant reduction in RNA pol II phosphorylation, which leads to the downregulation of the oncogenic marker MYC, and the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1. Specifically, we demonstrated that MCL-1 is a key apoptotic mediator for MB cells and co-treatment of dinaciclib with BH3 mimetics boosts the therapeutic efficacy of dinaciclib. Together, these findings highlight the potential of multi-CDK inhibition by dinaciclib as an alternative option to CDK4/6 specific inhibition, frequently associated with drug resistance in patients.

Abstract Long runs of homozygosity (ROH) are contiguous stretches of homozygous genotypes, which are a footprint of inbreeding and recessive inheritance. The presence of recessive loci is suggested for Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, their search has been poorly assessed to date. To investigate homozygosity in AD, here we performed a fine-scale ROH analysis using 10 independent cohorts of European ancestry (11,919 AD cases and 9181 controls.) We detected an increase of homozygosity in AD cases compared to controls [β AVROH (CI 95%) = 0.070 (0.037–0.104); P = 3.91 × 10−5; β FROH (CI95%) = 0.043 (0.009–0.076); P = 0.013]. ROHs increasing the risk of AD (OR > 1) were significantly overrepresented compared to ROHs increasing protection (p

Abstract Background The programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are immune checkpoints that suppress anti-cancer immunity. Typically, cancer cells express the PD-Ls that bind PD-1 on immune cells, inhibiting their activity. Recently, PD-1 expression has also been found in cancer cells. Here, we analysed expression and functions of PD-1 in thyroid cancer (TC). Methods PD-1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on human TC samples and by RT-PCR, western blot and FACS on TC cell lines. Proliferation and migration of TC cells in culture were assessed by BrdU incorporation and Boyden chamber assays. Biochemical studies were performed by western blot, immunoprecipitation, pull-down and phosphatase assays. TC cell tumorigenicity was assessed by xenotransplants in nude mice. Results Human TC specimens (47%), but not normal thyroids, displayed PD-1 expression in epithelial cells, which significantly correlated with tumour stage and lymph-node metastasis. PD-1 was also constitutively expressed on TC cell lines. PD-1 overexpression/stimulation promoted TC cell proliferation and migration. Accordingly, PD-1 genetic/pharmacologic inhibition caused the opposite effects. Mechanistically, PD-1 recruited the SHP2 phosphatase to the plasma membrane and potentiated its phosphatase activity. SHP2 enhanced Ras activation by dephosphorylating its inhibitory tyrosine 32, thus triggering the MAPK cascade. SHP2, BRAF and MEK were necessary for PD-1-mediated biologic functions. PD-1 inhibition decreased, while PD-1 enforced expression facilitated, TC cell xenograft growth in mice by affecting tumour cell proliferation. Conclusions PD-1 circuit blockade in TC, besides restoring anti-cancer immunity, could also directly impair TC cell growth by inhibiting the SHP2/Ras/MAPK signalling pathway.

Atropine and scopolamine belong to the tropane alkaloid (TA) family of natural toxins. They can contaminate teas and herbal teas and appear in infusions. Therefore, this study focused on analyzing atropine and scopolamine in 33 samples of tea and herbal tea infusions purchased in Spain and Portugal to determine the presence of these compounds in infusions brewed at 97 °C for 5 min. A rapid microextraction technique (µSPEed®) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) was used to analyze the selected TAs. The results showed that 64% of the analyzed samples were contaminated by one or both toxins. White and green teas were generally more contaminated than black and other herbal teas. Of the 21 contaminated samples, 15 had concentrations above the maximum limit for liquid herbal infusions (0.2 ng/mL) set by Commission Regulation (EU) 2021/1408. In addition, the effects of heating conditions (time and temperature) on atropine and scopolamine standards and naturally contaminated samples of white, green, and black teas were evaluated. The results showed that at the concentrations studied (0.2 and 4 ng/mL), there was no degradation in the standard solutions. Brewing with boiling water (decoction) for 5 and 10 min allowed for higher extraction of TAs from dry tea to infusion water.

The use of hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) is very promising for the clean-up, enrichment, and analysis of chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides and their metabolites from environmental and biological samples. An on-line methodology coupling HF-LPME (using a hydrophobic polypropylene hollow fiber of 57 cm length, 0.3 mm i.d., 0.2 μm pore size, and 75% porosity) and HPLC-UV has been developed for the analysis of these compounds in soil samples taken from environments treated with these herbicides. Di-hexyl ether was found to be the best solvent for the enrichment of the target herbicides. The use of supported liquid membranes has shown a high and efficient clean-up of the dissolved organic matter present in soil extracts. The enrichment factors achieved with the on-line methodology have allowed us to reach the detection limits of 0.1–0.3 µg·kg−1 soil, by analyzing 20 mL of alkaline extract as a donor solution and using 1 mL of stripping solution, which has permitted us to detect and follow the presence of these compounds in soil samples until nine days after the application of the herbicide. The on-line method has been applied in a preliminary study to assess the mobility of the chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides through soils. It has also been found that degradation of these compounds in soil is relatively fast and some metabolites were detected in soils just one day after the application of the herbicide. The high enrichment factors obtained with the HF-LPME procedure allow for the obtainment of low detection limits, which permits the use of a simple HPLC detector, such as UV, which simplifies and reduces the cost of analyses.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 related immunopathology may be the driving cause underlying severe COVID-19. Through an immunophenotyping analysis on paired bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood samples collected from mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19-associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS), this study aimed to evaluate the cellular immune responses in survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19. Methods: A total of 36 paired clinical samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) mononuclear cells (BALF-MC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from 18 SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University Hospital in Rome (Italy) for severe interstitial pneumonia. The frequencies of monocytes (total, classical, intermediate and non-classical) and Natural Killer (NK) cell subsets (total, CD56bright and CD56dim), as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets [naïve, central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM)], and those expressing CD38 and/or HLADR were evaluated by multiparametric flow cytometry. Results: Survivors with CARDS exhibited higher frequencies of classical monocytes in blood compared to non-survivors (p < 0.05), while no differences in the frequencies of the other monocytes, NK cell and T cell subsets were recorded between these two groups of patients (p > 0.05). The only exception was for peripheral naïve CD4+ T cells levels that were reduced in non-survivors (p = 0.04). An increase in the levels of CD56bright (p = 0.012) and a decrease in CD56dim (p = 0.002) NK cell frequencies was also observed in BALF-MC samples compared to PBMC in deceased COVID-19 patients. Total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell levels in the lung compartment were lower compared to blood (p = 0.002 and p < 0.01, respectively) among non-survivors. Moreover, CD38 and HLA-DR were differentially expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in BALF-MC and in PBMC among SARS-CoV-2-infected patients who died from COVID-19 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results show that the immune cellular profile in blood and pulmonary compartments was similar in survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19. T lymphocyte levels were reduced, but resulted highly immune-activated in the lung compartment of patients who faced a fatal outcome.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, tropane alkaloids and opium alkaloids are natural plant toxins that have recently gained special interest in food safety due to their concerning occurrence in many foods and feeds. Although a legislation for these alkaloids has recently been established, the concentration levels of these toxins in food exceed in many cases the maximum limit established by the competent authorities. Moreover, these regulations only establish maximum limits of these compounds for certain raw materials, but processed products are generally not considered. However, it is important to correctly assess the potential health risk of these alkaloids through the diet. Accordingly, this review aims to provide insight into these alkaloids and give an overview on how food processing and culinary preparation can influence their content and stability. For this purpose, the most relevant works that address the effect of heat treatment, fermentation, infusion preparation (transfer rate) and other treatments (milling, washing and soaking) on these natural toxins are reviewed. To date, this research field has been scarcely studied and many of the results published are contradictory, so it is not always possible to establish conclusive findings. In many cases, this is due to a lack of experimental design and exhaustive control of the different variables that may affect these treatments and preparations. Likewise, considering the transformation of these alkaloids into toxic degradation products it is also of high interest. Therefore, further studies are needed to delve deeper into the stability of these toxins and to understand how their content may be affected by the transformation of contaminated raw materials into processed products, so that the risk exposure of the population to these alkaloids through diet can be determined more precisely. Hence, this topic constitutes a research line of great interest for future works with many challenges to be resolved.

Intoxication due to the consumption of poppy seed teas has been reported due to their contamination with opium alkaloids (OAs). In this work, an efficient methodology based on microsolid-phase extraction (µSPEed®) followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been optimized to quantify five OAs in poppy seed teas. Nine cartridges (C4, C8, C18, silica, APS, PFAs, PS/DVB-RP, PS/DVB-SCX and PS/DVB-SAX), pH levels, cycles and elution solvents were evaluated. The method was validated and applied to study the transfer of OAs by evaluating water temperatures, infusion times and seed amounts. The highest transfer rates (71% for morphine, 96% for thebaine, and 100% for codeine, noscapine and papaverine) were achieved at 90°C, 5 min, with 4 g. These conditions were used to quantify the OAs in four teas prepared from different seeds. A high amount of morphine (1563 µg/L) was found in one tea, indicating that the seeds had a concentration twice the maximum limit, highlighting the need to warn the population of this dangerous practice.

In this paper, we describe a series of diphenylphosphane and diphenylphosphanide gold(III) and gold(III)/gold(I) complexes containing 3,5-C6Cl2F3 as aryl ligands at gold that have been synthesized due to the arylating and oxidant properties of the new polymeric thallium(III) complex [TlCl(3,5-C6Cl2F3)2]n (1). Its reaction with [Au(3,5-C6Cl2F3)(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) produces the gold(III) complex [Au(3,5-C6Cl2F3)3(tht)] (2), which allows the synthesis of the diphenylohosphane derivative [Au(3,5-C6Cl2F3)3(PPh2H)] (3). Its treatment with acetylacetonate gold(I) derivatives leads to two novel AuIII/AuI phosphanido-bridged complexes, [PPN][Au(3,5-C6Cl2F3)3(µ-PPh2)AuCl] (4) and [PPN][{(3,5-C6Cl2F3)3Au(µ-PPh2)}2Au] (5). All these complexes have been characterized, and the crystal structures of 1, 2, 4 and 5 have been established by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods, showing a novel polymeric arrangement in 1.

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment is often associated with affective and other neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). This co-occurrence might have a relevant impact on disease progression, from MCI to dementia.Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the trajectories of cognitive decline in an MCI sample from a memory clinic, taking into consideration a perspective of isolated cognitive functions and based on NPS clusters, accounting for the different comorbid symptoms collected at their baseline visit.Methods: A total of 2,137 MCI patients were monitored over a 2.4-year period. Four clusters of NPS (i.e., Irritability, Apathy, Anxiety/Depression and Asymptomatic) were used to run linear mixed models to explore the interaction of cluster with time on cognitive trajectories using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery (NBACE) administered at baseline and at the three subsequent follow-ups.Results: A significant interaction between cluster and time in cognitive decline was found when verbal learning and cued-recall were explored (p = 0.002 for both memory functions). For verbal learning, the Irritability cluster had the largest effect size (0.69), whereas the Asymptomatic cluster showed the smallest effect size (0.22). For cued-recall, the Irritability cluster had the largest effect size among groups (0.64), and Anxiety/Depression had the smallest effect size (0.21).Conclusions: In MCI patients, the Irritability and Apathy NPS clusters shared similar patterns of worsening in memory functioning, which could point to these NPS as risk factors of a faster cognitive decline, acting as early prognostic markers and helping in the diagnostic process.

# Background Minority adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors experience disparities in receipt of survivorship care. # Objective This study describes the infrastructure of a community-partnered participatory research (CPPR) project between a community-based organization and a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer center to develop culturally-tailored interventions to improve Latino AYA cancer survivor knowledge regarding their need for survivorship care. # Methods Research team participants included the community organization and NCI cancer center directors, research coordinators, a community liaison, and cross-training program interns. Through use of Jones’ theoretical framework, additional stakeholders from academic and community settings were identified and invited to participate in the research team. A process evaluation and qualitative interviews were conducted to assess equal partnership between community and academic stakeholders and determine if the infrastructure followed the five core principles of CPPR. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze qualitative data. # Conclusions CPPR between an NCI-designated cancer center and a community-based organization is a new research model for conducting minority AYA cancer survivor outreach. Open communication was critical in engaging the Latino community to discuss their survivorship needs. Community stakeholders were key to infrastructure success through fostering a cohesive partnership with and acting as the voice of the Latino community. Implementing a cross-training program promoted continued engagement of community members with academic partners. Proper infrastructure development is critical to building successful research partnerships in order to develop culturally-tailored interventions to improve survivorship care knowledge.

Abstract Background Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina is a fast and easily accessible tool for the quantification of retinal structural measurements. Multiple studies show that patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibit thinning in several retinal layers compared to age-matched controls. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been proposed as a risk factor for progression to AD. There is little data about retinal changes in preclinical AD and their correlation with amyloid-β (Aβ) uptake. Aims We investigated the association of retinal thickness quantified by OCT with Aβ accumulation and conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) over 24 months in individuals with SCD. Methods One hundred twenty-nine individuals with SCD enrolled in Fundació ACE Healthy Brain Initiative underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing, OCT scan of the retina and florbetaben (FBB) positron emission tomography (PET) at baseline (v0) and after 24 months (v2). We assessed the association of sixteen retinal thickness measurements at baseline with FBB-PET status (+/−) and global standardize uptake value ratio (SUVR) as a continuous measure at v0 and v2 and their predictive value on clinical status change (conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)) at v2. Results Mean age of the sample was 64.72 ± 7.27 years; 62.8% were females. Fifteen participants were classified as FBB-PET+ at baseline and 22 at v2. Every 1 μm of increased thickness in the inner nasal macular region conferred 8% and 6% higher probability of presenting a FBB-PET+ status at v0 (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02–1.14, p = 0.007) and v2 (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.11, p = 0.004), respectively. Inner nasal macular thickness also positively correlated with global SUVR (at v0: β = 0.23, p = 0.004; at v2: β = 0.26, p = 0.001). No retinal measurements were associated to conversion to MCI over 24 months. Conclusions Subtle retinal thickness changes in the macular region are already present in SCD and correlate with Aβ uptake.