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53. Editorial on Pregnancy and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Author

Reynolds, Rebecca M, Stock, Sarah J E, Denison, Fiona C, Maybin, Jacqueline A, and Critchley, Hilary O.D.

Subjects
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology, Pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Humans, Female, Pandemics
Abstract

This is an editorial updating evidence about COVID-19 in pregnancy. We focus on whether pregnant women are at increased risk of severe COVID-19, whether the pandemic has impacted pregnancy outcomes, and advances in our knowledge of underlying mechanisms, new treatments and vaccinations.

Published
2022
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57. Antenatal steroids: benefits, risks, and new insights.

Author

Fee, Erin L., Stock, Sarah J., and Kemp, Matthew W.

Subjects
*WOMEN judges, *PREMATURE labor, *STEROIDS, *EARLY death, *GESTATIONAL age
Abstract

Being born before 37 weeks' gestation, or preterm birth, is a leading cause of early childhood death and life-long disability. Antenatal steroids (ANS) are recommended for women judged at risk of imminent preterm delivery. The primary intent of ANS treatment is to rapidly mature the fetal lungs to reduce the risk of mortality and lasting morbidity. Despite being used clinically for some 50 years, a large number of uncertainties remain surrounding the use of ANS. In particular, the choice of agent, dose/regimen, and appropriate gestational age range for ANS therapy all remain unclear. Unresolved concerns regarding the potential risk of harms from ANS treatment, especially in light of the modest benefits seen with expanding latepreterm administration, make it increasingly important to optimize the dosing and application of this important and widely used treatment. This review will serve to summarize past data, provide an update on recent developments, and chart a way forwa rd to maximize the overall benefit of this important therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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62. Impact on emergency and elective hospital-based care in Scotland over the first 12 months of the pandemic: interrupted time-series analysis of national lockdowns

Author

Shah, Syed Ahmar, primary, Mulholland, Rachel H, additional, Wilkinson, Samantha, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Pan, Jiafeng, additional, Shi, Ting, additional, Kerr, Steven, additional, Agrawal, Uktarsh, additional, Rudan, Igor, additional, Simpson, Colin R, additional, Stock, Sarah J, additional, Macleod, John, additional, Murray, Josephine-LK, additional, McCowan, Colin, additional, Ritchie, Lewis, additional, Woolhouse, Mark, additional, and Sheikh, Aziz, additional

Published
2022
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63. Training in Ultrasound to Determine Gestational Age (TUDA): Evaluation of a Novel Education Package to Teach Ultrasound-Naive Midwives Basic Obstetric Ultrasound in Malawi

Author

Viner, Alexandra C., primary, Membe-Gadama, Gladys, additional, Whyte, Sonia, additional, Kayambo, Doris, additional, Masamba, Martha, additional, Makwakwa, Enita, additional, Lissauer, David, additional, Stock, Sarah J., additional, Norman, Jane E., additional, Reynolds, Rebecca M., additional, Magowan, Brian, additional, Freyne, Bridget, additional, and Gadama, Luis, additional

Published
2022
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68. Cohort profile: the Covid-19 in pregnancy in Scotland (COPS) dynamic cohort of pregnant women to assess effects of viral and vaccine exposures on pregnancy

Author

Stock, Sarah J., Carruthers, Jade, Denny, Cheryl, Donaghy, Jack, Goulding, Anna, Hopcroft, Lisa E.M., Hopkins, Leanne, Mulholland, Rachel, Agrawal, Utkarsh, Auyeung, Bonnie, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, McCowan, Colin, Murray, Josie, Robertson, Chris, Sheikh, Aziz, Shi, Ting, Simpson, Colin R., and Wood, Rachael

Abstract

No abstract available.

Published
2022

69. sj-pdf-1-jrs-10.1177_01410768221095239 - Supplemental material for Impact on emergency and elective hospital-based care in Scotland over the first 12 months of the pandemic: interrupted time-series analysis of national lockdowns

Author

Shah, Syed Ahmar, Mulholland, Rachel H, Wilkinson, Samantha, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Pan, Jiafeng, Shi, Ting, Kerr, Steven, Agrawal, Uktarsh, Rudan, Igor, Simpson, Colin R, Stock, Sarah J, Macleod, John, Murray, Josephine-LK, McCowan, Colin, Ritchie, Lewis, Woolhouse, Mark, and Sheikh, Aziz

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jrs-10.1177_01410768221095239 for Impact on emergency and elective hospital-based care in Scotland over the first 12 months of the pandemic: interrupted time-series analysis of national lockdowns by Syed Ahmar Shah, Rachel H Mulholland, Samantha Wilkinson, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Jiafeng Pan, Ting Shi, Steven Kerr, Uktarsh Agrawal, Igor Rudan, Colin R Simpson, Sarah J Stock, John Macleod, Josephine-LK Murray, Colin McCowan, Lewis Ritchie, Mark Woolhouse and Aziz Sheikh in Royal Society of Medicine

Published
2022
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75. Application of Federated Analytics in Health Data Research for Reducing Risks Involved in Data Sharing

Author

Eradat Oskoui, Solmaz, primary, Retford, Matthew, additional, Barnes, Rodrigo, additional, Postlethwaite, Neil, additional, Hunter, Karen J., additional, Thompson, Simon, additional, Orton, Chris, additional, Ford, D.V., additional, heys, sharon, additional, Kennedy, Julie, additional, McNerney, Cynthia, additional, Peng, Jeffrey, additional, Ghanbariadolat, Hamed, additional, Rees, Sarah, additional, Mulholland, Rachel H., additional, Sheikh, Aziz, additional, Burgner, David, additional, Brockway, Meredith Lee, additional, Azad, Meghan B., additional, Rodriguez, Natalie, additional, Zoega, Helga, additional, Stock, Sarah J., additional, Calvert, Clara, additional, Miller, Jessica, additional, Fiorentino, Nicole, additional, Racine, Amy, additional, and Haggstrom, Jonas, additional

Published
2022
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76. Pregnancy Outcomes Following Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Scotland: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Author

Stock, Sarah J., primary, Moore, Emily, additional, Calvert, Clara, additional, Carruthers, Jade, additional, Donaghy, Jack, additional, Denny, Cheryl, additional, Hillman, Sam, additional, Hopcroft, Lisa EM, additional, Hopkins, Leanne, additional, Goulding, Anna, additional, Lindsay, Laura, additional, McLaughlin, Terry, additional, Taylor, Bob, additional, Auyeung, Bonnie, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, McCowan, Colin, additional, Ritchie, Lewis D, additional, Rudan, Igor, additional, Simpson, Colin, additional, Robertson, Chris, additional, Sheikh, Aziz, additional, and Wood, Rachael, additional

Published
2022
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77. Uptake, effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in children and young people in Scotland: Protocol for early pandemic evaluation and enhanced surveillance of COVID-19 (EAVE II)

Author

Adeloye, Davies, primary, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Woolford, Lana, additional, Simpson, Colin R, additional, Shah, Syed Ahmar, additional, Agrawal, Utkarsh, additional, Richie, Lewis D, additional, Swann, Olivia V, additional, Stock, Sarah J, additional, Robertson, Chris, additional, Sheikh, Aziz, additional, and Rudan, Igor, additional

Published
2021
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81. C-STICH2: emergency cervical cerclage to prevent miscarriage and preterm birth—study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Author

Morton, Victoria Hodgetts, Hewitt, Catherine, Jones, Laura, Leighton, Lisa, Pilarski, Nicole, Molloy, Eleanor, Hinshaw, Kim, Norman, Jane, Waugh, Jason, Stock, Sarah J E, Norman, Jane Elizabeth, Thorton, Jim, Toozs Hobson, P., Johnston, Tracey, Coomarasamy, Arri, Thangaratinam, Shakila, Mol, Ben, Pajkrt, Eva, Marlow, Neil, Roberts, Tracy, Lee, Middleton, Brocklehurst, Peter, Morris, Katie, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Quality of Care, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), and Obstetrics and gynaecology

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Medicine (General), medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine (miscellaneous), Cervix Uteri, Miscarriage, law.invention, Study Protocol, R5-920, Randomized controlled trial, Pregnancy, law, Informed consent, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Cervical cerclage, Child, Contraindication, Cerclage, Cervical, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Randomised controlled trial, business.industry, Obstetrics, Infant, Newborn, Qualitative process evaluation, Preterm birth, Stillbirth, medicine.disease, Economic evaluation, Abortion, Spontaneous, Observational Studies as Topic, Premature Birth, Gestation, Female, Observational study, business
Abstract

Background Cervical cerclage is a recognised treatment to prevent late miscarriage and pre-term birth (PTB). Emergency cervical cerclage (ECC) for cervical dilatation with exposed unruptured membranes is less common and the potential benefits of cerclage are less certain. A randomised control trial is needed to accurately assess the effectiveness of ECC in preventing pregnancy loss compared to an expectant approach. Methods C-STICH2 is a multicentre randomised controlled trial in which women presenting with cervical dilatation and unruptured exposed membranes at 16 + 0 to 27 + 6 weeks gestation are randomised to ECC or expectant management. Trial design includes 18 month internal pilot with embedded qualitative process evaluation, minimal data set and a within-trial health economic analysis. Inclusion criteria are ≥16 years, singleton pregnancy, exposed membranes at the external os, gestation 16 + 0–27 + 6 weeks, and informed consent. Exclusion criteria are contraindication to cerclage, cerclage in situ or previous cerclage in this pregnancy. Randomisation occurs via an online service in a 1:1 ratio, using a minimisation algorithm to reduce chance imbalances in key prognostic variables (site, gestation and dilatation). Primary outcome is pregnancy loss; a composite including miscarriage, termination of pregnancy and perinatal mortality defined as stillbirth and neonatal death in the first week of life. Secondary outcomes include all core outcomes for PTB. Two-year development outcomes will be assessed using general health and Parent Report of Children’s Abilities-Revised (PARCA-R) questionnaires. Intended sample size is 260 participants (130 each arm) based on 60% rate of pregnancy loss in the expectant management arm and 40% in the ECC arm, with 90% power and alpha 0.05. Analysis will be by intention-to-treat. Discussion To date there has been one small trial of ECC in 23 participants which included twin and singleton pregnancies. This small trial along with the largest observational study (n = 161) found ECC to prolong pregnancy duration and reduce deliveries before 34 weeks gestation. It is important to generate high quality evidence on the effectiveness of ECC in preventing pregnancy loss, and improve understanding of the prevalence of the condition and frequency of complications associated with ECC. An adequately powered RCT will provide the highest quality evidence regarding optimum care for these women and their babies. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN12981869. Registered on 13th June 2018.

Published
2021
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82. Antenatal exposure to UV-B radiation and pre-eclampsia: a retrospective cohort study

Author

Hastie, Claire E., Mackay, Daniel F., Clemens, Tom L., Cherrie, Mark P.C., Megaw, Lauren J., Smith, Gordon C.S., Stock, Sarah J., Dibben, Chris, and Pell, Jill P.

Abstract

Background\ud Risk of preeclampsia varies by month of delivery. We tested whether this seasonal patterning may be mediated through maternal vitamin D concentration using antenatal exposure to UV‐B radiation as an instrumental variable.\ud \ud Methods and Results\ud Scottish maternity records were linked to antenatal UV‐B exposure derived from satellites between 2000 and 2010. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between UV‐B and preeclampsia, adjusting for the potential confounding effects of month of conception, child's sex, gestation, parity, and mean monthly temperature. Of the 522 896 eligible singleton deliveries, 8689 (1.66%) mothers developed preeclampsia. Total antenatal UV‐B exposure ranged from 43.18 to 101.11 kJ/m2 and was associated with reduced risk of preeclampsia with evidence of a dose‐response relationship (highest quintile of exposure: adjusted odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.44–0.72; P

Published
2021

83. Feasibility and design of a trial regarding the optimal mode of delivery for preterm birth: the CASSAVA multiple methods study

Author

Norman, Jane E, primary, Lawton, Julia, additional, Stock, Sarah J, additional, Siassakos, Dimitrios, additional, Norrie, John, additional, Hallowell, Nina, additional, Chowdhry, Sushila, additional, Hart, Ruth I, additional, Odd, David, additional, Brewin, Jane, additional, Culshaw, Lucy, additional, Lee-Davey, Caroline, additional, Tebbutt, Hannah, additional, and Whyte, Sonia, additional

Published
2021
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84. Association between multimorbidity and mortality in a cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in Scotland

Author

Agrawal, Utkarsh, primary, Azcoaga-Lorenzo, Amaya, additional, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, additional, Vasileiou, Eleftheria, additional, Henery, Paul, additional, Simpson, Colin R, additional, Stock, Sarah J, additional, Shah, Syed Ahmar, additional, Robertson, Chris, additional, Woolhouse, Mark, additional, Ritchie, Lewis D, additional, Shiekh, Aziz, additional, Harrison, Ewen M, additional, Docherty, Annemarie B, additional, and McCowan, Colin, additional

Published
2021
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85. Glucocorticoids regulate mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in fetal cardiomyocytes

Author

Ivy, Jessica R., primary, Carter, Roderic N., additional, Zhao, Jin‐Feng, additional, Buckley, Charlotte, additional, Urquijo, Helena, additional, Rog‐Zielinska, Eva A., additional, Panting, Emma, additional, Hrabalkova, Lenka, additional, Nicholson, Cara, additional, Agnew, Emma J., additional, Kemp, Matthew W., additional, Morton, Nicholas M., additional, Stock, Sarah J., additional, Wyrwoll, Caitlin, additional, Ganley, Ian G., additional, and Chapman, Karen E., additional

Published
2021
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86. A prognostic model, including quantitative fetal fibronectin, to predict preterm labour: the QUIDS meta-analysis and prospective cohort study

Author

Stock, Sarah J, primary, Horne, Margaret, additional, Bruijn, Merel, additional, White, Helen, additional, Heggie, Robert, additional, Wotherspoon, Lisa, additional, Boyd, Kathleen, additional, Aucott, Lorna, additional, Morris, Rachel K, additional, Dorling, Jon, additional, Jackson, Lesley, additional, Chandiramani, Manju, additional, David, Anna, additional, Khalil, Asma, additional, Shennan, Andrew, additional, Baaren, Gert-Jan van, additional, Hodgetts-Morton, Victoria, additional, Lavender, Tina, additional, Schuit, Ewoud, additional, Harper-Clarke, Susan, additional, Mol, Ben, additional, Riley, Richard D, additional, Norman, Jane, additional, and Norrie, John, additional

Published
2021
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87. Antenatal Exposure to UV-B Radiation and Preeclampsia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Author

Hastie, Claire E, Mackay, Daniel F, Clemens, Tom L, Cherrie, Mark PC, Megaw, Lauren J, Smith, Gordon CS, Stock, Sarah J, Dibben, Chris, Pell, Jill P, Smith, Gordon [0000-0003-2124-0997], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, Ultraviolet Rays, Incidence, seasonal variations, UV light, Protective Factors, Radiation Exposure, Risk Assessment, preeclampsia, Pre-Eclampsia, Scotland, Maternal Exposure, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Humans, Female, Seasons, environmental exposures, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Background Risk of preeclampsia varies by month of delivery. We tested whether this seasonal patterning may be mediated through maternal vitamin D concentration using antenatal exposure to UV-B radiation as an instrumental variable. Methods and Results Scottish maternity records were linked to antenatal UV-B exposure derived from satellites between 2000 and 2010. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between UV-B and preeclampsia, adjusting for the potential confounding effects of month of conception, child's sex, gestation, parity, and mean monthly temperature. Of the 522 896 eligible singleton deliveries, 8689 (1.66%) mothers developed preeclampsia. Total antenatal UV-B exposure ranged from 43.18 to 101.11 kJ/m2 and was associated with reduced risk of preeclampsia with evidence of a dose-response relationship (highest quintile of exposure: adjusted odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.44-0.72; P

Published
2021
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92. The Arabin pessary to prevent preterm birth in women with a twin pregnancy and a short cervix: the STOPPIT 2 RCT

Author

Norman, Jane E, primary, Norrie, John, additional, MacLennan, Graeme, additional, Cooper, David, additional, Whyte, Sonia, additional, Chowdhry, Sushila, additional, Cunningham-Burley, Sarah, additional, Neilson, Aileen R, additional, Mei, Xue W, additional, Smith, Joel BE, additional, Shennan, Andrew, additional, Robson, Stephen C, additional, Thornton, Steven, additional, Kilby, Mark D, additional, Marlow, Neil, additional, Stock, Sarah J, additional, Bennett, Philip R, additional, and Denton, Jane, additional

Published
2021
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93. Cohort Profile: Early Pandemic Evaluation and Enhanced Surveillance of COVID-19 (EAVE II) Database

Author

Mulholland, Rachel H, primary, Vasileiou, Eleftheria, additional, Simpson, Colin R, additional, Robertson, Chris, additional, Ritchie, Lewis D., additional, Agrawal, Utkarsh, additional, Woolhouse, Mark, additional, Murray, Josephine LK, additional, Stagg, Helen R, additional, Docherty, Annemarie B, additional, McCowan, Colin, additional, Wood, Rachael, additional, Stock, Sarah J, additional, and Sheikh, Aziz, additional

Published
2021
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94. Long-term risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Keag, Oonagh E., Norman, Jane E., and Stock, Sarah J.

Subjects
Analysis, Risk factors, Patient outcomes, Health aspects, Infant mortality -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Urinary incontinence -- Health aspects -- Patient outcomes -- Risk factors, Epidemiology -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Pregnant women -- Health aspects, Cesarean section -- Health aspects -- Patient outcomes -- Risk factors
Abstract

Author(s): Oonagh E. Keag 1, Jane E. Norman 2, Sarah J. Stock 2,3,* Introduction Rates of cesarean delivery continue to rise worldwide, with recent (2016) reported rates of 24.5% in [...], Background Cesarean birth rates continue to rise worldwide with recent (2016) reported rates of 24.5% in Western Europe, 32% in North America, and 41% in South America. The objective of this systematic review is to describe the long-term risks and benefits of cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies. The primary maternal outcome was pelvic floor dysfunction, the primary baby outcome was asthma, and the primary subsequent pregnancy outcome was perinatal death. Methods and findings Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were systematically searched for published studies in human subjects (last search 25 May 2017), supplemented by manual searches. Included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and large (more than 1,000 participants) prospective cohort studies with greater than or equal to one-year follow-up comparing outcomes of women delivering by cesarean delivery and by vaginal delivery. Two assessors screened 30,327 abstracts. Studies were graded for risk of bias by two assessors using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN) Methodology Checklist and the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-Randomized Studies. Results were pooled in fixed effects meta-analyses or in random effects models when significant heterogeneity was present (I.sup.2 [greater than or equal to] 40%). One RCT and 79 cohort studies (all from high income countries) were included, involving 29,928,274 participants. Compared to vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery was associated with decreased risk of urinary incontinence, odds ratio (OR) 0.56 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.66; n = 58,900; 8 studies) and pelvic organ prolapse (OR 0.29, 0.17 to 0.51; n = 39,208; 2 studies). Children delivered by cesarean delivery had increased risk of asthma up to the age of 12 years (OR 1.21, 1.11 to 1.32; n = 887,960; 13 studies) and obesity up to the age of 5 years (OR 1.59, 1.33 to 1.90; n = 64,113; 6 studies). Pregnancy after cesarean delivery was associated with increased risk of miscarriage (OR 1.17, 1.03 to 1.32; n = 151,412; 4 studies) and stillbirth (OR 1.27, 1.15 to 1.40; n = 703,562; 8 studies), but not perinatal mortality (OR 1.11, 0.89 to 1.39; n = 91,429; 2 studies). Pregnancy following cesarean delivery was associated with increased risk of placenta previa (OR 1.74, 1.62 to 1.87; n = 7,101,692; 10 studies), placenta accreta (OR 2.95, 1.32 to 6.60; n = 705,108; 3 studies), and placental abruption (OR 1.38, 1.27 to 1.49; n = 5,667,160; 6 studies). This is a comprehensive review adhering to a registered protocol, and guidelines for the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology were followed, but it is based on predominantly observational data, and in some meta-analyses, between-study heterogeneity is high; therefore, causation cannot be inferred and the results should be interpreted with caution. Conclusions When compared with vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery is associated with a reduced rate of urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse, but this should be weighed against the association with increased risks for fertility, future pregnancy, and long-term childhood outcomes. This information could be valuable in counselling women on mode of delivery.

Published
2018
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95. The international Perinatal Outcomes in the Pandemic (iPOP) study:Protocol

Author

Stock, Sarah J., Zoega, Helga, Brockway, Meredith, Mulholland, Rachel H., Miller, Jessica E., Been, Jasper V., Wood, Rachael, Abok, Ishaya I., Alshaikh, Belal, Ayede, Adejumoke I., Bacchini, Fabiana, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Brew, Bronwyn K., Brook, Jeffrey, Calvert, Clara, Campbell-Yeo, Marsha, Chan, Deborah, Chirombo, James, Connor, Kristin L., Daly, Mandy, Einarsdóttir, Kristjana, Fantasia, Ilaria, Franklin, Meredith, Fraser, Abigail, Håberg, Siri Eldevik, Hui, Lisa, Huicho, Luis, Magnus, Maria C., Morris, Andrew D., Nagy-Bonnard, Livia, Nassar, Natasha, Nyadanu, Sylvester Dodzi, Iyabode Olabisi, Dedeke, Palmer, Kirsten R., Pedersen, Lars Henning, Pereira, Gavin, Racine-Poon, Amy, Ranger, Manon, Rihs, Tonia, Saner, Christoph, Sheikh, Aziz, Swift, Emma M., Tooke, Lloyd, Urquia, Marcelo L., Whitehead, Clare, Yilgwan, Christopher, Rodriguez, Natalie, Burgner, David, Azad, Meghan B., Stock, Sarah J., Zoega, Helga, Brockway, Meredith, Mulholland, Rachel H., Miller, Jessica E., Been, Jasper V., Wood, Rachael, Abok, Ishaya I., Alshaikh, Belal, Ayede, Adejumoke I., Bacchini, Fabiana, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Brew, Bronwyn K., Brook, Jeffrey, Calvert, Clara, Campbell-Yeo, Marsha, Chan, Deborah, Chirombo, James, Connor, Kristin L., Daly, Mandy, Einarsdóttir, Kristjana, Fantasia, Ilaria, Franklin, Meredith, Fraser, Abigail, Håberg, Siri Eldevik, Hui, Lisa, Huicho, Luis, Magnus, Maria C., Morris, Andrew D., Nagy-Bonnard, Livia, Nassar, Natasha, Nyadanu, Sylvester Dodzi, Iyabode Olabisi, Dedeke, Palmer, Kirsten R., Pedersen, Lars Henning, Pereira, Gavin, Racine-Poon, Amy, Ranger, Manon, Rihs, Tonia, Saner, Christoph, Sheikh, Aziz, Swift, Emma M., Tooke, Lloyd, Urquia, Marcelo L., Whitehead, Clare, Yilgwan, Christopher, Rodriguez, Natalie, Burgner, David, and Azad, Meghan B.

Abstract

Preterm birth is the leading cause of infant death worldwide, but the causes of preterm birth are largely unknown. During the early COVID-19 lockdowns, dramatic reductions in preterm birth were reported; however, these trends may be offset by increases in stillbirth rates. It is important to study these trends globally as the pandemic continues, and to understand the underlying cause(s). Lockdowns have dramatically impacted maternal workload, access to healthcare, hygiene practices, and air pollution - all of which could impact perinatal outcomes and might affect pregnant women differently in different regions of the world. In the international Perinatal Outcomes in the Pandemic (iPOP) Study, we will seize the unique opportunity offered by the COVID-19 pandemic to answer urgent questions about perinatal health. In the first two study phases, we will use population-based aggregate data and standardized outcome definitions to: 1) Determine rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth and describe changes during lockdowns; and assess if these changes are consistent globally, or differ by region and income setting, 2) Determine if the magnitude of changes in adverse perinatal outcomes during lockdown are modified by regional differences in COVID-19 infection rates, lockdown stringency, adherence to lockdown measures, air quality, or other social and economic markers, obtained from publicly available datasets. We will undertake an interrupted time series analysis covering births from January 2015 through July 2020. The iPOP Study will involve at least 121 researchers in 37 countries, including obstetricians, neonatologists, epidemiologists, public health researchers, environmental scientists, and policymakers. We will leverage the most disruptive and widespread 'natural experiment' of our lifetime to make rapid discoveries about preterm birth. Whether the COVID-19 pandemic is worsening or unexpectedly improving perinatal outcomes, our research will provide

Published
2021

96. A prognostic model, including quantitative fetal fibronectin, to predict preterm labour: the QUIDS meta-analysis and prospective cohort study

Author

Epi Methoden Team 1, JC onderzoeksprogramma Methodologie, Stock, Sarah J, Horne, Margaret, Bruijn, Merel, White, Helen, Heggie, Robert, Wotherspoon, Lisa, Boyd, Kathleen, Aucott, Lorna, Morris, Rachel K, Dorling, Jon, Jackson, Lesley, Chandiramani, Manju, David, Anna, Khalil, Asma, Shennan, Andrew, Baaren, Gert-Jan van, Hodgetts-Morton, Victoria, Lavender, Tina, Schuit, Ewoud, Harper-Clarke, Susan, Mol, Ben, Riley, Richard D, Norman, Jane, Norrie, John, Epi Methoden Team 1, JC onderzoeksprogramma Methodologie, Stock, Sarah J, Horne, Margaret, Bruijn, Merel, White, Helen, Heggie, Robert, Wotherspoon, Lisa, Boyd, Kathleen, Aucott, Lorna, Morris, Rachel K, Dorling, Jon, Jackson, Lesley, Chandiramani, Manju, David, Anna, Khalil, Asma, Shennan, Andrew, Baaren, Gert-Jan van, Hodgetts-Morton, Victoria, Lavender, Tina, Schuit, Ewoud, Harper-Clarke, Susan, Mol, Ben, Riley, Richard D, Norman, Jane, and Norrie, John

Published
2021

97. Development and validation of a risk prediction model of preterm birth for women with preterm labour symptoms (the QUIDS study): A prospective cohort study and individual participant data meta-analysis

Author

Epi Methoden Team 1, JC onderzoeksprogramma Methodologie, Epi Methoden Team 4, Stock, Sarah J, Horne, Margaret, Bruijn, Merel, White, Helen, Boyd, Kathleen A, Heggie, Robert, Wotherspoon, Lisa, Aucott, Lorna, Morris, Rachel K, Dorling, Jon, Jackson, Lesley, Chandiramani, Manju, David, Anna L, Khalil, Asma, Shennan, Andrew, van Baaren, Gert-Jan, Hodgetts-Morton, Victoria, Lavender, Tina, Schuit, Ewoud, Harper-Clarke, Susan, Mol, Ben W, Riley, Richard D, Norman, Jane E, Norrie, John, Epi Methoden Team 1, JC onderzoeksprogramma Methodologie, Epi Methoden Team 4, Stock, Sarah J, Horne, Margaret, Bruijn, Merel, White, Helen, Boyd, Kathleen A, Heggie, Robert, Wotherspoon, Lisa, Aucott, Lorna, Morris, Rachel K, Dorling, Jon, Jackson, Lesley, Chandiramani, Manju, David, Anna L, Khalil, Asma, Shennan, Andrew, van Baaren, Gert-Jan, Hodgetts-Morton, Victoria, Lavender, Tina, Schuit, Ewoud, Harper-Clarke, Susan, Mol, Ben W, Riley, Richard D, Norman, Jane E, and Norrie, John

Published
2021

98. Glucocorticoids, antenatal corticosteroid therapy and fetal heart maturation

Author

Agnew, Emma J, Ivy, Jessica R, Stock, Sarah J, and Chapman, Karen E

Subjects
antenatal corticosteroid, HPA axis, steroid, preterm birth, Review, heart, programming, lung, Fetal Development, fetal origins, Fetal Heart, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1, Animals, Humans, Premature Birth, glucocorticoid, 11β-HSD, Glucocorticoids, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

Glucocorticoids are essential in mammals to mature fetal organs and tissues in order to survive after birth. Hence, antenatal glucocorticoid treatment (termed antenatal corticosteroid therapy) can be life-saving in preterm babies and is commonly used in women at risk of preterm birth. While the effects of glucocorticoids on lung maturation have been well described, the effects on the fetal heart remain less clear. Experiments in mice have shown that endogenous glucocorticoid action is required to mature the fetal heart. However, whether the potent synthetic glucocorticoids used in antenatal corticosteroid therapy have similar maturational effects on the fetal heart is less clear. Moreover, antenatal corticosteroid therapy may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Here, we present a narrative review of the evidence relating to the effects of antenatal glucocorticoid action on the fetal heart and discuss the implications for antenatal corticosteroid therapy.

Published
2018

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