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53. From People to Panthera : Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo

Author

McAloose, Denise, primary, Laverack, Melissa, additional, Wang, Leyi, additional, Killian, Mary Lea, additional, Caserta, Leonardo C., additional, Yuan, Fangfeng, additional, Mitchell, Patrick K., additional, Queen, Krista, additional, Mauldin, Matthew R., additional, Cronk, Brittany D., additional, Bartlett, Susan L., additional, Sykes, John M., additional, Zec, Stephanie, additional, Stokol, Tracy, additional, Ingerman, Karen, additional, Delaney, Martha A., additional, Fredrickson, Richard, additional, Ivančić, Marina, additional, Jenkins-Moore, Melinda, additional, Mozingo, Katie, additional, Franzen, Kerrie, additional, Bergeson, Nichole Hines, additional, Goodman, Laura, additional, Wang, Haibin, additional, Fang, Ying, additional, Olmstead, Colleen, additional, McCann, Colleen, additional, Thomas, Patrick, additional, Goodrich, Erin, additional, Elvinger, François, additional, Smith, David C., additional, Tong, Suxiang, additional, Slavinski, Sally, additional, Calle, Paul P., additional, Terio, Karen, additional, Torchetti, Mia Kim, additional, and Diel, Diego G., additional

Published
2020
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56. SARS-CoV-2 Infection And Longitudinal Fecal Screening In Malayan Tigers (Panthera tigris jacksoni), Amur Tigers (Panthera tigris altaica), And African Lions (Panthera leo krugeri) At The Bronx Zoo, New York, USA

Author

Bartlett, Susan L., primary, Diel, Diego G., additional, Wang, Leyi, additional, Zec, Stephanie, additional, Laverack, Melissa, additional, Martins, Mathias, additional, Caserta, Leonardo Cardia, additional, Killian, Mary Lea, additional, Terio, Karen, additional, Olmstead, Colleen, additional, Delaney, Martha A., additional, Stokol, Tracy, additional, Ivančić, Marina, additional, Jenkins-Moore, Melinda, additional, Ingerman, Karen, additional, Teegan, Taryn, additional, McCann, Colleen, additional, Thomas, Patrick, additional, McAloose, Denise, additional, Sykes, John M., additional, and Calle, Paul P., additional

Published
2020
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57. Multicenter flow cytometry proficiency testing of canine blood and lymph node samples

Author

Meichner, Kristina, primary, Stokol, Tracy, additional, Tarigo, Jaime, additional, Avery, Anne, additional, Burkhard, Mary J., additional, Comazzi, Stefano, additional, Fogle, Jonathan, additional, Stowe, Devorah Marks, additional, Rütgen, Barbara, additional, Seelig, Davis, additional, Wasserkrug‐Naor, Adi, additional, Vernau, William, additional, and Bienzle, Dorothee, additional

Published
2020
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67. Common bile duct obstruction palliated with common bile duct re-implantation (choledochoduodenostomy) in a cat

Author

Hayes, Galina, Devereux, Sacha, Loftus, John P., Jager, Mason, Duhamel, Gerald, and Stokol, Tracy

Subjects
surgical procedures, operative, Scientific, digestive system, digestive system diseases
Abstract

A cat was presented with complete biliary obstruction at the level of the distal common bile duct (CBD), with loss of normal architecture. The area was excised and submitted for histopathology. Concurrent cholecystitis and gall bladder necrosis necessitated cholecystectomy. The proximal CBD was preserved and re-implanted adjacent to the original duodenal papilla. The cat recovered and remained asymptomatic for 6 months. At clinical relapse a carcinoma of suspected biliary origin was confirmed, and the cat was euthanized. In situations in which the CBD lumen cannot be re-established, the pathology is limited to the distal CBD, and the gall bladder is not available for cholecystoenterostomy, CBD re-implantation may be an option to salvage and retain a functional biliary tree.

Published
2019

70. Investigating the pathogenesis of high‐serum gamma‐glutamyl transferase activity in Thoroughbred racehorses: A series of case‐control studies.

Author

Mann, Sabine, Ramsay, Joshua D., Wakshlag, Joseph J., Stokol, Tracy, Reed, Steven, and Divers, Thomas J.

Abstract

Background: High‐serum γ‐Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) activity has been associated with and thought to be a marker of maladaptation to training and possibly poor performance in racehorses, but the cause is unknown. Objectives: To investigate possible metabolic and infectious causes for the high GGT syndrome. Study design: Pilot case‐control study and nested case‐control study. Methods: The case‐control study in 2017 included 16 horses (8 cases and 8 controls with median [range] serum GGT 82 [74‐148] and 22 [19‐28] IU/L, respectively) from the same stable. In 2018, similar testing was performed in a nested case‐control study that identified 27 case (serum GGT 50 ≥ IU/L)‐control pairs from three stables for further testing. Serum liver chemistries, selenium measurements, viral PCR and metabolomics were performed. Results: No differences were found in frequency of detection of viral RNA/DNA or copy numbers for equine hepacivirus (EqHV) and parvovirus‐hepatitis (EqPV‐H) between cases and controls. Mild increases in hepatocellular injury and cholestatic markers in case vs control horses suggested a degree of liver disease in a subset of cases. Metabolomic and individual bile acid testing showed differences in cases compared with controls, including increased abundance of pyroglutamic acid and taurine‐conjugated bile acids, and reduced abundance of Vitamin B6. Selenium concentrations, although within or above the reference intervals, were also lower in case horses in both studies. Main limitations: Observational study design did not allow us to make causal inferences. Conclusions: We conclude that high GGT syndrome is likely a complex metabolic disorder and that viral hepatitis was not identified as a cause for this syndrome in this cohort of racehorses. Our results support a contribution of oxidative stress and cholestasis in its pathophysiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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79. SARS-COV-2 INFECTION AND LONGITUDINAL FECAL SCREENING IN MALAYAN TIGERS (PANTHERA TIGRIS JACKSONI), AMUR TIGERS (PANTHERA TIGRIS ALTAICA), AND AFRICAN LIONS (PANTHERA LEO KRUGERI) AT THE BRONX ZOO, NEW YORK, USA.

Author

Bartlett, Susan L., Diel, Diego G., Wang, Leyi, Zec, Stephanie, Laverack, Melissa, Martins, Mathias, Caserta, Leonardo Cardia, Killian, Mary Lea, Terio, Karen, Olmstead, Colleen, Delaney, Martha A., Stokol, Tracy, Ivančić, Marina, Jenkins-Moore, Melinda, Ingerman, Karen, Teegan, Taryn, McCann, Colleen, Thomas, Patrick, McAloose, Denise, and Sykes, John M.

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as the cause of a global pandemic in 2019–2020. In March 2020, New York City became the epicenter in the United States for the pandemic. On 27 March 2020, a Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni) at the Bronx Zoo in New York City developed a cough and wheezing with subsequent inappetence. Over the next week, an additional Malayan tiger and two Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in the same building and three lions (Panthera leo krugeri) in a separate building also became ill. The index case was anesthetized for diagnostic workup. Physical examination and bloodwork results were unremarkable. Thoracic radiography and ultrasonography revealed a bronchial pattern with peribronchial cuffing and mild lung consolidation with alveolar-interstitial syndrome, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was identified by real-time, reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) on oropharyngeal and nasal swabs and tracheal wash fluid. Cytologic examination of tracheal wash fluid revealed necrosis, and viral RNA was detected in necrotic cells by in situ hybridization, confirming virus-associated tissue damage. SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from the tracheal wash fluid of the index case, as well as the feces from one Amur tiger and one lion. Fecal viral RNA shedding was confirmed in all seven clinical cases and an asymptomatic Amur tiger. Respiratory signs abated within 1–5 days for most animals, although they persisted intermittently for 16 days in the index case. Fecal RNA shedding persisted for as long as 35 days beyond cessation of respiratory signs. This case series describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management of tigers and lions infected with SARS-CoV-2 and describes the duration of viral RNA fecal shedding in these cases. This report documents the first known natural transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to nondomestic felids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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90. Overexpression of focal adhesion kinase in vascular endothelial cells promotes angiogenesis in transgenic mice

Author

Peng, Xu, Ueda, Hiroki, Zhou, Hongming, Stokol, Tracy, Shen, Tang-Long, Alcaraz, Ana, Nagy, Tamas, Vassalli, Jean-Dominique, Guan, Jun-Lin, Peng, Xu, Ueda, Hiroki, Zhou, Hongming, Stokol, Tracy, Shen, Tang-Long, Alcaraz, Ana, Nagy, Tamas, Vassalli, Jean-Dominique, and Guan, Jun-Lin

Abstract

Objective: Focal adhesion kinase is implicated in the regulation of cell adhesion, migration, survival, and cell-cycle progression. However, the functions of focal adhesion kinase in endothelial cell (EC) in vivo remain unclear. This study aims to examine the role of FAK in EC function and angiogenesis in vivo by transgenic mice approach. Method: We generated transgenic mice which overexpressed chicken FAK in vascular endothelial cell under the control of the Tie-2 promoter and enhancer. FAK transgene was detected by RT-PCR, immunoprecipitation, and Western blot. The effect of FAK overexpression on angiogenesis was determined using skin wound healing and ischemia skeleton muscle models. Results: Expression of FAK transgene was detected in all vessel-rich tissues. Expression of FAK protein was verified by antibody specific for the exogenous chicken FAK in lung homogenates and isolated EC. In the wound-induced angiogenesis model, the number of vessels in the granulation tissue of healing wound was significantly increased in the transgenic mouse compared to that of wild-type control mice. Similarly, in the ischemia skeleton muscle model, the density of capillaries was significantly increased in the transgenic mouse. Conclusion: These results indicate that FAK may play an important role in the promotion of angiogenesis in vivo

Published
2017

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