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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jhp-10.1177_00221678231177561 for From Heroism Motivation to Civic Engagement: The Role of Self-Construals by Yuning Sun, Eric R. Igou and Elaine L. Kinsella in Journal of Humanistic Psychology

Heroism is an expression of self-actualization and a pinnacle social state that is of fundamental interest to humanistic psychology. Heroes help individuals understand the values and norms within society and prompt individuals to do what they can for those who need help. We examine the relationship between the motivation to act heroically and civic engagement and explore how self-construals offer insights into this relationship. In two studies, we found that heroism motivation was a significant and consistent predictor of civic engagement. Furthermore, we found that the association between heroism motivation and civic engagement was explained by self-construals. More specifically, we found that heroism motivation was indirectly related to civic engagement when people adopted an interdependent self-construal (but not an independent self-construal). The findings from the present research contribute to our understanding of how the motivation to behave heroically affects civic engagement and demonstrate the importance of self-construals for the link between these types of motivation and behavior.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-psp-10.1177_01461672221150238 for On Cultural Differences of Heroes: Evidence From Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures by Yuning Sun, Elaine L. Kinsella and Eric R. Igou in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Building on earlier research that examined the characteristics people associate with heroes, our research examined similarities and differences of the hero stereotype across cultures. Specifically, in Study 1 (N = 209) and Study 2 (N = 298), we investigated lay perceptions of heroes among participants from a collectivistic culture. In Study 3 (N = 586), we examined whether group membership could be determined by participants’ centrality ratings of the combined set of hero features. In Study 4 (N = 197), we tested whether the hero features that distinguish American and Chinese participants, when used to describe a target person, influence the impression that the target person is a hero. In Study 5 (N = 158) and Study 6 (N= 591), we investigated cultural differences in perceptions of different types of heroes (e.g., social, martial, civil) and the influence of individualism and collectivism on the perception of those heroes.

Using a scoping review methodology, we aim to provide a broad overview of all current evidence regarding the role of leadership in social movements.

Borehole leakage not only affects the gas drainage effect but also presents considerable risk to human security. For the research on the leakage mechanism of gas drainage borehole, the rheological and visco-elastic-plastic characteristics were considered to establish the mechanical model of coal mass around borehole, which is used to analyze the leakage mechanism and deduce the dynamic leakage model. On the basis of the real coal seam conditions, the variation rules of the stress, leakage ring, and air leakage amount were analyzed through numerical simulation, and the influence factors of air leakage amount were also investigated to provide the theoretical basis for the sealing technology. Results show that the air leakage amount of borehole is inversely proportional to the increase in supporting stress and sealing length, and directly correlated with the increase in borehole radius and softening modulus. Using theoretical analysis, we design a novel active supporting sealing technology that can use grouting material to seal the fractures to reduce the leakage channels and also provide supporting stress to prevent borehole deformation. The engineering test results indicate that the average gas concentration with the novel active supporting sealing technology is increased by 162.12% than that of traditional polyurethane sealing method. Therefore, this technology not only effectively resolves borehole leakage but also significantly improves the gas drainage effect. Keywords: Borehole leakage, Gas drainage, Leakage mechanism, Numerical simulation, Supporting stress

Generator leading phase operation can not only absorb excess reactive power under small load operation mode, but also smoothly regulate grid voltage to cope with abrupt changes in grid operation. Based on the summer small load typical operation mode of Gansu Power Grid, four calculation conditions are selected to calculate power flow, and the influence of generator leading phase operation on grid voltage and loss is simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that no matter how the active power output distribution of generators changes in the power grid, the voltage level of the power grid under small load can be significantly improved by generator leading phase operation. However, the grid loss will increase when the generator is in leading phase operation.