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The aim of the study is to conduct the validity-reliability study of mobile learning readiness scale (MLRS) developed by Cheon, Lee, Crooks, and Song (2012) in the framework of the theory of planned behavior by adapting it to Turkish. The participants determined using convenience sampling method consist of 344 pre-service science teachers studying at two different faculties of education (Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University and Kirsehir Ahi Evran University) in the spring semester of 2018-2019 in Turkey. The construct validity of the scale adapted to Turkish was carried out via the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) method. The reliability of the scale was tested by computing Cronbach's alpha (a) as internal consistency levels. It was found that the level of internal consistency value was 0.93 and sub-factors of MLRS were at a good level. In conclusion, the Turkish version of the MLRS in the framework of the theory of planned behavior consists of four main factors including attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention and three external beliefs including Attitudinal Beliefs (Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness), Normative beliefs (Instructor Readiness, Student Readiness), and Control beliefs (Perceived Self-efficacy, Learning Autonomy) as in the original model.

The primary purpose of this article is to analyze how the origin of the Cold War is represented in Turkish history textbooks for general secondary school education for the twelfth grade. The author examined three history textbooks, which are only approved by the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) for teaching the course of Contemporary Turkish and World History. This research applied content analysis, including narratives and visual interpretation of the origins of the Cold War, and also the events regarding the emergence of Soviet Bloc and Western Bloc in high school history textbooks in Turkey. Findings indicate that treatments of the origin of the Cold War in Turkish history textbooks are remarkably similar in many ways. The traditional approach of the origin of the Cold War, which depicts the Soviet Union as an aggressive power whose primary purpose was to expand Communism to the world, constitutes the dominant narrative in Turkish history textbooks. The representation of the United States is very positive. All textbooks underline that the United States played a crucial role in solving many problems in many different parts of the world to prevent the expansion of Communism.

Examine the effect of health perception on the health-seeking behaviors of nursing students. This descriptive-correlational study was made with a sample of 314 undergraduate nursing students. The Personal Introduction Form, Health Perception Scale, and Health-Seeking Behavior Scale were used to gather data. Kolmogorov Smirnov normality testing and Q-Q graphs were used to evaluate the data's normal distribution. Descriptive statistics, independent group t-tests, one-way variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis, and Pearson Correlation analysis were used. Additionally, the DunnBonferroni and Tukey tests were used. According to the students' overall health status, between the mean Accuracy sub-dimension scores, a significant difference was found (p

Abstract New selective therapeutics are needed for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the 7th most common cancer. In this study, we compared the cytotoxic effect induced by the release of pH-dependent iron nanoparticles from nitrogen-doped graphene-coated mixed iron oxide nanoparticles (FexOy/N-GN) with the cytotoxic effect of nitrogen-doped graphene (N-GN) and commercial graphene nanoflakes (GN) in Hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cells and healthy cells. The cytotoxic effect of nanocomposites (2.5–100 ug/ml) on HepG2 and healthy fibroblast (BJ) cells (12–48 h) was measured by Cell Viability assay, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. After the shortest (12 h) and longest incubation (48 h) incubation periods in HepG2 cells, IC50 values of FexOy/N-GN were calculated as 21.95 to 2.11 µg.mL−1, IC50 values of N-GN were calculated as 39.64 to 26.47 µg.mL−1 and IC50 values of GN were calculated as 49.94 to 29.94, respectively. After 48 h, FexOy/N-GN showed a selectivity index (SI) of 10.80 for HepG2/BJ cells, exceeding the SI of N-GN (1.27) by about 8.5-fold. The high cytotoxicity of FexOy/N-GN was caused by the fact that liver cancer cells have many transferrin receptors and time-dependent pH changes in their microenvironment increase iron release. This indicates the potential of FexOy/N-GN as a new selective therapeutic. Graphical abstract

Aim:Our hypothesis was that the treatment results would be superior to those of other methods in the patient group treated with a single anterior midline approach. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and radiological results of surgical methods used to treat tibial plateau fractures.Methods:This retrospective study included 60 patients who underwent tibial plateau fracture surgery between 2019 and 2021. The Schatzker fracture classification was used to analyze and compare the association between surgical incisions and clinical and radiological outcomes in terms of complication rate.Results:The study included 60 patients (35 males and 25 females). The mean age of the patients was 44.8 years. The lateral incision is almost always preferred for Schatzker type 1-2-3 fractures, whereas the midline incision is used extensively for type 4-5-6 fractures. Better clinical and radiologic results were observed in Schatzker type 1 and 3 fractures. There were no significant differences in complications between anterior midline single-incision and double-incision surgeries.Conclusion:Tibial plateau fractures require anatomical joint reduction and rigid fixation of fracture fragments. A single anterior midline incision for bicondylar plateau fractures can be safely utilized, although larger patient series studies are needed.

Economic development is an important indicator demonstrating the increases in societies’ socioeconomic welfare levels. Countries need to advance in economic, social, cultural, and political domains in order to achieve economic development. From this aspect, Türkiye is far from having a developed country profile at this moment. Accordingly, the present study aims to assess Türkiye’s development issues. For this purpose, the effects of human capital, physical capital, and economic complexity index on economic growth in Türkiye are analyzed for the period 1970-2017 using the bootstrap Fourier Granger causality in quantiles (BFGC-Q) approach recently recommended by Cheng et al. (2021). The results of the analysis indicate that human capital, physical capital, and economic complexity index have a positive causal effect on economic growth. For sustainable development, Türkiye needs foreign capital investments in a stable economic model. Furthermore, it is recommended that Türkiye should pay importance to education, science, and technology at both theoretical and practical levels, and increase the value-added and technology level in exports by diversifying its high-tech product range.

This study develops a holistic approach that underlines the effect of spatial, behavioral, and perceptional dimensions on walkability at the neighborhood scale. The study recognizes quantitatively measured tangible factors and qualitatively assessed intangible values to evaluate the level of walkability in Besiktas, Istanbul (Turkey). The research explores the independent and combined effects of physical characteristics, individual perceptions, and walking behavior on walkability. Geographic Information Systems urban analyses, space syntax analysis, and observation to establish an analytical framework for spatial and behavioral dimensions of walkability in Besiktas central district are used as a methodology. Additionally, perceptional data is gathered through an experimental approach, which involves participants walking along pre-determined routes using cartography techniques and employing “shared walks” as a mobile method. The results of study confirmed previous findings from studies that the physical, social, and typological attributes of the built environment have a significant correlation between walking behavior and the physical and social aspects of the built environment. This study provides a comprehensive walkability assessment framework, encompassing quantitative and qualitative dimensions. By incorporating spatial, behavioral, and perceptual dimensions, this approach provides an efficient and integrated analytical methodology for evaluating walkability, distinguishing itself with its originality in the field of walkability research.

Throughout history, there has been a reciprocal relationship between humans and space. Even though there are numerous spaces covered by this ongoing relationship process, it has integrated and gained value with educational venues. Mainly because they closely monitor social, cultural, technological, and economic developments and pass on knowledge to future generations, educational spaces play a crucial role in the development of individuals as well as society. It is feasible to conclude from research on educational spaces that the physical environment has a major positive or negative impact on education. To solve the issue that the current Faculty of Fine Arts at Selçuk University could not sufficiently respond to user needs physically, it was decided to construct a new Faculty of Fine Arts building. The primary goal of the study is to design the building using user-oriented techniques that promote social interaction and showcase artistic identity throughout the design phase. A qualitative research approach, based on inspection and observations, was used in the study to gather data, documents, and reports on the topic and to ensure that the architectural programming stages advanced correctly and received ongoing feedback. Studies have confirmed the results, which show that artistic education in structures that provide users with distinct experiences is different from that provided in faculty buildings with a type plan scheme. The process, which involves collaboration between stakeholders from various disciplines and necessitates coordination, is also maintained in a coordinated fashion as a consequence of the study. Because of this, it is believed that buildings with comparable features can offer direction by offering a set of data that may also be reliable for design procedures that are prearranged.

The purpose of this study is to test the relationship between seventh-grade students’ personal epistemology for science, subjective task value, and science self-efficacy, with prior achievement serving as a moderator. The mediating role of subjective task value is proposed in the prediction of the relationship between personal epistemology for science and science self-efficacy. To achieve this aim, a model that explains the relationships among the specified variables is proposed, and then this model is tested using moderated mediation techniques, controlling for the effects of gender and parental educational background variables. The study sample comprises 312 seventh-grade students, determined through stratified random sampling. The analyses confirm the mediating effect of subjective task value and reveal the moderator effect of prior achievement on the prediction of personal epistemology for science and science self-efficacy. Finally, the results of the study are compared with existing research in the field, and recommendations are provided to researchers and practitioners in science education based on these findings.

Collaboration between teachers and academics can have a sustainable impact on teachers’ professional development. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the academic counseling model (ACM) based on academic-teacher collaboration on the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of in-service teachers. The ACM consists of five steps: diagnosis, training, action, gradually decreasing, and evaluation. The seven volunteer science teachers in different seniority levels participated in the research from three secondary schools (urban, suburban, and private schools). A total of six academics, four of whom were in the counseling team and two in the support team, took part as the academic team. We collected the data with an observation form developed according to the three components of PCK. The application period was about 23 weeks. We found statistical differences in all stages of ACM, except for gradually decreasing and evaluation, according to the classroom practices of the participant teachers. Consequently, we determined that ACM significantly improved science teachers’ professional skills on PCK. In this study, we focused on teachers’ professional development, which is a sub-variable of the school variable of ACM. In future research, more comprehensive studies focusing on other sub-components will be useful to reveal the impact of the model.

This study proposes a comprehensive methodology for accurate State of Charge (SOC) estimation in lithium-ion batteries by optimizing equivalent circuit model (ECM) parameters under varying temperature conditions using the Taguchi method. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to evaluate the influence of these parameters on ECM accuracy. Experiments were conducted at −10 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C to evaluate the effects of pulse time gap, discharge pulse time, and C-rate on SOC estimation accuracy. A genetic algorithm-based multi-objective optimization technique was employed to minimize RMSE in the extended Kalman filter (EKF) SOC estimation process. The results showed that temperature significantly impacts SOC prediction, with deviations most pronounced at low (−10 °C) and high (40 °C) temperatures. When assessments are conducted for different SOC levels (SOC90, SOC50, SOC30), the key results highlight the substantial influence of pulse time gap and discharge pulse time on model accuracy. Also, it was observed that there is a significant reduction in RMSE, indicating improved performance under optimized conditions. The findings are particularly relevant for real-time applications, such as electric vehicles, where accurate SOC estimation is crucial for battery management.

Background/Objectives: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, spondylitis and psoriasis. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of central sensitization (CS) and its impact on the clinical and functional aspects of PsA. Methods: Adult patients with PsA according to the Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) criteria were included in this cross-sectional observational study. The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) was used to assess the presence of CS. The study evaluated the impact of CS on individuals by analyzing many factors including demographic information, laboratory findings, clinical features, disease activity, quality of life, severity of sleeplessness, frequency of depression and anxiety. The patients were categorized into distinct groups based on the existence and intensity of CS, and a comparative analysis was conducted on their respective outcomes. Results: A total of 103 PsA patients with a mean age of 43.2 (SD: 6.7) years and including 42 (40.8%) males were included. The mean CSI score was 45.4 (SD: 15.1), and 67 (65.1%) patients had CS. The logistic regression analysis revealed that the variables Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) exhibit considerable predictive power in relation to the outcome variable CS (p < 0.05). PASI was observed as the most important variable in predicting CS (OR 9.70 95% CI: 1.52–62.21). Conclusions: CS has demonstrable efficacy in influencing laboratory, clinical, and functional markers among individuals with PsA. When assessing pain sensitivity in these patients, it is important to take into account the presence of CS.

Epistemological beliefs and argumentation are two important themes in science education, but research on the relationship between them is scarce. We treated epistemological beliefs in our study considering the cognitivist view of personal epistemology and included the justification, source, certainty, and development dimensions. We examined students' engagement in argumentation by considering expositional comments, oppositional comments, information seeking, and co-construction of knowledge. Sixth-grade students participated in this study. We measured the students' epistemological beliefs quantitatively before and after the argumentation activity to reveal any changes in their epistemological beliefs. We then used qualitative data to reveal how the students engaged in argumentation during whole-class discussions. Finally, we proposed possible connections between students' epistemological beliefs and their engagement in argumentation. MANOVA results showed no significant change in students' epistemological beliefs. Qualitative analyses revealed that students mainly used expositional comments during argumentation. Our findings suggested that the use of expositional comments can support the justification dimension of epistemological beliefs, but overuse of exposition can hinder other epistemological beliefs. Oppositional comments can feed the certainty and development dimensions of epistemological beliefs. Information-seeking can promote both the justification and source dimensions of epistemological beliefs. Finally, the use of co-construction of knowledge can improve both the justification and development dimensions of epistemological beliefs. The discussion and implication part addresses students' epistemological beliefs, engagement in argumentation, and the connection between epistemological beliefs and argumentation.

This study aimed to determine the extent of pre-service science teachers' (PTS) process and materialistic understanding of sound concept and the role of their task value beliefs in their scientific conception of sound. With this aim, the Sound Concept Inventory Instrument (SCII) was translated and adapted to Turkish. The SCII was administered to 320 PTS from four universities across Turkey. The average percentages of correct responses of PTS to the main and subcategory questions of the SCII showed that PTS hold both materialistic and process views of sound. Moreover, the results of the regression analysis indicated that PTSs' task value belief was a significant predictor of their scientific view of sound. Based on these findings, a number of recommendations have been suggested for PTS education programs in Turkey.

In recent years livestream events have become increasingly popular, in part to cope with social isolation experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential of livestreams to mitigate the negative effects of isolation lacks empirical evidence. To address this gap, we compared the effect of watching a concert on livestream with watching a recording of the same event on viewer's social presence, enjoyment, social connectedness, and loneliness. Livestream viewing was expected to result in higher levels of enjoyment and social connectedness, and lower levels of loneliness compared to viewing the recording. The effect of concert viewing mode on viewers' experience was expected to be mediated by social presence. In line with expectations, participants reported higher social presence and enjoyment in the livestream condition compared to the recorded condition, although, participants reported similar levels of social connectedness and loneliness in both conditions. Moreover, we did not find support for social presence as a mediator. In sum, while livestreamed events can enhance feelings of social presence and be more enjoyable, further research is needed to understand whether and how this can be utilized to mitigate loneliness and lack of social connectedness.

Vitamin D possesses immunomodulatory functions and vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the rise in chronic inflammatory diseases, including asthma (Litonjua and Weiss, 2007). Vitamin D supplementation studies do not provide insight into the molecular genetic mechanisms of vitamin D-mediated immunoregulation. Here, we provide evidence for vitamin D regulation of two human chromosomal loci, Chr17q12-21.1 and Chr17q21.2, reliably associated with autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. We demonstrate increased vitamin D receptor (Vdr) expression in mouse lung CD4+ Th2 cells, differential expression of Chr17q12-21.1 and Chr17q21.2 genes in Th2 cells based on vitamin D status and identify the IL-2/Stat5 pathway as a target of vitamin D signaling. Vitamin D deficiency caused severe lung inflammation after allergen challenge in mice that was prevented by long-term prenatal vitamin D supplementation. Mechanistically, vitamin D induced the expression of the Ikzf3-encoded protein Aiolos to suppress IL-2 signaling and ameliorate cytokine production in Th2 cells. These translational findings demonstrate mechanisms for the immune protective effect of vitamin D in allergic lung inflammation with a strong molecular genetic link to the regulation of both Chr17q12-21.1 and Chr17q21.2 genes and suggest further functional studies and interventional strategies for long-term prevention of asthma and other autoimmune disorders.

The presence of endometrial stroma and/or glandular epithelium in organs other than the uterus is called endometriosis. Urinary system endometriosis is observed in approximately 1% of women with endometriosis and is most commonly seen in the bladder. A 27-year-old female patient was admitted to the urology clinic with cyclic complaints of painful and frequent urination. Ultrasonography revealed a lesion extending to the lumen of approximately 15x10 mm in the left side wall of the bladder. On cystoscopy, a suspicious area with irregular borders was observed, approximately 15 mm, at the left-posterior lateral wall of the bladder, and transurethral resection was performed. The pathological result of the patient was reported as bladder endometriosis. Although rare, bladder endometriosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in women of reproductive age with cyclic urological complaints.

Background: To investigate whether fetal adrenal gland volume (AGV) and fetal zone volume (FZV), important components of the fetal adrenal gland, differ between women who have term and preterm births, and to determine whether these two parameters can be used to predict premature birth. Methods: A total of 238 pregnant women at 24–28 weeks of gestation were included in this case-control study. The fetal AGV and FZV were ultrasonographically evaluated, and corrected AGV (cAGV) and corrected FZV (cFZV) were assessed with adjustments for estimated birth weight. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the ability of AGV, FZV, cAGV, and cFZV to predict preterm birth. Results: Ultrasound exams on 220 term fetuses and 18 preterm fetuses showed that preterm fetuses exhibited higher AGV (p = 0.039), FZV (p = 0.001), cAGV (p = 0.001), and cFVZ (p = 0.001) compared to term fetuses. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that term and preterm fetuses differ in their AGV and FZV within this study population. The data generated by 3D sonography between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation may be beneficial for predicting premature birth. However, larger prospective studies with a larger sample size of preterm births are needed to validate these findings.

In a recent position statement, the National Association of Gifted Children argued the importance of providing equitable treatment of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer and other sexual and gender minority individuals (LGBTQ+) gifted youth to help them maximize their potential. However, there are very few empirical studies focusing on the intersection of giftedness and gender identities. Little is known regarding these students' experience at, and outside of, school. Focusing on the individual process of gender identity development and self-acceptance, we interviewed nine LGBTQ+ postsecondary students in North America (aged between 19 and 29 years) who are graduates of an academically focused high school in Turkey. In particular, we studied their ways of thinking, stress coping strategies, and environmental factors that may have enabled their self-acceptance of LGBTQ+ identities. Findings of the study show that the mental health of LGBTQ+ is a function of individual factors (e.g., coping strategies), structural factors (e.g., a homophobic sociocultural environment), and the context. The findings also indicate the benefits of complexity and reflectiveness in thinking, metacognition and the ability to separate identity labels from identities, enabled by high school peer support, liberal curriculum and classroom discussions, and access to information during adolescence.

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Background The optimal treatment of symptomatic paravalvular leak (PVL) remains controversial between transcatheter closure (TC) and surgery. This large‐scale study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the long‐term outcomes of the patients who underwent reoperation or TC of PVLs. Methods and Results A total of 335 (men, 209 [62.4%]; mean age, 58.15±12.77 years) patients who underwent treatment of PVL at 3 tertiary centers between January 2002 and December 2021 were included. Echocardiographic features, procedure details, and in‐hospital or long‐term outcomes were assessed. The primary end point was defined as the all‐cause death during follow‐up. The regression models were adjusted by applying the inverse probability weighted approach to reduce treatment selection bias. The initial management strategy was TC in 171 (51%) patients and surgery in 164 (49%) cases. Three hundred cases (89.6%) had mitral PVL, and 35 (10.4%) had aortic PVL. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 52.03±10.79%. Technical (78.9 versus 76.2%; P=0.549) and procedural success (73.7 versus 65.2%; P=0.093) were similar between both groups. In both univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, the in‐hospital mortality rate in the overall population was significantly higher (15.9 versus 4.7%) in the surgery group compared with the TC group (unadjusted odds ratio, 3.13 [95% CI, 1.75–5.88]; P=0.001; and adjusted odds ratio (inverse probability‐weighted), 4.55 [95% CI, 2.27–10.0]; P

Sustainability problems such as hunger, obesity, unhealthiness, clean water, and the destruction of biological diversity in nature etc. has increased in this century. All over the world, meetings, panels and summits are arranged; researchers who are experts in the field are investigating ways to overcome these problems. Recently, especially after importance of education in sustainable development was pointed out in some reports such as Panel for Education for Sustainable Development arranged in Rio in 1992 or Thessaloniki Declaration, studies has focused on this area. To cope with these problems, in many researches it was stated that identifying the underlying causes should be first aim. However, Teachers generally acknowledge that sustainable development is abstract and difficult to conceptualize. Especially, in science education, awareness of sustainable development plays an important role. Science teachers or pre-service science teachers who will be teacher in near future should be equipped with the necessary competence through professional support to get over the difficulties. Consequently, this research focused on investigating of pre-service science teachers' beliefs on education for sustainable development and sustainable behaviors. The results of the study showed that pre-service science teachers are aware of importance of ESD and considering results of awareness stage of them, their sustainable behaviors are at good level. Additionally, it was found that relationship between their beliefs and behaviors is moderate level.