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Abstract Background Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may benefit from probiotics and prebiotics, but the effects are unclear. To determine whether probiotics and prebiotics affect children with ADHD, a systematic review was conducted. Methods The present systematic review analyzed cohort studies and randomized controlled trials that examined whether prebiotics and probiotics are associated with ADHD. Seven randomized controlled trials and two cohort studies met our inclusion criteria. Results Research on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) probiotic supplementation showed that children with ADHD had better emotional, physical, social, and school functioning, and a higher health‐related quality of life compared to the placebo group. The studies also showed that Synbiotic 2000 reduces markers of intestinal and vascular inflammation in children with ADHD, in part through increasing SCFA levels. Conclusion The use of probiotics and prebiotics as adjuvants therapy in patients with ADHD is beneficial. Further studies with longer duration, including more participants and a variety of age groups, and using various evaluation techniques such as in vivo observation are required to examine the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on ADHD.

Abstract Background Aging has been associated with a progressive loss of skeletal muscle quality, quantity and strength, which may result in a condition known as sarcopenia, leading to a decline in physical performance, loss of independence and reduced quality of life. While the cause of impaired physical functioning observed in elderly populations appears to be multifactorial, recent evidence suggests that age-associated alterations in gut microbiota could be a contributing factor. The primary objective will be to assess the effects of a dietary synbiotic formulation on sarcopenia-related functional outcomes such as handgrip strength, gait speed and physical performance within older individuals living independently. The secondary objective will be to examine associations between changes in gut microbiota composition, functional performance and lean muscle mass. Methods Seventy-four elderly (60–85 years) participants will be randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled fashion to either an intervention or control group. The intervention group (n = 37) will receive oral synbiotic formulation daily for 16 weeks. The control group (n = 37) will receive placebo. Assessments of physical performance (including Short Physical Performance Battery, handgrip strength and timed up-and-go tests) and muscle ultrasonography will be performed at 4 time points (baseline and weeks 8, 16 and 20). Likewise, body composition via bioelectric impedance analysis and blood and stool samples will be collected at each time point. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry will be performed at baseline and week 16. The primary outcomes will be between-group changes in physical performance from baseline to 16 weeks. Secondary outcomes include changes in body composition, muscle mass and architecture, fecal microbiota composition and diversity, and fecal and plasma metabolomics. Discussion Gut-modulating supplements appear to be effective in modifying gut microbiota composition in healthy older adults. However, it is unclear whether these changes translate into functional and/or health improvements. In the present study, we will investigate the effects of a synbiotic formulation on measures of physical performance, strength and muscle health in healthy older populations. Trial registration This study was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000652774) in May 2022.

Background and Aim: To combat enteric infections and antibiotic resistance in the poultry industry, researchers seek alternatives such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics as growth promoters. Synbiotics support probiotic growth through the supply of essential nutrients. The study's objectives were to assess the most effective delivery methods for synbiotics and evaluate their growth, histomorphometric, and hematological impacts on Cobb-500 broilers. Materials and Methods: Two studies, independently conducted, employed a completely randomized design. One hundred and eighty viable eggs in the first trial were assigned to three groups: Control (T1), sterile water (T2), and synbiotic in sterile water (T3). On the 21st day of hatching, hatchability, day-old body weights, and ileum samples for histomorphometric analysis were recorded. In the second trial, out of 500 viable eggs, 200 eggs were fed in ovo with synbiotics (PoultryStar® sol, Biomin Singapore Pte Ltd, Singapore) on 17.5 days and 300 were set aside without in ovo injection. The treatments were control (T1), in water synbiotic (T2), in ovo synbiotic (T3), combination of in ovo synbiotic and synbiotic in feed (T4), and synbiotic in feed only (T5). On 21 and 42 days, blood, ileum, and visceral organ samples were collected for laboratory analysis. Data on weight gain, daily feed intake, and water consumption were recorded for 42 days. Results: The initial experiment's results revealed a decrease in hatchability, slight weight increase, and significant intestinal morphological changes with the use of an in ovo synbiotic. Applying synbiotic through various methods in the second trial yielded better growth results, lower blood cholesterol, and significantly longer (p < 0.05) villi on 21 days. Conclusion: Using the in ovo method to administer synbiotics lowered hatchability. Use of synbiotics with any method or in combination enhances growth, ileum structure, dressing yield, feed efficiency, and cholesterol levels in blood. Synbiotics enhance gut health and overall performance in broilers when used through diverse approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may benefit from probiotics and prebiotics, but the effects are unclear. To determine whether probiotics and prebiotics affect children with ADHD, a systematic review was conducted. Methods: The present systematic review analyzed cohort studies and randomized controlled trials that examined whether prebiotics and probiotics are associated with ADHD. Seven randomized controlled trials and two cohort studies met our inclusion criteria. Results: Research on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) probiotic supplementation showed that children with ADHD had better emotional, physical, social, and school functioning, and a higher health‐related quality of life compared to the placebo group. The studies also showed that Synbiotic 2000 reduces markers of intestinal and vascular inflammation in children with ADHD, in part through increasing SCFA levels. Conclusion: The use of probiotics and prebiotics as adjuvants therapy in patients with ADHD is beneficial. Further studies with longer duration, including more participants and a variety of age groups, and using various evaluation techniques such as in vivo observation are required to examine the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gut microbiome-modulating agents (MMAs), including probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics, are shown to ameliorate type 1 diabetes (T1D) by restoring the microbiome from dysbiosis. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of MMAs on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and biomarkers associated with (T1D). A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, National Knowledge Infrastructure, WeiPu, and WanFang Data up to 30 November 2023. Ten randomized controlled trials (n = 630) were included, with study quality evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Random-effect models with standardized mean differences (SMDs) were utilized. MMA supplementation was associated with improvements in HbA1c (SMD = −0.52, 95% CI [−0.83, −0.20]), daily insulin usage (SMD = −0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−0.76, −0.07]), and fasting C-peptide (SMD = 0.99, 95% CI [0.17, 1.81]) but had no effects on FBG, CRP, TNF-α, IL-10, LDL, HDL, and the Shannon index. Subgroup analysis of HbA1c indicated that a long-term intervention (>3 months) might exert a more substantial effect. These findings suggest an association between MMAs and glycemic control in T1D. Further large-scale clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings with investigations on inflammation and gut microbiota composition while adjusting confounding factors such as diet, physical activity, and the dose and form of MMA intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: ADHD is widely recognized as the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Recently, the potential role of gut microbiota as an etiological factor in ADHD has gained attention. This systematic review aims to investigate the potential impact of probiotic supplements on alleviating ADHD symptoms and influencing behavior. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS were searched from inception to May 2023. Only randomized controlled trials that have suitable data of the effects of probiotics/synbiotics on children with ADHD were enrolled. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Results: Five related randomized controlled trial were evaluated in the current review. Types of interventions ranged from single/multi strain probiotics to synbiotic. The duration of intervention in all of the studies were 2 to 3 months. The assessed outcomes were very diverse and different tools were used to report the symptoms in children. Among those which used Conners' Parent Rating Scale, a decrease in the total score occurred in the probiotic group, compared to the placebo group. An improvement in both intervention and control groups was seen in one study which used ADHD-Rating Scale. Conclusion: In summary, the combined findings from the reviewed studies suggest that probiotic supplements might potentially serve as a complementary intervention for ADHD. However, given the small number of studies, limited sample sizes, and the diversity of probiotic strains, further research is needed to clarify the effects of probiotics in children with ADHD. The observed tolerability of probiotics is noteworthy as none of the studies report adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of yogurt prepared with the addition of Persian shallot and probiotic bacteria. The effect of Persian shallot on the viability of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum) was evaluated. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effects of shallot and probiotic bacteria on Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli species were investigated. The experiments were performed on days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21. The results showed that the survival of lactic acid bacteria increased significantly in the presence of shallots (p <.05). The addition of two different probiotic bacteria to the yogurt samples inhibited the pathogenic bacteria. While E. coli bacteria had a 3‐log reduction, L. monocytogenes did not grow at all in the presence of probiotic bacteria and shallots. Based on these experiments, it was concluded that the addition of shallots not only increased the survival of probiotic bacteria but also reduced the growth of food‐borne pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the addition of probiotic bacteria increased the acceptance of sensory properties of yogurt samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge among women. The present study aimed to investigate the synergistic anticandidal effect of lactobacillus cultures supplemented with plant extracts. Among 600 isolates of lactic acid bacteria, 41 isolates exhibited inhibitory activity against Candida albicans ATCC10231. Six out of 41 cell-free supernatants demonstrated the most potent antibacterial and anticandidal activities. They also inhibited the clinical isolates of C. albicans, causing VVC and non-C. albicans. The synergistic effect between Lactobacillus crispatus 84/7 and Limosilactobacillus reuteri 89/4 was demonstrated by the lowest fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI = 0.5). The synbiotic culture of bacterial combination, cultured with Jerusalem artichoke (H. tuberosus) extract, also exhibited the strongest inhibition against the tested C. albicans. Biofilm formation decreased after 12 h of incubation in the selected cell-free supernatants of this synbiotic culture. The anticandidal activity of crude extracts was lost after treatment with proteinase K and trypsin but not with heating conditions, suggesting that it may be a heat-stable substance. In conclusion, the combination of L. crispatus 84/7 and L. reuteri 89/4 with H. tuberosus may be a promising candidate for inhibiting Candida infection and biofilm formation, with the potential use as ingredients in vaginal biotherapeutic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses, including effector response to infection and surveillance of tumors. This article summarizes the current scientific evidence on the effects of supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, precancerous lesions, and various stages of cervical cancer development and treatment while also examining the underlying molecular pathways involved. Our findings indicate that a higher dietary fiber intake is associated with a reduced risk of HPV infection, while certain probiotics have shown promising results in clearing HPV-related lesions. Additionally, certain strains of probiotics, prebiotics such as inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides, and synbiotics decrease the frequency of gastrointestinal adverse effects in cervical cancer patients. These agents attain their results by modulating crucial metabolic pathways, including the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress, promoting apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and suppressing the activity of oncogenes, thus attenuating tumorigenesis. We conclude that although further human studies are necessary, robust evidence in preclinical models demonstrates that prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics play an essential role in cervical cancer, from infection to carcinogenesis and its medical treatment. Consequently, we strongly recommend conducting high-quality clinical trials using these agents as adjuvants since they have proven safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) are a species of growing interest for commercial aquaculture. Effective health monitoring is crucial to the successful growout of the species, and prophylactic and therapeutic use of chemicals and antibiotics has been the traditional strategy for promoting stock health. However, concerns about antimicrobial resistance, chemical residues in seafood products and the environment, and resultant immunosuppression have prompted the industry to identify alternative management strategies, including supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and combinations of both (synbiotics). The objectives of this study are to determine and compare hematological, plasma biochemical, and plasma protein electrophoresis data of synbiotic‐supplemented (β‐glucan and Pediococcus acidilactici) and non‐supplemented Florida pompano. Reference intervals for blood analytes are provided for both groups and for subgroups (females, males, large, and small fish) where statistically significant results exist. There are no differences between the hematological and plasma biochemistry analytes between the supplemented and control groups, except for blood urea nitrogen and carbon dioxide, indicating a possible effect of synbiotic supplementation on gill function and osmoregulation. Sex‐related and size‐related differences are observed within each of the control and supplemented groups; however, biometric measurements do not strongly correlate with blood analytes. These data represent baseline hematological and plasma biochemical data in the Florida pompano and indicate the safety of synbiotic supplementation in this commercially important species. This study serves to further the commercialization of Florida pompano by providing blood analyte reference intervals for health monitoring in the aquaculture setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nutrition & Feed Technology Journal / Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present research trial was carried out to explore the effects of supplementation of gum arabic (GA) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) alone and in synbiotic form on overall growth performance, visceral and lymphoid organs weights along with intestinal histomorphology and selected pathogenic bacteria in broiler chickens. Day-old 200 Ross male chicks were allotted to five groups each subdivided in four replicates with ten birds per replicate. Similarly, five different types of feed i.e., diet A as control while B, C, D and E having 1.5% GA, 30mg/kg BS, 1.5% GA+30mg BS and 0.75% GA+15mg/Kg BS respectively, were offered during 42 days of experimental trial. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS following CRD design and data was expressed as means along with SEM after performing Tukey's test. Results indicated significantly high feed intake, body weight gain, improved (P<0.05) FCR, livability and EPEF in group D followed by C, B and E. Same pattern of improved weight of heart, liver, gizzard, pancreas, bursa, spleen and thymus was recorded for the groups studied. Significantly higher (P<0.05) VH, lower (P<0.05) CD and higher (P<0.05) VH:CD in duodenum, jejunum and ileum were recorded in synbiotic group D followed by C, E and B. Similarly, supplementation of synbiotic in group D and Bacillus subtilis group C resulted in complete eradication of E. coli, Salmonella and C. perfringens from ileum, caecum and colon of experimental broiler chickens. It was concluded from the present findings that although prebiotic and probiotic can significantly improve the overall performance alone, the best results can be obtained from their combine synbiotic form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synbiotics, which are a combination of prebiotic and probiotic supplements, are one of the most commonly used feed additives in aquaculture. Present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary supplement of two strains of intestinal bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus pentosus from the intestinal tract of the Shabot (Tor grypus) with β-glucan on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. The fish were divided randomly into 8 treatment groups (for 60 days) containing control (group 1), 1% β-glucan (group 2), Lactobacillus plantarum (group 3), Lactobacillus pentosus (group 4), Lactobacillus plantarum + Lactobacillus pentosus (group 5), Lactobacillus plantarum with 1% β-glucan (group 6), Lactobacillus pentosus with 1% β-glucan (group 7), Lactobacillus plantarum + Lactobacillus pentosus with 1% β-glucan (group 8). After 60 days, the fish fed combination of two probiotics at equal proportion with 1% β-1,3-glucan (group 8) had higher growth performances than the other treatment groups. Digestive enzyme activities such as ALP, α-amylase, trypsin, lipase and protease in groups including probiotics and prebiotic, particularly in group 8 in parallel with growth performances, had higher than other groups. However, the enzyme activity of chemotrypsin had no significant difference between treatments. These results indicate that a combination of host-derived probiotics (L. plantarum and L. pentosus) with β-1,3-glucan has a significant potential as an important synbiotics to enhance the nutrients utilization and activity of digestive enzymes in rainbow trout juveniles; However, further research is needed to determine the proper supplement for this commercially valuable product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental factors such as stocking density can cause stress and negatively affect the physiological status and meat quality of broiler chickens. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of increased rearing density on the growth performance, stress, fear levels, meat quality and liver histopathology of broilers as well as suggesting a use of different supplementations that may be helpful to reverse such adverse effects. Three hundred sixty one day-old cobb broilers (44.0±5.24 g live-weights) were randomly distributed to 24 replicate pens to create two different stocking densities (D10 and D15 bird/m²) with the different supplementation treatments: 1) 10 birds/m²/pen (without any treatment, control, "CD10"), 2) 10 birds/m²/pen (Moringa aqueous extract treatment "MAED10"), 3) 10 birds/m²/pen (synbiotic "SynD10"), 4)15 birds/m²/pen (without any treatment control SD15 "CD15"), 5) 15 birds/m²/pen (Moringa aqueous extract treatment "MAED15"), 6) 15 birds/m²/pen (synbiotic "SynD15"). Results of the current study revealed that there was a significant increase in the overall experimental period body weight gain (P<0.01) with increasing density without affecting feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio. High stocking density resulted in significantly increased corticosterone (P>0.001), altered brain monoamines, deteriorated some carcass quality parameters and declined liver health. Additionally, it was concluded that Moringa aqueous extract (MAE) and synbiotic (Syn) supplementation have a significant effect in reversing the catastrophic effect of high stocking density (SD) with minimal effect at the lower density groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious and steadily growing health problem worldwide. Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation are expected to improve kidney function in CKD patients by altering imbalanced intestinal flora, regulating microbiota metabolites, modulating the brain-gut axis, and reducing inflammation.ObjectivesOur aim is to report the latest and largest pooled analyses and evidence updates to explore whether probiotic and synbiotic have beneficial effects on renal function and general conditions in patients with CKD.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception until 1 December 2023. Eligible literatures were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, data were extracted, and a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Measurements included renal function-related markers, inflammatory markers, uremic toxins, lipid metabolism-related markers and electrolytes levels.ResultsTwenty-one studies were included. The results showed that probiotic/synbiotic significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (standardized mean difference (SMD), −0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.41, −0.04; p = 0.02, I2 = 10%) and lowered c-reactive protein level (CRP) (SMD: −0.34; 95% CI: −0.62, −0.07; p = 0.01, I2 = 37%) in CKD patients, compared with the control group.ConclusionIn summary, probiotic/synbiotic supplementation seems to be effective in improving renal function indices and inflammation indices in CKD patients. Subgroup analyses suggested that longer-term supplementation is more favorable for CKD patients, but there is a high degree of heterogeneity in the results of partial subgroup analyses. The efficacy of probiotic/synbiotic in treating CKD needs to be supported by more evidence from large-scale clinical studies.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024526836, Unique identifier: CRD42024526836.

Synbiotics are a combination of probiotic cells and prebiotic components and this harmonious association has numerous health benefits. Conventional processing technologies use high temperatures for processing which reduces the viability and the final quality of synbiotic beverages. Sonication is a rapidly growing technology in the food processing sector and can be employed for the formulation of synbiotic beverages with improved functionalities. The cavitation events generated during the sonication result in beneficial effects like increased viability of probiotic cells, enhanced bifidogenic characteristics of prebiotic components, less processing time, and high-quality products. The sonication process does not affect the sensory attributes of synbiotic beverages however, it alters the structure of prebiotics thus increasing the access by the probiotics. These positive effects are solely dependent on the type of ultrasound process and the ultrasound operating parameters. The review aims to provide information on the technological aspects of ultrasound, a brief about synbiotics, details on the ultrasound process used for the formulation of synbiotics, the influence of ultrasound operating parameters, and a focus on the research gap.

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is a major contamination concern in eggs and risk for Salmonellosis in humans. Strains of Bacillus subtilis and yeast cell wall can be used as substitutes for antibiotic substances in feed against Salmonella in poultry. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of BacPack® (Quality Technology International, Inc., Elgin, IL, USA) Q1+1 (BPQ11), a feed additive combination of a Bacillus subtilis strain and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall, on SE cecal colonization in Lohmann LSL pullets. A control group (CON) and a test group (BPQ) were each randomly assigned 100-day-old chicks. CON was fed a corn–soybean meal-based vegetarian mash diet, and BPQ was fed the control diet supplemented with BPQ11 for the duration of the study. At 8 days of age, chicks were orally challenged with a nalidixic acid-resistant SE strain at a dose of 6.3 × 107 colony forming units (CFUs) per bird. At 7, 11, 15, and 19 days post-challenge (DPC), 25 birds per group were euthanized, and their cecal contents were collected and analyzed for SE. SE counts were 6.88, 7.98, 7.79, and 7.50 in CON and 7.18, 7.31, 6.35, and 6.30 log10 CFU/g in BPQ at 7, 11, 15, and 19 DPC, respectively. SE did not differ between CON and BPQ at 7 DPC; however, BPQ had lower (p < 0.0001) SE at 11 (−0.67), 15 (−1.45), and 19 (−1.20 log10 CFU/g) DPC. Results indicate that synbiotic BPQ11 may be a useful dietary pre-harvest tool for SE management in layer birds.

Abstract Background There are complicated mechanisms that link the disruption of the gut microbiome to the symptoms and complications of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this study, an attempt was made to assess the effects of synbiotics on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with PCOS . Methods Fifty-six women with PCOS were enrolled in a triple-blind controlled trial for 12 weeks. They were randomly assigned to receive a daily 2-gram synbiotic sachets (containing Bacillus coagulans (GBI-30), Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and fructooligosaccharide) (n = 28) or placebo (n = 28). To evaluate the impact on the HRQoL, participants were required to fill 26-Item Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (PCOSQ-26), 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) pre and post the intervention. Results Finally, statistical analyses were performed on 52 participants who finished the trial. Synbiotic supplementation improved the scores of emotional (P = 0.044), body hair (P = 0.016), weight (P = 0.033) and infertility domains (P = 0.027) of PCOSQ-26 compared to placebo group. The physical score within SF-12 also had a significant enhancement (P = 0.035). No significant improvement was seen in the PSS-10 score at the end of the trial. Conclusion This study illustrated the advantageous effects of synbiotics on the health-related quality of life in women with PCOS. Further studies are required to confirm our findings. Trial registration http://www.irct.ir : IRCT20211108053007N1; date of registration: 14/02/2023.

Abstract Introduction Preeclampsia affects a significant percentage of pregnancies which is a leading cause of premature birth. Probiotics have the potential to affect inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress, which are linked to the development of preeclampsia. The study aimed to compare the effect of synbiotic and placebo on blood pressure and pregnancy duration as primary outcomes, and other pregnancy outcomes. Methods This study comprised 128 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia and gestational ages exceeding 24 weeks who were referred to the high-risk pregnancy clinic. It was a randomized, controlled, phase III, triple-blinded clinical experiment. The intervention and control groups were distributed to the participants at random. Intervention group received one oral synbiotic capsule, and control group received placebo daily until delivery. Based on gestational age at the time of diagnosis, preeclampsia was stratificated as early (

Objectives: Background: Preeclampsia is one of the main causes of premature birth, growth restriction, and intrauterine death of fetus. Probiotics has the potential to modulate inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers that implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. The aim of the present study is to establish the impact of synbiotic supplements, comprising of probiotic and prebiotic fructooligosaccharide, in comparison to placebo, on the maternal and neonatal outcome outcomes in women afflicted with mild preeclampsia. Methods: This is a study protocol of a randomized, controlled, phase 3, triple-blind, randomized clinical trial. The classification is based on the gestational age at the time of diagnosis of mild preeclampsia (early-onset or late-onset preeclampsia). Participants will be 128 pregnant women with mild pre-eclampsia (systolic blood pressure between 140-160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure between 90-110 mm Hg, along with other preeclampsia symptoms). Participants will divide into two intervention and control groups using a 1:1 random allocation ratio randomly. They will receive one oral capsule (the concentration of 109 CFU) or placebo daily from admission until delivery. Primary outcomes included mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean gestational age from diagnosis to delivery, and mean birth weight. Also, secondary outcomes included proteinuria, serum creatinine level, the incidence of severe PE, the use of antihypertensive drugs, the rate of natural delivery, incidence of serious complications, maternal blood factors such as platelet count, and serum levels of liver enzymes such as ALT, AST, bilirubin, and LDH. Discussion: The present trial can importantly contribute to the selection of an appropriate Synbiotic supplement as safe pharmaceutical adjuvants in the treatment of pregnant women with mild preeclampsia and prevention of maternal and neonatal complications. Trial Registration: IRCT20110606006709N20. Registered on August 13, 2022.

Osteoporosis is the most common bone disorder, characterized by low bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration of the bone tissue, which increases the susceptibility to fracture. In the past decade, emerging research findings reported the implication of gut microbiota on bone health and osteoporosis pathology. Osteoporotic patients or individuals with a lower bone mineral density exhibit an alteration of the gut microbiota at several taxonomic levels. Additional reports demonstrate that gut microbiota regulates bone metabolism through the modulation of the gut function (mineral availability and absorption, gut integrity), the immune system, and the endocrine system. Thus, based on the vital role of gut microbiota on bone health, it has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of bone loss and the treatment of osteoporosis. Microbial-based functional food ingredients, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fermented foods, have been developed to alter the gut microbiota composition and function and thus, to provide benefits to the host bone health. Despite promising initial results, microbial-based therapies are still under investigation. Moreover, additional animal studies and clinical trials are needed to understand the interactions between gut microbiota and bone metabolism before further applications.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are two common chronic diseases with bidirectional relationship. Considering the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of these two diseases, the use of nutritional supplements with antioxidant properties can be useful. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of daily synbiotic supplement in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontal disease (PD) under non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial, 50 patients suffering from T2DM and periodontal disease were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups: intervention group (n = 25), where one capsule of multi-species probiotic plus 100 mg fructo-oligosaccharide supplement (500 mg in each capsule) every day is given, and control group (n = 25), which received one placebo capsule containing 500 mg wheat flour for 8 weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, the serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), the lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. All subjects received NSPT including oral health education, scaling, and root planning at the beginning of study. One month after the intervention, the second NSPT was performed. The paired-sample test was used to identify within-group differences. The independent sample t-test (crude model) and the analysis of covariance or ANCOVA (adjusted model) were used to compare the results between the two groups. RESULTS: Synbiotic supplement with NSPT significantly decreased serum levels of FBG, HbA1c, TNF-α, and IL-6 compared with the baseline values (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, LDL-C levels significantly decreased compared with the baseline value in both groups (all P < 0.05). Also, the mean changes of IL-6 were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group after the adjustment of confounding factors (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Synbiotic supplementation with NSPT may be beneficial in improving glycemic control and inflammation and decreasing LDL-C in patients with T2DM and PD.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common mycotoxin observed in cereal grains, and feed contamination poses health risks to pigs. Biological antidotes, such as synbiotics (SYNs), have garnered attention for mitigating DON toxicity. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of SYNs by comparing the blood biochemistry, histology, and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. A 4-week trial was conducted on 32 weaned piglets. After a week of diet and environmental adaptation, the pigs were divided into four groups: (1) control (CON, n = 8); (2) SYN (n = 8); (3) DON (n = 8); and (4) DON+SYN (n = 8). The SYN supplementation of weaned piglets increased the final body weight (21.71 ± 0.93 vs. 20.73 ± 0.84), average daily gain (0.38 ± 0.02 vs. 0.34 ± 0.02), and gain-to-feed ratio (0.49 ± 0.04 vs. 0.43 ± 0.02), and decreased the feed conversion ratio (2.14 ± 0.14 vs. 2.39 ± 0.13) compared to the DON group. A high dose of DON induced liver and colon fibrosis and liver and cecum apoptosis, which were alleviated by SYNs. Glucose in the DON group (84.9 ± 3.7) was significantly lower than in the control (101.3 ± 4.2). Additionally, both the DON and DON+SYN groups exhibited higher creatine (0.9 ± 0.0 and 0.9 ± 0.1) and lower cholesterol (88.3 ± 3.2 and 90.0 ± 4.8) levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, SYNs alleviated DON toxicity, indicating its potential as an antidote for specific biomarkers.

Simple Summary: A single post-hatch oral inoculation of synbiotics, along with its continued use in diets, could be a valuable technique for enhancing industry efficiency and overall outcomes. This method could potentially lead to the earlier colonization of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) with beneficial microbes and promote a more favorable gut microflora throughout the production cycle. Our results showed that hatchery and dietary synbiotic application have a potential beneficial impact on broiler intestinal immunity by regulating the innate immune response and improving feed conversion. Future research involving extended grow-out studies with a disease challenge would expand on the implications of the early application of synbiotics and provide additional insight into their potential field applications. This study investigated the effects of a synbiotic consisting of inulin, Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bifidobacterium animalis, and Lactobacillus reuteri given orally to day (d)-of-hatch (DOH) broiler chicks at the hatchery and in the feed for a 21 d period. A total of 480 Cobb male broilers were randomly divided into one of four treatments using a 2 × 2 factorial design as follows: (1) control (CTRL) group receiving a gel-only oral application on DOH at the hatchery prior to transport and a non-medicated basal corn/soybean meal starter diet; (2) hatchery synbiotic (HS) receiving an oral gel containing the synbiotic (0.5 mL/bird) at the hatchery and the basal diet; (3) CTRL + dietary synbiotic at 0.5 kg/MT (DS); and (4) HS + dietary synbiotic at 0.5 kg/MT (HSDS). On d 7 and d 21, one bird per pen (eight replicate pens/group) was euthanized, and the ileum was immediately removed for qPCR analysis. Data were subjected to a 2-way ANOVA using GLM procedure (JMP Pro17). A significant diet × hatchery interaction was observed in feed conversion ratio (FCR) from d 14 to d 21 (p = 0.013) where the HS, DS, and HSDS treatments had a significantly lower FCR compared to the CTRL. However, no significant interaction effect was observed for body weight gain (BWG) or FCR during the overall experimental period. No significant interaction was observed in mRNA abundance of the evaluated genes in the ileum on d 7 and d 21. Gel application with the synbiotic significantly reduced sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) mRNA abundance on d 7 (p = 0.035) in comparison to birds receiving gel alone. Regardless of hatchery application, dietary synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA abundance on d 7 (p = 0.013). In conclusion, these findings showed that hatchery and dietary synbiotic application could have a potential beneficial impact on broiler intestinal immunity by regulating the TLR response, a key element of innate immunity. FCR was improved from d 14 to d 21 after synbiotic application. Future research involving extended grow-out studies with a disease challenge would expand on the implications of an early application of synbiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Studies have suggested that probiotics and synbiotics can improve body weight and composition. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated mixed results. Hence, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics on body weight and composition in adults. We searched PubMed/Medline, Ovid/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane library up to April 2023 using related keywords. We included all RCTs investigating the effectiveness of probiotics and/or synbiotics supplementation on anthropometric indices and body composition among adults. Random‐effects models were applied for performing meta‐analyses. In addition, we conducted subgroup analyses and meta‐regression to explore the non‐linear and linear relationship between the length of follow‐up and the changes in each outcome. We included a total of 200 trials with 12,603 participants in the present meta‐analysis. Probiotics or synbiotics intake led to a significant decrease in body weight (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −0.91 kg; 95% CI: −1.08, −0.75; p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: −0.28 kg/m2; 95% CI: −0.36, −0.21; p < 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (WMD: −1.14 cm; 95% CI: −1.42, −0.87; p < 0.001), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) (WMD: −0.01; 95% CI: −0.01, −0.00; p < 0.001), fat mass (FM) (WMD: −0.92 kg; 95% CI: −1.05, −0.79; p < 0.001), and percentage of body fat (%BF) (WMD: −0.68%; 95% CI: −0.94, −0.42; p < 0.001) compared to controls. There was no difference in fat‐free mass (FFM) and lean body mass (LBM). Subgroup analyses indicated that probiotics or synbiotics administered as food or supplement resulted in significant changes in anthropometric indices and body composition. However, compared to controls, FM and %BF values were only reduced after probiotic consumption. Our results showed that probiotics or synbiotics have beneficial effects on body weight, central obesity, and body composition in adults and could be useful as an add on to weight loss products and medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evidence regarding the beneficial effects of probiotics/synbiotic supplementation have been revealed by several meta-analyses, however some of these studies have fielded inconsistent results and a conclusion has yet to be reached. Therefore, the aim of present umbrella meta-analyses was to assess relevant evidence and elucidate the efficacy of probiotics/synbiotic supplementation in glycemic control. A comprehensive search in four databases (Cochrane library, PubMed, Web of science and Scopus) was performed to collect relevant studies up to August 2022, the pooled effects were measured with the use of random/fix-effect model depends on the heterogeneity. A total of 47 eligible meta-analyses involving 47,720 participants were identified to evaluate the pooled effects. The overall results showed that probiotics/synbiotic supplementation delivered significant decreases in fast plasma glucose (ES = −0.408, 95% CI: −0.518, −0.298; P < 0.001; I2 = 82.996, P < 0.001), fast plasma insulin (ES = −1.165, 95% CI: −1.454, −0.876; P < 0.001; I2 = 89.629, P < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (ES = −0.539, 95% CI: −0.624, −0.454; P < 0.001; I2 = 56.716, P < 0.001), and glycosylated hemoglobin (ES = −0.186, 95% CI: −0.270, −0.102; P < 0.001; I2 = 59.647, P = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that patients with impaired glucose homeostasis might benefit the most from probiotics/synbiotic supplementation. In conclusion, current umbrella meta-analysis strongly supporting the beneficial health effects of probiotics/synbiotic supplementation in glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is a major contamination concern in eggs and risk for Salmonellosis in humans. Strains of Bacillus subtilis and yeast cell wall can be used as substitutes for antibiotic substances in feed against Salmonella in poultry. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of BacPack® (Quality Technology International, Inc., Elgin, IL, USA) Q1+1 (BPQ11), a feed additive combination of a Bacillus subtilis strain and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall, on SE cecal colonization in Lohmann LSL pullets. A control group (CON) and a test group (BPQ) were each randomly assigned 100-day-old chicks. CON was fed a corn–soybean meal-based vegetarian mash diet, and BPQ was fed the control diet supplemented with BPQ11 for the duration of the study. At 8 days of age, chicks were orally challenged with a nalidixic acid-resistant SE strain at a dose of 6.3 × 107 colony forming units (CFUs) per bird. At 7, 11, 15, and 19 days post-challenge (DPC), 25 birds per group were euthanized, and their cecal contents were collected and analyzed for SE. SE counts were 6.88, 7.98, 7.79, and 7.50 in CON and 7.18, 7.31, 6.35, and 6.30 log10 CFU/g in BPQ at 7, 11, 15, and 19 DPC, respectively. SE did not differ between CON and BPQ at 7 DPC; however, BPQ had lower (p < 0.0001) SE at 11 (−0.67), 15 (−1.45), and 19 (−1.20 log10 CFU/g) DPC. Results indicate that synbiotic BPQ11 may be a useful dietary pre-harvest tool for SE management in layer birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents literary data on the morphology and types of vaginal lactobacilli, pathological changes in the vaginal environment, as well as modern possibilities of restoring the vaginal microflora of a woman’s organism. Certain regularities regarding the connection of bacterial vaginosis with intestinal dysbiosis have been observed, which indicates a single dysbiotic process in the organism with a dominant manifestation either in the sexual or digestive system. A review of scientific publications of recent years shows the significant influence of intestinal dysbiosis, infectious and inflammatory diseases of the stomach and intestines, as well as the oral use of antibacterial drugs on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the vaginal microflora in women. It was found that an increased number of opportunistic microorganisms (85%) and a decreased number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (less than 70%) in the intestine are associated with a rise in the content of opportunistic microorganisms in the vaginal biota in women with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system. This is explained by the ability of saprophytes and opportunistic microorganisms to penetrate into the reproductive organs of women by increasing the permeability of the mucous membrane of the intestinal wall, as well as into the vascular bed, which can be observed, for example, on the background of antibiotic use. The antibiotic use in a number of cases leads to a closed circle, when the need for antibacterial therapy to eliminate one infection leads to a deepening of dysbiosis and an increased number of other pathogens. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of selective decontamination (selective elimination of pathogens) in combination with a probiotic, prebiotic or synbiotic to restore vaginal microbiocenosis. Our experience of using an oral synbiotic (1 capsule contains 5 billion colony-forming units of Lactobacillus plantarum lyophilizate pcs. 8Р-AZ, Lactobacillus fermentum pcs. 90Т-С4 and prebiotic inulin, once a day 30 minutes before meal for 7–10 days) in a complex therapy of bacterial vaginosis in non-pregnant women of reproductive age indicates faster elimination of systemic dysbiosis and restoration of normal intravaginal flora. Thus, regression of complaints and normalization of objective data was determined on average for 2.9 days versus 4.7 days in women who were not administered the drug. The obtained data show that a systemic synbiotic containing a lyophilized microbial mass of probiotic lactobacteria, products of their metabolism and inulin (prebiotic) creates an additional effect in restoring normal biocenosis and the immune mechanism of ensuring colonization resistance of the body’s mucous membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this work was to determine if whey protein isolate (WPI)-sodium alginate (SA) Maillard reaction product (MRP) and okra pectic oligosaccharide (OkPOS) can be used to entrap Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum; Lpb. plantarum) and improve its viability under environmental conditions. MRP beads were prepared by gelling the mixture of MRP, sunflower oil, and Lpb. plantarum with D-(+)-glucono-1,5-lactone and CaCl2. MRP-OkPOS beads were produced by immersing and stirring MRP beads in OkPOS solution at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%). FT-IR, XRD, and DSC analyses confirmed that MRP was produced and OkPOS contributed to the formation of a more interconnected gel structure. FT-IR and SEM analyses indicated that OkPOS coated/filled porous structure of MRP beads by forming hydrogen bonds with SA. OkPOS, added into MRP beads, provided better protection for Lpb. plantarum under simulated gastric and refrigerated conditions. Besides, Lpb. plantarum was completely released from MRP beads and MRP-OkPOS beads within 120 min of exposure to simulated colonic fluid. Based on the obtained results, MRP-OkPOS beads, especially MRP-OkPOS beads prepared with 0.3% OkPOS, are expected to improve the viability of probiotics during storage (4 °C) and effectively deliver probiotics to the colon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic inflammation plays a central role in many diseases and is, therefore, an important therapeutic target. In a scoping review, we assessed the evidence base for the anti-inflammatory effects of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics in children. Of the 1254 clinical trials published in English in Ovid Medline and Cochrane Library PubMed from January 2003 to September 2022, 29 were included in the review. In six studies of healthy children (n = 1552), one reported that fructo-oligosaccharides added to infant formula significantly reduced pro-inflammatory biomarkers, and one study of a single-strain probiotic reported both anti- and pro-inflammatory effects. No effects were seen in the remaining two single-strain studies, one multi-strain probiotic, and one synbiotic study. In 23 studies of children with diseases (n = 1550), prebiotics were tested in 3, single-strain in 16, multi-strain probiotics in 6, and synbiotics in 2 studies. Significantly reduced inflammatory biomarkers were reported in 7/10 studies of atopic/allergic conditions, 3/5 studies of autoimmune diseases, 1/2 studies of preterm infants, 1 study of overweight/obesity, 2/2 studies of severe illness, and 2/3 studies of other diseases. However, only one or two of several biomarkers were often improved; increased pro-inflammatory biomarkers occurred in five of these studies, and a probiotic increased inflammatory biomarkers in a study of newborns with congenital heart disease. The evidence base for the effects of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics on systemic inflammation in children is weak. Further research is needed to determine if anti-inflammatory effects depend on the specific pre-, pro-, and synbiotic preparations, health status, and biomarkers studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Type 2 Diabetes is intrinsically linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) via diabetic dyslipidemia, both of which remain global health concerns with annually increasing prevalence. Given the established links between gut microbiome dysbiosis and metabolic diseases, its modulation is an attractive target to ameliorate metabolic imbalances in such patients. There is a need to quantitively summarise, analyse, and describe future directions in this field. Methods: We conducted a systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression following searches in major scientific databases for clinical trials investigating the effect of pro/pre/synbiotics on lipid profile published until April 2022. Data were pooled using random‐effects meta‐analysis and reported as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). PROSPERO No. CRD42022348525. Results: Data from 47 trial comparisons across 42 studies (n = 2692) revealed that, compared to placebo/control groups, the administration of pro/pre/synbiotics was associated with statistically significant changes in total cholesterol (−9.97 mg/dL [95% CI: −15.08; −4.87], p < 0.0001), low‐density lipoprotein (−6.29 mg/dL [95% CI: −9.25; −3.33], p < 0.0001), high‐density lipoprotein (+3.21 mg/dL [95% CI: 2.20; 4.22], p < 0.0001), very‐low‐density lipoprotein (−4.52 mg/dL [95% CI: −6.36; −2.67], p < 0.0001) and triglyceride (−22.93 mg/dL [95% CI: −33.99; −11.87], p < 0.001). These results are influenced by patient characteristics such as age or baseline BMI, and intervention characteristics such as dosage and duration. Conclusions: Our study shows that adjunct supplementation with a subset of pro/pre/synbiotics ameliorates dyslipidemia in diabetic individuals and has the potential to reduce CVD risk. However, widespread inter‐study heterogeneity and the presence of several unknown confounders limit their adoption in clinical practice; future trials should be designed with these in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to recent interest in the potential of probiotics as health promoters and the impact of health and environmental concerns on eating habits, non-dairy probiotic food products are required. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of different probiotic microorganisms in peach and grape juice (PGJ) with or without the prebiotic inulin and their antimicrobial activity against the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and the juice spoilage microorganism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Firstly, the viability of seven probiotic strains was studied in PGJ with an initial concentration of 107 CFU/mL for 21 days at 4 °C and for 3 days at 37 °C. In parallel, the physicochemical effect, the antimicrobial effect and the lactic acid production in PGJ were evaluated. Secondly, the probiotic with the best viability results was selected to study its antimicrobial effect against L. monocytogenes and S. cerevisiae, as well as ethanol and acetaldehyde production by the latter. L. casei showed the highest viability and grew in both refrigerated and fermentation conditions (1 log), produced the greatest lactic acid (5.12 g/L) and demonstrated in vitro anti-Listeria activity. Although the addition of the prebiotic did not improve the viability, lactic acid production or anti-Listeria activity of the probiotics, under the conditions studied, the prebiotic potential of inulin, support the design of a synbiotic juice. Finally, although none of the probiotic, fermentation products, or postbiotics showed any antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes or S. cerevisiae, the addition of L. casei to the PGJ significantly reduced the production of S. cerevisiae metabolite ethanol (29%) and acetaldehyde (50%). L. casei might be a suitable probiotic to deliver a safe and functional PGJ, although further research should be carried out to determine the effect of the probiotic and fermentation on the nutritional profile of PGJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edible mushrooms, including wild mushrooms, are currently being investigated as natural sources to evaluate their prebiotic potential. This study aimed to evaluate the prebiotic potential of crude polysaccharides (CPSs) extracted from wild Lentinus squarrosulus UBU_LS1 and Lentinus polychrous UBU_LP2 and their application as cryoprotectants in the freeze-drying process to formulate a novel synbiotic product. Based on fruiting body morphology and molecular identification, two wild edible mushrooms named UBU_LS1 and UBU_LP2 were identified as Lentinus squarrosulus and Lentinus polychrous, respectively. L. squarrosulus UBU_LS1 and L. polychrous UBU_LP2 contained high amounts of CPS after hot water extraction. Monosaccharide component analysis showed that CPS_UBU_LS1 and CPS_UBU_LP2 were typical heteropolysaccharides. CPS_UBU_LS1 and CPS_UBU_LP2 showed hydrolysis tolerance to the simulated human gastric acidic pH solution, indicating that these CPSs are capable of reaching the lower gastrointestinal tract. Antioxidant activity determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay revealed that the CPS_UBU_LS1 and CPS_UBU_LP2 displayed greater antioxidant activity comparable with that of ascorbic acid. It was found that CPS_UBU_LS1 and CPS_UBU_LP2 have a high potential for stimulating growth in all probiotic strains. Moreover, both CPS compounds could possibly be used as cryoprotectants in freeze drying, since the viability of the selected probiotic L. fermentum 47-7 exhibited cell survival of greater than 70% after 90 days of storage at 4 °C. These results highlight that wild edible mushrooms L. squarrosulus UBU_LS1 and L. polychrous UBU_LP2 are potential natural sources of prebiotics and can be applied as cryoprotectants in the freeze-drying process. The crude polysaccharide derived from this study could also be considered as a potent antioxidative compound. Therefore, our study provides evidence to support the application of CPSs from wild edible mushrooms in synbiotic product development and in various functional foods. Finally, further evaluation of these prebiotics, including the determination of the potential rehabilitation of beneficial gut microbes in diseased individuals, is currently being conducted by our research group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, Functional food products as healthy diets have been considered extensively among consumers. Moreover, the use of particular microorganisms, for instance probiotic bacteria, offers probabilities to progress novel foods with appropriate shelf life. In the current research, in order to produce a functional ultrafiltrated (UF)-cheese, demineralized UF-whey powder (DUWP) at the levels of 0, 1 and 2%, and lactulose powder at the levels of 0 and 1% were used. Furthermore, bifidobacterium bifidum was used as probiotic bacteria. The textural characteristics in terms of hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness and sensorial propertis of the symbiotic cheese samples including odor, color, texture and taste were evaluated during 60 days of storage period at 4 ◦C. Results showed that addition of DUWP and lactulose powders except for adhesiveness and springiness caused significant decrease in all textural parameters (P<0.001). Besides, except for adhesiveness and cohesiveness, the mean values of textural parameters usually enhanced up to middle of the storage time and thereafter decreased up to end of storage period (p<0.05). Sensory results revealed that although addition of both DUWP and lactulose powders resulted in lower sensory scores, no significant differences were found between control (without DUWP and lactulose) and sample containing 1% of each both mentioned powders (P>0.05). Therefore, based on the obtained results, sample having 1% of DUWP and 1% of lactulose determined as the best symbiotic UF-cheese sample. Since the potential contribution of this product in community health promotion and reduction of diseases risk, the production and consumption of this functional cheese is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the increasing need for functional ingredients, research on functional polysaccharides such as inulin continous to be explored from local plants. This study aimed to develop a method to obtain a high yield of Beneng tuber's inulin by extracting inulin with varying concentrations of ethanol (30 %, 40 %, 50 %, and 96 %), determining inulin content, and elucidating the structure. Moreover, the resulting inulin was applied in yogurt making. The study found that the highest yield of inulin was obtained at 50 % ethanol concentration, by 19.641 %, with solubility at 100 °C of 32.355 %, moisture content of 8.521 %, purity of 66.205 %, and reducing sugar content of 0.698 ppm. The structure analysis by FTIR confirmed the presence of an inulin-type fructan that is the same as commercial inulin. The XRD diffractograms showed diffraction peaks characteristic of 29 % crystallinity. The inulin was applied to yogurt resulting in the highest viability of lactic acid bacteria (3.05 × 1010 CFU/mL) by adding 7 % inulin. The organoleptic properties of treatment with 7 % inulin have the best result for all parameters with pH of 4, protein 3.79 %, fat 2.31 %, water 87.06 %, carbohydrate 6.23 %, and ash 0.71 %

This study examined the effect of adding soybean meal extract (SME) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on protein digestibility and performance of broiler chickens. The material used was 8-day-old Cobb CP 707 strain broilers with a body weight of 137.89 ± 3.7 g. This study used a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replicates, with each replicate of 8 birds. The treatments were T0: basal diet (control), T1: basal diet + LP 1.2%, T2: basal diet + SME 0.15%, T3: basal diet + SME 0.30%, T4: basal diet + SME 0.15% + LP 1.2%, T5: basal ration + SME 0.30% + LP 1.2%. Parameters measured were the performance of broiler chickens, lactic acid bacteria population, Escherichia coli population, intestinal pH, protein consumption, protein digestibility, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the addition of SME and Lactobacillus plantarum in the ration had a significant effect (P

Recently, there is growing usage of prebiotics and probiotics as dietary supplements due to their purported health benefits. AG1® (AG1) is a novel foundational nutrition supplement which contains vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, wholefood concentrates, adaptogens, and functional mushrooms. AG1 could be classified as a synbiotic because it contains traditional and non-traditional prebiotics (e.g., inulin and phytonutrients) as well as lactic-acid-producing probiotics. The purpose of this study was to employ the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) model, which measures various aspects of gastrointestinal fermentation, to investigate the synbiotic effects of AG1. The SHIME experiment quantified gas production, changes in pH, and byproducts of carbohydrate and protein fermentation at baseline, 1, 24, and 48 h following the administration of AG1 or a blank control. The results indicated that AG1 significantly increased (p < 0.05; 41.9% increase) the production of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetate (p = 0.001; 49.0% increase) and propionate (p < 0.001; 70.8% increase). Regarding non-carbohydrate fermentation byproducts, AG1 produced a small but significant increase in ammonium production (p = 0.02; 5.1% increase) but did not promote significant branched-chain SCFA production. These data suggest fermentation occurred in a transplanted human colonic microbiota and these processes were enhanced by the AG1 nutritional supplement. Ultimately, AG1 showed preclinical evidence as a synbiotic given the significant increases in total SCFA production, acetate, propionate, and other metabolic byproducts of fermentation.

Background. At present, the priority direction of medical science and practice is the prevention of dental diseases, especially in patients with somatic pathology. Patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy develop a complex of neurological disorders, accompanied by impaired motor functions of hands, lips and chewing muscles, which leads to ineffective cleansing of the oral cavity from food residues and formation of soft and mineralized dental deposits on the dental surface. Therefore, these patients should use additional personal hygiene products.Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of hygienic care in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy using mouthwash with synbiotic complex.Methods. An observational clinical study was conducted on the basis of Neurology Unit No. 2 of Research Center of Neurology, Department of Cariology and Endodontics and Department of Biological Chemistry, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University. The study enrolled 82 patients aged from 45 to 74 years with cerebrovascular disease, dyscirculatory encephalopathy, decompensation (I68.7, according to ICD-10). Patients were divided into two study groups: group 1 (n = 44) — patients who used mouthwash with synbiotic complex; group 2 (n = 38) — patients who did not use mouthwash. The efficacy of mouthwash with synbiotic complex was assessed by using an index score of a simplified Greene Vermillion Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Russell Periodontal Index (PI), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI), and physicochemical parameters of the oral fluid. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Stat Plus 7 (Analyst Soft Inc., USA).Results. The comparative analysis proved the efficacy of mouthwash with synbiotic complex. The hygienic status improved to (1.50 ± 0.12) points, the state of periodontal tissues — to (PI = (1.94 ± 1.45) points; PBI = (1.12 ± 0.11) points). The hydrogen index (pH) of the oral fluid decreased to weakly alkaline values — (7.92 ± 0.22) points; the activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased by a factor of 1.4, lactate dehydrogenase — by half, aminotransferases — by a factor of 1.3, and D-dimer — by a factor of 1.2.Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate the efficacy of mouthwash as an additional means for personal hygiene. Mouthwash with synbiotic complex should be included in the daily oral hygiene care for patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy.

Abstract The response surface technique was applied to produce synbiotic yogurt containing Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and aloe vera gel (AVG) with high functionality (antioxidant and antimicrobial characters), superior physicochemical properties, and desirable sensory attributes. The experiments were planned around a central composite design (CCD) with two independent variables: AVG concentration (0–5%, w/w) and storage time (1–28 days). The AVG concentration and storage time significantly improved the viability of L. rhamnosus up to 7.9 cfu/g during the shelf life which is a practical limit for a probiotic. It enhanced the yogurt’s antioxidant and antipathogenic activity, proteolytic content, water-holding capacity, and sensory aspects. High concentrations of AVG reduced the yogurt’s desirable textural aspects (hardness and gumminess) except for firmness and adhesiveness and to some degree the sensory properties as well. The results showed that adding 5% AVG to probiotic yogurt produced a functional food with 68% desirability that retained its beneficial properties for at least 14 days under refrigerated storage. Graphical Abstract