Search

Laser processing on a silicon plate was observed. A free running flashlamp pumped Ti:sapphire laser was used. A pair of PIN detectors was useful for the detection of penetration. The photographs of keyhole were taken by laser microscopy.

Previously, we reported a silicon torsional resonant mirror driven by a PZT plate through link beam leverage effects and confirmed the device operation. Our device is mechanically reliable and stable since there are no metal leads on the vibrating silicon torsional beams and the mirror is supported by 6 beams. We present an improved device having much higher performance through both design and process optimization based on detailed FEM simulations and refinement of the fabrication process.

In high frequency transmission, crosstalk toward neighbor lines increases because of the strong behavior of electric and magnetic field. In this paper, we present a new transmission structure especially focused on the bus between CPU and memory for high frequency range. And we confirm the superiority of new structure through measurement and simulation study in terms of electromagnetic field analysis.

This paper describes performance measurements made on a 4 K Gifford-McMahon (GM) refrigerator that incorporates a magnetic regenerator material. The method used to achieve high efficiency was optimization of the pressure ratio. Three types of cold heads were tested: Type #1 with a 32-mm inner diameter of the second stage cylinder, Type #2 with an inner diameter of 40 mm, and Type #3 with an inner diameter of 56 mm. The second stage regenerator materials were HoCu 2 , Er 3 Ni,and lead. The pressure ratio was changed by using several types of compressors and regulating the opening of a bypass valve that was connected between the intake and exhaust gas lines from the compressor. The compressor work was estimated by measuring the intake and exhaust pressure and mass flow rate. The highest measured Coefficient of Performance (COP) at 4.2 K was 4.29×10 −4 for Type #1, 4.59×10 −4 for Type #2, and 5.95×10 −4 for Type #3; these were obtained at pressure ratios of 2.21, 2.38 and 2.23, respectively. At these pressure ratios, the cooling power at 4.2 K was 0.335 W, 1.01 W, and 1.99 W, and the compressor work was 0.78 kW, 2.20 kW, and 3.34 kW, respectively. A maximum cooling power of 3.68 W was obtained at 4.2 K using the Type #3 cold head at a high pressure ratio of 3.25, and a power of 7.99 kW.

Summary form only given. Periodically-poled LiNbO/sub 3/ (PPLN) has been widely used for quasi-phase-matched (QPM) nonlinear optical frequency conversion because of its large nonlinear coefficient, high optical quality, and its availability as a large diameter wafer. Here we demonstrate that diffusion-bonding of both the PPLN and single domain LN wafers is also an effective way to increase the effective aperture of PPLN. The diffusion-bonded PPLN was used for a QPM-OPO, and 2.35 mJ signal energy at 1.6 /spl mu/m was obtained with a high conversion efficiency (=38% slope efficiency) and good beam quality.

A 39-yr-old Japanese man underwent living related kidney transplantation. Because the graft was ABO-incompatible, he was treated with double filtration plasmapheresis before transplantation and his immunosuppressive therapy was stronger than usual. However, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, accompanied by cellular crescents and necrotizing lesions, developed after 18 months. To our knowledge, the association of IgA nephropathy with ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation has not been reported previously.

Publisher Summary Three analytical models—soil-fixation model, soil-spring model, and soil-meshing model—are prepared to grasp seismic behavior considering the effect of base and ground, and to compare the behavior of piers considering soil-structure interaction. The steel bridge pier is modeled by a single-degree-of-freedom system with a concentrated mass at the top of the pier. In the soil-meshing model, the size of the foundation area considered is 60 m horizontally and 20 m vertically. Earthquake motions, used for the Ground Type II, are Level 2 Type II earthquake motions. These earthquake motions are assumed to be input in the ground surface level. Then, earthquake motion at a certain depth must be estimated in the soil-meshing model. For this purpose, necessary earthquake motion is estimated by using a program, SHAKE. The equivalent elastic shear modulus and damping coefficient obtained from the analysis using the SHAKE are used in the soil-meshing model. In order to observe the response difference affected by natural period of bridge pier, a parametric study on slenderness ratio parameter is carried out. For piers with the same natural period, maximum and residual response displacement of the soil-spring model, are almost the same to those of the soil-fixation model.

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with an elastoplastic large deformation analysis of unstiffened plates subjected to a pure shear loading. An analytical model, on which all edges are simply supported for out-of-plane displacements, but kept straight for in-plane displacements, is developed. In this model, the lower edge is constrained and an in-plane horizontal displacement is specified on all nodes of the upper edge in order to introduce a shear deformation. Rotations about y- and z-axes on these two edges are restrained. Two unloaded edges are constrained to model the infinitely rigid bar by introducing a Multipoint constraint (MPC) boundary condition. The distribution of residual stresses assumed is a pattern, typical of an edge-welded plate, i.e., an ideal rectangular pattern, as might conceivably be induced by welding along the simply supported unloaded edge. The ductility of unstiffened plates is influenced by the width-thickness ratio and an approximated equation that is a lower bound curve covering. The effect of loading history was proposed to determine failure strains of unstiffened plates used as web plates in flame structures constructed in seismic areas.

A case of renal malignant lymphoma is reported. A 74-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on September 8, 1995, complainning of right flank pain, abdominal mass, and anorexia for two months. Physical examination revealed an enlarged right axillary lymph node and abdominal mass of child's head size. Computerized tomography showed a tumor (11 x 7 cm) encompassing the right kidney parenchym, and enlarged paraaprtoc lymph nodes with invasion of the left iliac creat. Transcutaneous echo-guided needle biopsy revealed that the tumor was non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma, diffuse large cell type, positive for B cell marker. The patient was treated with full dose of CHOP regimen. However, adriamycin was replaced with pirarubicin and the dose of the other drugs were reduced for the subsequent 4 courses because of severe leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, and alopecia after the first course of the treatment. The patient showed complete remission and discharged on March 12, 1996. He, after 17 months, has no signs of recurrence. We reviewed 43 Japanese cases previously reported as renal malignant lymphoma. It is increasing in Japan especially in elderly. The 2-year survival is 26.6%.

(PURPOSE). To determine the efficacy of extraperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for patients with adrenal tumor, the clinical results of 9 patients treated with this procedure were analysed. (PATIENT AND METHOD). Between July 1994 and March 1995, we have performed extraperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy using the modified Gaur technique of balloon dilatation of the retroperitoneum in 4 men and 5 women with unilaterla small adrenal tumor who were 30 to 79 years old (mean age 56 years). Preoperative diagnosis was primary aldosteronism in 2, 18-hydroxycorticosterone producing adnoma in 1, pre-Cushing syndrome in 5, and nonfunctioning adrenal tumor in 1 patient. The operations were performed with the patients on lateral position and 4 torocars were positioned. The retroperitoneal space was first dissected bluntly by the index finger and a balloon dissector through a small skin incision, and the retroperitoneal space was insufflated with carbon dioxide at the pressure of 10 to 12 mmHg. After the dissection of the adrenal gland, adrenal vein was clipped and transected. The completely freed adrenal gland was enclosed in an entrapment sack and removed en bloc through the open laparoscopy wound. (RESULTS). All 9 procedures were successfully performed. The mean estimated blood loss and the mean operating time were 53 ml and 168 min respectively. There was no intraoperative complication. A postoperative retroperitoneal hematoma was observed in one patient, however it spontaneously resolved without surgical management. (CONCLUSION). In open adrenalectomy, the benefit of the extraperitoneal approach (excluding patients with pheochromocytoma or bilateral lesions) have already been established elsewhere. Although the working space is smaller than that of peritoneal approach, and the surgical techniques are slightly more difficult, extraperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy promises to be safe and a minimally invasive treatment for patients with unilateral small adrenal tumors except for pheochromocytoma.

STREAM is a real time signal control system aimed at alleviating traffic congestion, distributing traffic and reducing the number of road accidents. It is applicable to all traffic conditions moderating the speed of vehicles in light traffic, improving the efficiency of green time when traffic demand is nearly saturated and running priority control when demand is over-saturated. This paper discusses the concept of control, the system configuration, the control methods and the results obtained from introducing STREAM in Tokyo. The results show a reduction in daytime journey time of 9%, a reduction in total delay of 23% and a reduction in congestion length time of 28%. For the covering abstract see IRRD 880251.

An autoclavable air turbine handpiece, Air Flushing Clean System (AFCS) (Osada Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was developed for use in dentistry with the objective of reducing cross-contamination. Its potential for bacterial contamination was investigated in vitro using two bacterial strains (Streptococcus mutants ATCC 25175 and Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209 P). In theory, this device should prevent cross-contamination of the internal water and air lines of the handpiece, by maintaining an internal positive pressure even after the turbine is stopped. In the present study, this AFCS device was found to reduce the bacterial contamination within the air turbine handpiece more effectively than the conventional handpiece used according to accepted protocol. The reduction of such contamination by the AFCS is in keeping with the recent objective of the American Dental Association to reduce cross-contamination during dental procedures.

Circulatory system examinations performed on first-grade pupils of junior high schools (12 years old; N = 1,204), identified 105 high-risk pupils with arteriosclerosis-promoting factors. These pupils were consulted on life-style modification, emphasizing nutrition and exercise, and encouraged to practice personal health management and self-monitoring. Reduction and correction of high risk factors were studied in these subjects, based on review of results of health examinations performed regularly up to the time of their graduation. Results are as follows: 1. Averages for obesity grade (for both sexes) in the second and the third years were significantly lower than that in the first year. Based on a general reference valueor = 20%, improvements were observed in 22.5% of males and 50.0% of females. 2. In both sexes average total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were lower in the second and the third years than in the first year, and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol was seen. With regard to a general reference valueor = 3.0 for AI (Atherogenic Index) calculated using TC and HDL cholesterol, improvements (reduction) were observed in 29.4%, of males and 46.2% of females. 3. While the numbers of subjects with elevated SBP, DBP, GPT, FPG and BUN were few, there were significant decreases in averages in the second and third years compared with those in the first year. Using general reference values, improvements in these risks were seen in 100% for all values except for GPT where 75.0% showed improvement. 4. Comparison of grouped distribution of summed values of examination results between the first year and the third year, showed improvements (reduction and correction of risks) in 69 pupils (65.7%), while 30 pupils (28.6%) remained in the same group with no improvement and 6 pupils (5.7%) turned for the worse, dropping one rank.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

A method to realize high quality SiGe/Si heterostructures where surface segregation seriously deteriorates the interface integrity is discussed. After clarifying the mechanism of surface segregation, a new technique, called segre-gant-assisted growth (SAG), where atoms having a strong segregation tendency are introduced at heterointerfaces is proposed and its advantages are demonstrated. Intersubband transition of electrons in the conduction band can be clearly observed even in narrow quantum wells (QWs), and the well width dependence reflecting the square shape potential is obtained in the absorption peak energy. Gas source MBE (GSMBE), which is considered to be quasi-SAG with hydrogen generated at the growth front acting as a segregant, is shown to provide high quality SiGe/Si heterostructures with abrupt interfaces. Highly efficient band edge luminescence is observed in the QWs grown by the SAG method, especially by GSMBE, and the quantum confinement effect is confirmed. Electroluminescent diodes providing band edge luminescence are fabricated by this method, suggesting a high potential for SiGe/Si heterostrucutres in device applications.

In the present paper, a generalized two-surface model for steel, which can be directly used in an elasto-plastic analysis of steel structures subjected to cyclic loading, is proposed by introducing the important characteristics observed in the uniaxial cyclic loading test of structural steels. The proposed model is implemented in the finite element program FEAP81 and applied to simulate the cyclic behavior of structural steel in the multi-dimensional stress state.

A significant number of youth have obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus which are major risk factors for C.V.D and I.H.D. and which frequently occur after maturity. Analysis of lifestyle factors show a strong relationship between a series of these factors, and life style practices as typified by time-saving, dietary practice such as convenience foods, insufficient exercises, as well as family history of C.V.D. Prompt establish next of a system for screening high risk children with these factors and a corresponding support system for guiding and instructing them, is indicated. Studies should be performed from the viewpoint of life-cycle health management for establishing an integrated examination system for circulatory diseases for screening to follow-up.

In 1990, The Japanese National Police Agency (NPA) planned a nationwide two-year research project including field experiments, "Travel Time Estimation and Prediction" aimed at realizing a reliable method of providing travel time information to drivers (1). The project was conducted by the Japan Traffic Management Technology Association and three system manufacturers (Sumitomo Electric, OMRON and Matsushita Communication) collaborated on research and experimental work. Several methods of estimating and predicting travel time were developed and evaluated in three major cities (Tokyo, Yokohama and Osaka). Four models, Sandglass, Delay Time, Auto Regressive and Neural Network Models were developed and evaluated using detector and license plate reader information, and field survey data in the three major cities. The first year evaluation results are described here.

Causes and risk factors of deaths from subacute myelo-optico neuropathy (SMON) were studied in a prospective cohort of 4,329 SMON patients followed for 3 years and 7 months (Sept. 1985-March 1989) with the following findings: (1) Recent excess deaths of SMON patients was estimated as 4% from ratio of O/E (SMR = 104) and deaths due to SMON itself was 6.4%. (2) The ratio of O/E was significantly higher for deaths from cancer of colon/rectum in females, cancer of pancreas in males, hypertension in males, pneumonia/influenza in females, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in males, tuberculosis and intestinal obstructive disease in males and females. (3) The ratio of O/E was 1.8 times or greater for those SMON patients with complications of cerebrovascular disease, severe blindness, complete loss of ambulation, and who were bedridden, and who are unable to receive home care from family members or trained home helpers.

In order to improve maintenance of weight reduction, a long-term (5 month) weight reduction class for obese women consisting of repeated group learning three times a month in areas of dietary regimen and practice of physical exercise, and self-help group activities was conducted at a health center. Maintenance of achieved weight reduction was studied six months and one year after completion of the class. The results are as follows. 1) Among 30 alumni, percentages of rebound, regaining weight of more than half of reduction during the class, were 18% at six months and 48% at one year after the class. These results appear to indicate the difficulty in maintaining weight loss. 2) However, when changes were studied in terms of fat mass and lean body mass, rebound of fat mass, regaining fat mass of more than half of reduction, was very small--only 5%, through the follow-up periods--while lean body mass increased gradually. These results indicate very good maintenance of fat mass reduction, and from the view point of the objective of weight reduction which is principally fat mass reduction, this objective was supported. 3) The attendees were divided into two groups, diet group and exercise group. There were almost no differences in the follow-up results for weight maintenance between the two groups. This can be attributed to the fact that since the combination of dieting and exercise was emphasized in both groups, with moderate energy restriction and balanced food intake in the dietary regimen and aerobic walking for exercise in addition to the classroom learning, instructions for lifestyle changes were rather similar for both groups.

We analyze the physical processes in the nonlinear wavelength conversion stages of a recently demonstrated red-green-blue (RGB) laser source, which generated > or = 8 W of average power in each color. The system is based on an infrared femtosecond mode-locked laser and contains a frequency doubler, a parametric generator, a parametric amplifier, and two sum-frequency conversion stages. It does not require any resonant cavities, external laser amplifiers, or nonlinear crystals operated at elevated temperatures; therefore it appears to be more practical than other previously demonstrated RGB laser sources. However, the optimization of the overall system is nontrivial, because pump depletion, birefringence, and temporal walk-off in the first conversion stages lead to spatial and temporal distortion of the interacting beams in the subsequent nonlinear conversion stages. This leads to the interaction of spatially and temporally distorted beams in the later conversion stages. By using a numerical simulation of the nonlinear conversion processes based on a Fourier-space method in one temporal and two transverse spatial dimensions, we can fully take into account these effects. We analyze and discuss the physical effects in the different conversion stages and describe the optimization of the overall system performance.

We report a noncollinear optical parametric generator (OPG) using periodically poled LiNbO 3 (PPLN) pumped by a Nd:YAG laser. Signal tuning is achieved from 1.58 to 1.81 μm by angular rotation of the PPLN crystal. A signal linewidth of 68 nm was found at 1.76 μm. A 532-nm-pumped narrow-linewidth OPG is employed for its idler to serve as a seed source for the Nd:YAG-pumped broadband OPG. Tuning the seed wavelength only, tuning of the noncollinear OPG is achieved, with its linewidth reduced to 1.7 nm throughout its bandwidth. Such a system can be employed for wavelength division multiplexing, optical coherence tomography, and spectroscopy.

We present a simple scheme to generate a continuously tunable pulsed narrow-bandwidth infrared wave. An Nd:YAG-pumped periodically poled lithium niobate optical parametric generator (OPG) is seeded with the output of another OPG pumped by the second harmonic (0.532 microm) of the Nd:YAG laser. A tunable idler wave from the 0.532-microm pumped OPG, operated away from the degenerate point, provides a narrow linewidth seed source for the 1.064-microm pumped broadband OPG. Seeding forces the second OPG to operate in a narrowband operation comparable with that of the seed source. Linewidth of the YAG-pumped OPG is 5-25 nm, in the tuning range of 1.61-1.83 microm (signal), narrowed to 1.48-1.05 nm. Methods of further reduction of linewidth also have been discussed.

The purpose of this study is to establish a one dimensional large displacement theory for plane-curved members with thin-walled open sections. Consequently, this theory is applied in the analysis of lateral-torsional buckling of circular arches. Typical numerical examples are shown herein to illustrate how the ratio of different types of rigidities in non-dimensional form affects the buckling loads.

summary Up to this time, it has been difficult to recognize defects of machine and equipment by automatic system instead of skilled human sensors. Now authors have developed the new art which can catch the specific features of acoustic signal from rotating machines using diagnostic signature analysis. As a result, the automated inspection and diagnosis of the rotating state of motors have become possible. For the diagnostic analysis, the pattern recognition technique composed of signal averaging and normalization method is used. Especially, the statistical classifications using a characteristic function and an estimated function have proved their usefulness. A practical inspection equipment based on this analysis for rotating machines has been developed and tested in one of our plants. This statistical methods can be also applied to the preventive maintenance and automatic diagnostic system for other kinds of machines, tools and various kinds of plants.

A finite element method is applied to compute the elastic-plastic post-buckling behavior of initially deflected and eccentrically loaded steel plates and box sections. Comparisons with available theoretical and experimental results reveal that the present finite element analysis gives extremely accurate results even with small numbers of elements. Based on an extensive numerical study, an empirical formula is proposed to predict the ultimate strength of steel plates as well as steel box sections with various supporting conditions.

Oxygen precipitation in CZ silicon crystal depends on the existence of an ambryo. During crystal growth embryos are assumed to form at carbon atoms. We simulated the embryo formation based upon a thermally-activated heterogeneous nucleation model. Results for the case of an isothermal pre-anneal agree with experiment for homogenized wafers with various carbon content. Results for the cooling process during crystal growth indicate that the thermal history during tailing and slow cooling determine embryo formation in a large part of a silicon crystal with a larger diameter and reduced carbon content.

A ray-theoretical approach is attempted to interpret radial eigenfunctions (radial and tangential displacements) of spheroidal modes of a homogeneous elastic sphere. It is shown that surface displacements of the mode solutions agree well with those expected when relevant body waves are incident on the free surface. The possibility of interpreting amplitude dependence on depth in terms of interference phenomenon of up-going and down-going body waves is also demonstrated. The radial eigenfunctions are computed for a variety of spheroidal modes with relatively high radial mode numbers. An interesting feature is found in these functions: The number of node surfaces in the radial distribution of the radial displacement increases systematically for a given radial mode in conformity with a change of surface value of the tangential displacement from negative to positive with increasing colatitudinal order number.

The two‐step thermal anneal has been investigated in detail for the control of oxygen precipitation. The correlations of interstitial oxygen reduction after the two‐step thermal anneal, the interstitial oxygen in the as‐grown wafer, and the microdefect density are made clear. There is a critical oxygen concentration for the oxygen precipitation. It depends on the first step annealing time and the substitutional carbon concentration. The two‐step thermal anneal was applied successfully to a CCD image sensor and CMOS LSI to improve their performance.

Phenoxymethyllithium, which was prepared from t ributyl (phenoxymethyl) tin by tinlithiumexchange reaction, reacted with various electrophiles to give alkylation and/or condensation products in good yields.

From November 1985 through September 1986, 20 cases of upper urinary tract calculi (14 kidney, 7 ureter) were treated by the one-stage procedure percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Renal and ureteral calculi were successfully removed in all 20 cases (100%). After the procedure, a few small stone fragments remained in 3 cases (the rate of remnant stone : 14%). High fever was noted in 7 patients but did not last longer than 3 days. No patients required blood transfusion. The one-stage percutaneous procedure was considered a more efficient procedure to remove the upper urinary tract calculi, than open surgery or two stage percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. In one-stage percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, however, serum sodium concentration was lowered significantly after the procedure, although the hematocrit remained unchanged throughout. This should be carefully corrected by the supplement of irrigation fluid and intravenous infusion during the procedure.

The toxic potencies of cisplatin and carboplatin were compared in male Wistar rats. The tissue concentration of platinum in rats was 5- to 13-fold larger with cisplatin treated group than carboplatin treated one. The histopathologic examination of various organs revealed severe myelosuppression and mild toxicity in the kidney, testis, spleen and intestine of rats treated with carboplatin. The toxicity of carboplatin was milder than cisplatin in all organs except bone marrow. This reduced toxicity of carboplatin can be accounted for by the presence of a stable dicarboxylate chelate ring structure of this drug, resulting in a much slower rate of hydrolysis to the active form, and the differences in nuclear protein phosphorylation between normal cells and tumor cells. The decreased nephrotoxicity of carboplatin may be due in part to lower drug accumulation in the renal tubular epithelium via the basement transport mechanism.

Effects of Si surface orientation on small dimension NMOS and PMOS characteristics at 300K and 77K have been experimentally investigated. Carrier transport in a high electric field and hot carrier-induced degradation have been examined in detail. In scaled NMOS devices alone, a triode channel transconductance depends strongly on Si surface orientation, but a pentode transconductance does not depend on it. These behaviors are qualitatively discussed with an effective mass model and carrier transport process. The Si surface orientation dependence of hot carrier-induced degradation is found to be related to the number of interface state. Based upon these results, the optimum surface orientation for submicron CMOS devices is discussed.

Up to this time, it has been difficult to recognize defects of machine and equipment by automatic system instead of skilled human sensors. Now authors have developed the new art which can catch the specific features of acoustic signal from rotating machines using diagnostic signature analysis. As a result, the automated inspection and diagnosis of the rotating state of motors have become possible. For the diagnostic analysis, the pattern recognition technique composed of signal averaging and normalization method is used. Especially, the statistical classifications using a characteristic function and an estimated function have proved their usefulness. A practical inspection equipment based on this analysis for rotating machines has been developed and tested in one of our plants. This statistical methods can be also applied to the preventive maintenance and automatic diagnostic system for other kinds of machines, tools and various kinds of plants.