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According to this study, approximately half of Africa's forests are utilized primarily or partially for the production of wood and non-wood commodities. Aims to evaluate Africa's forestry and forest products, namely Wood Forest Products (WFPs) and Non-wood Forest Products (NWFPs) in the sixteen (16) West African countries. While adhering to the following guidelines: wood extraction and preparation, analyzing wood primarily used as an energy source in Africa, identifying non-wood forest products in Africa, the state of export, trade, and customs procedures in West Africa, and examining the role of forests and forest stakeholders in Africa's low-carbon economy transition. An exploratory literature review of selected wood forest products and non-wood forest products (plants and animals) in West Africa identifying the country, the natural land area with the natural habitat issues of the forest, the species most harvested and traded in the West African sub-region. The study reemphasized some government legislation, policies, and market trade failures and limitations while also stating that trees may help in the low-carbon revolution through interventions aimed at maintaining, improving, and restoring natural capital have demonstrated that high environmental requirements of sustainable forest management (SFM) may be met in both natural and planted forests. The study identified a systematic assessment of the most common forest products (wood and non-wood forest products) considering the available data on the national forest reserves of the selected countries in West Africa. The study also revealed the need for biodiversity conservation of the available forest reserves to help mitigate the impact of global warming targeting the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 13- Climate Action. Which is focused on integrating climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction, and early warning signs into the national policies, improving forest planning and management education, awareness-raising, and institutional capacity within the sub-region.

Human activities mostly impact the trend and direction of surface water, groundwater, and other river basin resources in the watershed in Africa. Human activities influence river flows and the water quality at both highlands and lowlands. A watershed is indeed a conserved area of land that collects rain and snow and empties or penetrates into ground water sources. The act of managing the activities around the watershed is the Integrated Watershed Management while considering the social, economic, and environmental issues, as well as community interests to manage water resources sustainably. These watersheds, river basins, and groundwater resources provide important services for communities and biodiversity. This paper reveals that the best way to protect groundwater resources is on a watershed basis using IWM. This technique enables us to handle a variety of concerns and objectives while also allowing us to plan in a complicated and uncertain environment. IWM involves cooperation and participation from a wide range of community interests and water users, including municipalities, companies, people, agencies, and landowners, for stakeholders' input to be successful. All of the strategies and plans are produced concerning one another, as well as the overall conditions of the watershed, local land uses, and specific issues.

In the process of malware analysis, information such as the API call sequences and opcodes of malwares is extremely valuable feature, but a large number of malware writers abuse various anti-reverse technologies to hide malware information. In order to protect these malwares, they usually use virtualization, obfuscation, packing, and anti-debugging techniques. These protections hinder the acquisition of malware information, making the reverse analysis and detection of malware more difficult. In this paper, we propose VABox: an executable software analysis framework based on virtualization technology. It monitor the packed and virtualization-obfuscated applications and kernel modules, and is difficult to be discovered by malware. 1) Compared with the emulator, its execution speed is faster and it can also provide the detailed virus running information, including the running opcode, completing the API call information and the shellcode information. 2) Compared with traditional sandbox, it can supply a more realistic operating environment for malware, greatly reducing the possibility of being detected by malware. 3) Compared with previous work, it can obtain cleaner and more accurate sample data. 4) In addition, VABox also provides developers with opportunities to dump memory, obtain and modify contextual information. We verified the effectiveness of VABox by testing kernel Rootkit and UPX packed applications protected by VMProtect 3.4 on Windows platform. Experimental results show that our tool can accurately and completely capture information such as the API call sequences and parameters of executable files.