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AbstractEssential oil of Artemisia nilagiricaisolated from aerial parts was analyzed for antitermite activity. Chemical constituents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Total forty constituents have been identified which is 93.55 % of the essential oil. Major constituents of the oil were α-thujone (33.78 %), germacrene-D (9.31 %), β-thujone (6.01 %), caryophyllene (5.86 %), caryophyllene oxide (6.17 %), borneol (2.16 %). The essential oil consist of 41.34 % monoterpene hydrocarbon, 30.9 % sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, 10.24 % monoterpene alcohol, 8.33 % sesquiterpene oxide along with 2.74 % sesquiterpene alcohol. The essential oil exhibited significant antitermite activity against Microtermes beesonithe termite. ED50for termite repellency was found 4.44 mg/g and 5.81 mg/g for termite mortality. Chlorpyriphos 20 % TC was taken as control, ED50of chlorpyriphos was found 1.53 mg/g. This study indicated that A. nilagiricaessential oil can be used as a wood preservative to control the termites infesting wooden material and commodities.

AbstractHigher and aromatics plants have traditionally been used in folk medicine as well as to extend the shelf life of foods, showing inhibition against bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Most of their properties are due to essential oils produced by their secondary metabolism. Essential oils and extracts from several plant species are able to control microorganisms related to skin, dental caries, and food spoilage, including Gramnegative and Gram-positive bacteria. The present study is based on the evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the fresh leaves of Justicia adhatodaand to identify the chemical constituents responsible for antimicrobial potential. The chemical constituents of essential oil were identified by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS).The essential oil was evaluated for the antimicrobial potential against methicillin resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureusalong with its clinical isolates. GC-MS analysis revealed that the major constituents of the essential oil were phytol (57.8 %), n-hentriacontane (3.92 %), nonacosane (3.65 %), pentacosane (2.65 %), β-Eudesmol (1.14 %), heneicosane (1.13 %). Result indicates that J. adhatodaleaves essential oil has a strong antimicrobial activity against mentioned microorganisms (MIC: 62.5–250 μg/mL).

Biomass, carbon storage and carbon dioxide mitigation potential of plantations of Populus deltoides, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Dalbergia sissoo, Mangifera indica, Litchi chinensisand Prunus salicinawere assessed. Being economically viable, such tree plantations are grown by farmers on a large scale in north India. The maximum total biomass (94.8 Mg ha− 1) was observed in a 10-year-old D. sissoomonoculture plantation, followed by an 8-year-old P. deltoidesblock plantation (63.0 Mg ha− 1). Carbon stocks ranged from 4.51 Mg ha− 1in an 8-year-old P. deltoidesboundary plantation to 43.39 Mg ha− 1in D. sissooplantation. The carbon sequestration rate for P. deltoidesblock and boundary plantations was estimated to be 2.75 and 0.43 Mg C ha− 1year− 1, respectively. Eucalyptusboundary plantation sequestered 0.84 Mg C ha− 1year− 1while D. sissooplantation sequestered 2.73 Mg C ha− 1 year− 1. Among fruit trees, the highest sequestration rate was recorded in M. indica(mango) plantation, with 1.43 Mg C ha− 1 year− 1.

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to develop and demonstrate the applicability of a computer code for flood routing in large tree type channel networks. The computer program is based on the implicit-finite difference algorithm recently developed by Nguyen and Kawano (1995). In this method, the system of simultaneous equations resulting from the finite-difference discretization is solved using an efficient double sweep algorithm specially designed for tree type channel networks. The computer code is applied to Ganga River Basin from Haridwar to Farakka barrage. The network consists of 29 channels with a combined length of 10,682 km. Flood routing is carried out with Log Pearson type III inflow hydrographs at the inlets of all the tributaries. The results are discussed in terms of the outflow hydrographs.