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Owing to the widespread availability of preventive dental care and the development of effective antibiotics for the treatment of orofacial infection, the incidence of serious odontogenic infections has decreased dramatically over the past 50 years. Serious dental infections still occur, however, and their occasionally severe complications or even mortality warrant serious study of the clinical presentation, anatomy, and pathophysiology of orofacial infections. The goal of this review is to provide the emergency practitioner with a concise description of the clinical presentation, relevant anatomy, and treatment principles of odontogenic infection in the patient who presents to the ED with a swollen face or difficulty in opening the mouth widely. Prompt institution of surgical therapy for the infection, aided by appropriate antibiotic therapy enables the healthcare professions to continue their remarkable progress in treating these once-dreaded infections.

This overview of the surgical management of orofacial odontogenic infections is designed as a practical guide for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Fortunately, the incidence of serious odontogenic infections is decreasing. This decreased frequency, however, necessitates diligent study and mental preparation in advance of the emergent situations in which such cases present.

Cet article est une reponse a une etude de Kenneth Schmitz sur le postmodernisme et la tradition catholique. Le but de l'A. est de lancer une discussion autour des arguments de Schmitz, et il propose trois theses qui constituent les premieres reponses a ces arguments, en precisant bien qu'il s'agit seulement d'hypotheses plausibles en vue de la discussion. La these 1 dit que la pensee postmoderne est consideree au mieux comme une reponse a ce que Lyotard appelle le «signe de l'histoire» aujourd'hui, notamment «la fission du sens». These 2 : Le postmodernisme est plus une correction des exclusivites et exces modernistes qu'un remplacement total du modernisme. Et la these 3 suggere que la philosophie se trouve face a la tâche problematique de redefinir la «rationalite». L'A. conclut par une observation concernant le «consensus fidelium» dans la condition postmoderne.

L'A. mesure les forces et faiblesses de la theorie existentialiste de l'histoire developpee par Sartre a partir d'une ontologie sociale, fondee sur les notions de praxis reconstituante et d'histoire engagee. Examinant les theses fondamentales de la primaute de la praxis, de l'inertie pratique, de l'histoire vivante et de l'histoire comme entreprise poetique, l'A. trace les limites ontologiques, epistemiques, morales et historiques de la position de Sartre

L'A. defend la these selon laquelle le jugement historique est un jugement poetique, un travail (opus) effectue en vertu d'un desir rationnel qui fait intervenir la raison evaluative plutot que la raison instrumentale

In the everyday practice of oral and maxillofacial surgeons, empiric antibiotics are prescribed in the face of uncertainty. Is there a highly resistant organism present? Are the old-line antibiotics no longer effective? Should a broad-spectrum antibiotic be used just to cover all the bases in this case? The surprising result of this systematic review is that when combined with appropriate surgery, the usual antibiotics are all effective. Safety and cost become the differentiating factors in this clinical decision.

What the intellectual can do is provide instruments of analysis, and at present this is the historian's essential role. What's effectively needed is a ramified, penetrative perception of the present, one that makes it possible to locate lines of weakness, strong points, positions where the instances of power have secured and implanted themselves by a system of organization dating back over 150 years. In other words, a topological and geographical survey of the bat tlefield?that is the intellectual's role. (PK 62)

This article describes clinical approaches for the perioperative management of the pregnant oral and maxillofacial surgical patient. The following topics are discussed: ethical principles of treatment during pregnancy, physiologic changes and their treatment considerations, fetal and maternal risks of various medications, medical problems occurring during pregnancy, and common minimally invasive approaches that the surgeon can apply to minimize the risk to the mother and unborn child. The strategies discussed provide successful treatment outcomes during this important time in the female surgical patient's life.

words, there is an opening, a «owself-coincidence at the heart of each individual that ontologically grounds our freedom and responsibility. And yet Sartre's former student, the distinguished psychoanalyst, Jean-Bertrand Pontalis, could remark: "One day the history of Sartre's thirty-year-long relationship with psychoanalysis, an ambigu ous mixture of equally deep attraction and repulsion, will have to be written and perhaps his work reinterpreted in light of it" (BEM 220). Various authors have taken up that challenge and offered us psychoanalytically astute interpretations of many of his individual works. Except for Josette Pacaly's Sartre au Miroir (1980), none, to my knowledge, has placed Sartre's entire life on the couch, to scruti nize the often unconscious processes that emerge and then dissolve only to reemerge in newer circumstances, like clouds in the sky or images in a glass ball. Boule tries his hand at this project, prudently limiting the focus of his inquiry to three aspects of Sartre's life, namely, what he calls "masculinities" or Sartre's relation to his ideal and real bodies and behaviors in shifting circumstances; secondly, views about the "self(ves)" that seem to have emerged and receded throughout Sartre's life; and finally theories of self-formation and the role of others, especially women, in his becoming who he was. Boule's text is wonderfully detailed and affords new perspectives on otherwise well-worn issues in Sartre's biography even as it tentatively and more problematically suggests fresher ways of conceiving his lit erary and even his philosophical oeuvre.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate a series of patients with severe odontogenic infections (OI). Patients and Methods In this study, 37 consecutive hospitalized patients with odontogenic infection were treated with intravenous penicillin (PCN) (unless allergic), and prompt incision and drainage. Standardized data collection included demographic, preadmission, time-related, preoperative, anatomic, treatment, microbiologic, and complications information. Appropriate descriptive statistics were computed. Results The sample consisted of 37 subjects (38% female) with a mean age of 34.9 years. Three subjects (8%) had immunocompromising diseases. Caries was the most frequent dental disease (65%) and the lower third molar was the most frequently involved tooth (68%). Trismus and dysphagia were present on admission in over 70% of cases. The masticator, perimandibular (submandibular, submental, and/or sublingual), and peripharyngeal (lateral pharyngeal, retropharyngeal, and/or pretracheal) spaces were infected in 78%, 60%, and 43% of cases, respectively. Abscess was found in 76% of cases. PCN-resistant organisms were identified in 19% of all strains isolated and in 54% of patients with sensitivity data. PCN therapeutic failure occurred in 21% of cases and reoperation was required in 8%. Length of hospital stay was 5.1 ± 3.0 days. No deaths occurred. Conclusions This study indicated that PCN resistance, resulting in PCN therapeutic failure, was unacceptably high in this sample. Alternative antibiotics, such as clindamycin, should be considered in hospitalized patients with OI. Masticator space infection occurred much more frequently than previously reported. Trismus and dysphagia should be appreciated as significant indicators of severe OI.

The return of the repressed? Failure of nerve? However one wants to interpret the phenomenon, there is no gainsaying the fact: “religious” themes and theses have received sympathetic treatment with notable frequency in the writings of European philosophers in recent years. Whether it be the question of negative theology in the work of Derrida, the notion of Pauline “truth” in the exegesis of Badiou, the frequent reference to the spiritual in Foucault or more direct allusions to religious themes and images in the writings of Levinas, Ricoeur, Henry, Marion, Irigaray, Courtine, Chretien, and others, the religious in both its orthodox and its heterodox forms is enjoying an attention among professional philosophers that is unprecedented in our generation. The late Dominique Janicaud called attention to this fact in an influential essay entitled “The Theological Turn of French Phenomenology.”1

The focus of this paper is on flexibility in a “query-answering” system which includes the user who generates the queries as well as other components of the system responsible for interpreting and fulfilling the query. Furthermore, the emphasis is expanded from pure “queries” which can be satisfied by information alone to generalized queries which may be satisfied by some combination of information, services, and physical goods not initially known in detail by the user. In order to carry out these comparisons and contrasts in a manner that uncovers potentially useful implications for internet infrastructure providers, consumer oriented enterprises, and business-to-business enterprises, we will use an analytic approach based on the post-structural theories of Michel Foucault.

This is not about the “life and times” of either philosopher, though it is about their “times.” Anyone familiar with the work of Foucault knows that such a foray into intellectual history would be inappropriate. Rather, I wish to examine what each has to say about the nature of time, especially about historical time. Both were historians of a sort, the one psychoanalytic and sociological (Sartre) and the other archaeological and genealogical (Foucault), and each expressed a distinctive understanding of historical temporality. Sartrean time is progressive and moral while that of Foucault is noncumulative and comparative. In fact, I shall argue that the latter is spatialized (“squared,” if you will) in a sense that resists Hegelian-Marxist dialectic and forces us to view “history” from a unique perspective. Our examination of what these distinctive and seemingly contradictory positions reveal about the nature of history will also help to elucidate the phenomenological heritage of each.